Dacrycarpus compactus
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Dacrycarpus compactus is a conifer from the genus of the warthog ( Dacrycarpus ) in the family of the stone slab family (Podocarpaceae). The natural range of the species is in New Guinea , where it occurs in the highlands. It is listed on the IUCN Red List as not endangered.
features
Dacrycarpus compactus grows as dioecious , evergreen , up to 20 meters high tree . The trunk is upright or twisted and can reach a chest height diameter of up to 60 centimeters. Buttress roots are rarely formed. The trunk bark is warty, dark brown and gray when exposed to the weather. It peels off in small plates or strips and then reveals the reddish bark underneath. The treetop is initially conical and, when the trees are fully grown, is open and irregular. The branches are thin, horizontal or pointing upwards and crooked. Dense, flat tufts of twigs grow at their ends and are densely covered with leaves.
Twigs and needles
The leaves are the same shape on all branches. They are spirally arranged, needle-shaped, more or less flattened on both sides, curved inwards, clearly keeled on the underside, 1.6 to 3 millimeters long, 0.6 to 1 millimeters wide and pointed. Needles of adult trees are similar to those of young trees, but they are slightly wider and short at the base. Both sides of the needle form stomata which, however, remain restricted to the base of the needle on the underside. On the top of the needle, they grow in two or more rows to near the tip.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow at the end of short or long shoots over needle-shaped leaves. They are initially almost spherical, but later elongate and are 8 to 10 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide when fully grown. The microsporophylls are yellow, have a yellow to reddish, pointed end, are 1.5 to 2 millimeters long, 0.5 millimeters wide and each have two protruding pollen sacs .
The seed cones grow individually at the ends of short shoots, on which 1.6 to 3 millimeters long, curved, needle-shaped leaves grow. The podocarpium is enclosed by leaves that are 5 to 7 millimeters long, reaching down to the seed, but not enclosing it. The ripe podocarpium is 4 to 5 millimeters long, warty, initially green and later dark red in color. Usually only one, rarely two seeds are formed per podocarpium. The ripe seeds, together with the smooth, green to dark red Epimatium, are 6 to 8 millimeters long, making them the largest in the genus Dacrycarpus . They end in a protruding, curved point.
Distribution and ecology
The natural range is in the highlands of New Guinea and ranges from the central Irian Jaya , which belongs to Indonesia, to the Owen Stanley Mountains near Port Moresby , the capital of Papua New Guinea . It lies at altitudes from 2800, mostly from 3000 to 4300 meters. The climate is cool, foggy and humid and shows only slight seasonal differences. It is assigned to winter hardiness zone 9 with mean annual minimum temperatures between −6.6 ° and −1.2 ° Celsius (20 to 30 ° Fahrenheit ).
The species replaces Dacrycarpus cinctus , a warty disk that occurs at lower altitudes in New Guinea , at altitudes of around 3400 meters . Hybridization occurs in the broad, but only slightly overgrown, overlapping area of the two species . Dacrycarpus compactus grows in sub-alpine bushes and on the edges of alpine grassland, which is dominated by Schmiels of the species Deschampsia klossii . Individual specimens can also be found scattered in the grassland, as older trees are relatively resistant to steppe fires. Dacrycarpus compactus is found more frequently in coniferous forests in the high mountains together with Papuacedrus papuana and various types of stone slab ( Posdocarpus spp.), In low-growing, mossy forests and in bushes in peaty , moist grassland, it can form the dominant tree species.
Hazard and protection
Dacrycarpus compactus was classified as Least Concern by the IUCN in the Red List in 2013 . The species is widespread and common. The distribution area is difficult to access and only very limitedly affected by human activities, such as mining. Otherwise the trees at lower altitudes are only used locally to use the wood in the village environment. Several occurrences exist in protected areas.
Systematics and Etymology
Dacrycarpus compactus is a species from the genus of the warthog ( Dacrycarpus ) in the family of the stone disks (Podocarpaceae). It was first described by Jacob Wasscher in Blumea in 1941 as Podocarpus compactus ( Basionym ) and thus assigned to the genus of stone slices ( Podocarpus ). David John de Laubenfels placed it in 1969 as Dacrycarpus compactus in the newly established genus Dacrycarpus . A synonym is Bracteocarpus compactus (Wasscher) AVBobrov & Melikyan .
The generic name Dacrycarpus comes from the Greek, dakryon means "tear" and karpos stands for "fruit". The specific epithet compactus refers to the dense and compact foliage of older trees.
use
The wood is of good quality, but the trees do not grow to great heights, rarely grow straight and the deposits are difficult to access. The economic importance is therefore low. The species is not used in gardens or forestry.
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5 , pp. 317, 319-320 .
- James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 235 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 319.
- ↑ a b c d James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World , p. 235.
- ↑ a b c Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 320.
- ↑ Dacrycarpus compactus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2014 Posted by: A. Farjon, 2011. Accessed August 3, 2014.
- ↑ Dacrycarpus compactus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Podocarpus compactus. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved August 10, 2014 .
- ↑ Dacrycarpus compactus. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved August 3, 2014 .
- ↑ Dacrycarpus compactus. In: The Plant List. Retrieved August 3, 2014 .
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 317.
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Dacrycarpus compactus. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, March 26, 2013, accessed on August 3, 2014 .
- Dacrycarpus compactus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 3, 2014.