Cuspidaria

Cuspidaria
	Cuspidaria floribunda
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Trumpet Family (Bignoniaceae)
Genre :	Cuspidaria
Scientific name
	Cuspidaria
	DC.

Cuspidaria is a genus of plants that belongs tothe trumpet tree family (Bignoniaceae). The 19or so species are distributed from Mexico to Argentina and Paraguay ; the center of biodiversity is Brazil.

description

Zygomorphic flower in detail from Cuspidaria sceptrum

Vegetative characteristics

Species of the genus Cuspidaria are lianas , which do not show any deviating growth form in youth and are not strongly smelling. The stems have a cross-section four phloem on wedges that Mark is fixed. The branches are cylindrical, hairy and sparsely provided with cork pores . Between the petioles are glands, a channel between the petioles is interrupted or can occasionally be absent. The epidermis does not peel off. The bracts of the axillary buds are tiny, triangular and glandless.

The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is single or divided into two to three partial leaves, only in the species Cuspidaria inaequalis they are biternously (double triple) divided. The front part of the leaf is often replaced by a simple tendril that has neither sticky points nor a hook-shaped tip. In the branches of the leaf veins of the partial leaves are groups of glands, these can also be found sparsely on the remaining leaf blade. There are no translucent points on the leaf blades, domatia may be present. The petioles of the partial leaves are not angled. The petioles are cylindrical, never transformed into a tendril and not angled.

blossoms

The flowers are five-fold and zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The calyx is cup-shaped, membranous and has five short calyx lobes, tips or bristles. The outside of the sepals is hairy or finely tomentose, along the edges there are groups of glands. The crown is colored magenta, pink or red, mostly funnel-shaped with a straight corolla tube, only with Cuspidaria cinera the entire crown is tubular. There are no sap marks , the outside is hairless, only with Cuspidaria cinera is it finely hairy. The five crown lobes overlap like roof tiles.

The four stamens do not protrude beyond the crown, they have clearly pronounced stamens. The anthers are hairless, the counters are curved forward. The pollen grains appear in tetrads, are kolpat, their exine is psilat (without ornamentation). The ovary is sessile, smooth and finely scaled on the outside. The ovules are in two rows on each placenta . The scar is rhombic and hairless. The flower base is circular.

Fruits and seeds

The bilobed capsule fruits are linear, flat, straight and leathery. The fruit peel is hairy, covered with cork cells, but has no glands. The fruits can be winged, are usually smooth, but the central rib is often transformed into two longitudinal grooves. The cup is not permanent on the fruit. The seeds are smooth and hairless, with translucent, linear wings.

Locations

The Cuspidaria species grow in moist to dry forests and cerrado vegetation.

Inflorescence of Cuspidaria pulchra

Branch with leaves and inflorescence of Cuspidaria sceptrum

Systematics and distribution

The genus Cuspidaria was founded in 1838 by Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle in Bibliotheque Universelle de Geneve , sér. 2, volume 17, page 125. The type species is Cuspidaria pterocarpa (Cham.) DC. Synonyms for Cuspidaria DC. nom. cons. are: Blepharitheca Pichon , Cremastus Miers , Lochmocydia Mart. ex DC. , Nouletia Endl. , Saldanhaea Bureau nom. illeg., Setilobus Baill. , Tetrastichella Pichon .

The Cuspidaria species are common in the Neotropics from Mexico to Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay .

Since Lohmann et al. In 2014 there are 19 species in the genus Cuspidaria :

Cuspidaria argentea (Wawra) Sandwith : It occurs in northeastern Brazil.

Cuspidaria bracteata (Baill. Ex Bureau & K.Schum.) LGLohmann : It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais .

Cuspidaria cinerea (Bureau ex. K.Schum) LGLohmann : It occurs in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Minas Gerais.

Cuspidaria convoluta (Vell.) AHGentry (Syn .: Cuspidaria trifoliata DC. , Cuspidaria populeaster Mart. Ex DC. , Cuspidaria pterocarpa (Cham.) DC. ): It is common from Brazil to northeast Argentina and Bolivia . The number of chromosomes in Cuspidaria convoluta is 2n = 40.
Cuspidaria cratensis (JC Gomes) AHGentry ex LGLohmann : It occurs in northeastern Brazil.
Cuspidaria emmonsii A.H.Gentry : It comes from northern Brazil via Bolivia to Peru before.
Cuspidaria floribunda (DC.) AHGentry : It is distributed from Panama to Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia to Brazil.
Cuspidaria inaequalis (DC. Ex Splitg.) LGLohmann : It is distributed from southern Mexico to tropical Central and South America.
Cuspidaria lachnaea (Bureau) LGLohmann : It occurs from Venezuela to Bolivia.
Cuspidaria lasiantha (Bureau & K.Schum.) LGLohmann : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
Cuspidaria lateriflora (Mart.) DC. : It occurs in tropical South America.
Cuspidaria multiflora DC. : It occurs in Brazil in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais.
Cuspidaria octoptera A.H.Gentry : It occurs in eastern Brazil.
Cuspidaria pulchella (Cham.) K.Schum. : It occurs from Brazil to Paraguay.
Cuspidaria pulchra (Cham.) LGLohmann : It occurs from Bolivia to Brazil.
Cuspidaria sceptrum (Cham.) LGLohmann : It occurs from Bolivia to central and eastern Brazil.
Cuspidaria simplicifolia DC. : It occurs in eastern Bolivia and eastern Brazil.
Cuspidaria subincana A.H. Gentry : It occurs from Colombia to northern South America.
Cuspidaria weberbaueri (Sprague) AHGentry : It occurs in Peru.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cuspidaria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 29, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lúcia G. Lohmann, Charlotte M. Taylor: A New Generic Classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 99, Number 3, 2014. pp. 348-489. doi : 10.3417 / 2003187
↑ Cuspidaria at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 28, 2017.
↑ Cuspidaria at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Web links

Commons : Cuspidaria - collection of images, videos and audio files

Cuspidaria at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cuspidaria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 29, 2017.

[Lohmann14-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lúcia G. Lohmann, Charlotte M. Taylor: A New Generic Classification of Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 99, Number 3, 2014. pp. 348-489. doi : 10.3417 / 2003187

[Tropicos-3] Cuspidaria at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 28, 2017.

[IPCN-4] Cuspidaria at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis