Dabie Shan

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Dabie Shan
Dabie Mountains in Huoshan County, Anhui Province

Dabie Mountains in Huoshan County , Anhui Province

Highest peak Baima Jian ( 1763  m )
location Anhui , Henan , Hubei ( PR China )
eastern branch of the Qinling Mountains
Dabie Shan (Hubei)
Dabie Shan
Coordinates 31 ° 15 ′  N , 115 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 31 ° 15 ′  N , 115 ° 0 ′  E
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The Dabie Mountains or Dabie Shan ( Chinese  大別山  /  大别山 , Pinyin Dàbié Shān ) is a low mountain range in the People's Republic of China , in the border area of ​​the three provinces of Hubei , Henan and Anhui .

location

It runs from northwest to southeast and forms the watershed between the Huai He and Yangtze River rivers . Its highest peak is the Baima Jian , which reaches 1763  m . The Dabie Shan forms the eastern foothills of the Qinling Mountains and ends abruptly in the southeast at the active Tan Lu fault . It finds its geological and morphological continuation on the Shandong Peninsula and in Central Korea .

geology

The mountains form the largest known occurrence of ultra-high pressure rocks on earth. The Dabie Shan results from the Triassic collision between the South and North China Blocks. The continental rocks of the South China Block were subjected to an ultra-high pressure metamorphosis (p> 2.8 GPa). In the early Cretaceous (approx. 140-120 Ma) the Triassic ultra-high pressure rocks were intruded by numerous granitic melts. The current morphology owes the Dabie Shan mainly to late Cretaceous and Cenozoic uplift and erosion processes. Evidence of these processes are the Cretaceous-Cenozoic sedimentary basins that surround the Dabie Shan in the south, east and north.

history

In 1944, the Chinese Communist Party forces under Li Xiannian established a communist base in the Dabie Mountains. This was part of the strategy of creating base areas behind the lines of the Japanese forces in the war against Japan as well as behind the lines of the Kuomintang . After the surrender of Japan , the civil war flared up again, the communists now pursued the strategy of holding their positions in the south and conquering the north. Their new line of defense ran north of the Yellow River , and they were ready to abandon their bases in the Central China Plain . For the Kuomintang, however, conquering the Dabie base was a top priority, so Li Xiannian sent his troops to reinforce the armies of Chen Yi and Su Yu in Jiangsu and withdrew with the remaining troops to Shaanxi . By the summer of 1947, the Kuomintang forces were able to harass the communists and even take their main base in Yan'an . When the communist troops were in danger of losing their economic base and political backing, the party leadership around Mao Zedong decided to launch a strategic counterattack.

The 129th Division of the 8th March Army , commanded by Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping and trapped in the Taihang Mountains by the Kuomintang forces, was given the task of going deep south and building a new base in the Dabie Mountains . On the night of June 30th to July 1st, the troops crossed the Yellow River, broke the Kuomintang lines on the south bank of the river and fought their way through swampy areas and under constant threat of air strikes to the Dabie Mountains. On August 27, they were able to set up a new base there - an achievement that has since been canonized in the propaganda of the Communist Party as the “10,000 Li March to the Dabie Mountains”. From this base, the communist troops threatened the large and strategically important cities of Nanchang , Jiujiang and Wuhan , so that the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek had to create a new army to attack the base. The troops for this unit, commanded by Bai Chongxi , were withdrawn from other fronts, so that the communists in Hebei , Shandong and Manchuria regained the upper hand. The Bai army was unable to defeat the communists Lius, so the counterattack on the Dabie Mountains is seen as a turning point in the civil war.

literature

  • Jens Carsten Grimmer: Tectonics and thermochronology of the Yangtze foreland fold and thrust belt and its relationship to the Qinling-Dabie orogen, East China. Diss. TU Freiberg 2002. (online)
  • JC Grimmer, R. Jonckheere, E. Enkelmann, L. Ratschbacher , BR Hacker, AE Blythe, G. Wagner, Q. Wu, S. Liu, S. Dong: Cretaceous-Cenozoic history of the southern Tan-Lu fault zone: apatite fission-track and structural constraints from the Dabie Shan (eastern China). In: Tectonophysics. Volume 359, 2002, pp. 225-253.
  • JC Grimmer, L. Ratschbacher, MO McWilliams, L. Franz, I. Gaitzsch, M. Tichomirowa, BR Hacker, Y. Zhang: When did the ultrahigh-pressure rocks reach the surface? A 207Pb / 206Pb zircon, 40Ar / 39Ar white mica, and Si-in white mica, single-grain provenance study of Dabie Shan synorogenic foreland sediments. In: Chemical Geology. Volume 197, 2003, pp. 87-110.
  • L. Ratschbacher, BR Hacker, LE Webb, M. McWilliams, T. Ireland, S. Dong, A. Calvert, D. Chateigner, H.-R. Wenk: Exhumation of the ultrahigh-pressure continental crust in east-central China: Cretaceous and Cenozoic unroofing and the Tan-Lu fault. In: J. Geophys. Res. Vol. 105, No. B6, 2000, pp. 13.303-13,338.
  • L. Ratschbacher, BR Hacker, A. Calvert, LE Webb, JC Grimmer, MO McWilliams, T. Ireland, S. Dong, J. Hu: Tectonics of the Qinling (Central China): tectonostratigraphy, geochronology, and deformation history. In: Tectonophysics. Volume 366, 2003, pp. 1-53.

Web links

Commons : Dabie Shan  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 六安 大别山 国家 地质 公园 --- 白马 尖.霍山 县 人民政府, September 27, 2010, accessed July 30, 2019 (Chinese).
  2. ↑ opus.kobv.de
  3. ↑ a b Christopher R. Lew, Edwin Pak-wah Leung: Historical dictionary of the Chinese Civil War . 2nd Edition. Scarecrow Press, Lanham 2013, ISBN 978-0-8108-7874-7 , pp. 49-50 .
  4. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov, Steven I. Levine: Deng Xiaoping, a revolutionary life . Oxford University Press, New York 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-062367-8 , pp. 128-133 .