Scrooge from Pisa

Dagobert (also Daimbert , Diabertus, Daiberto Lanfranchi ; † June 15, 1107 in Messina ) was Archbishop of Pisa from 1088 to 1099 and Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1102 .

Early life and Bishop of Pisa

Little is known about his early life. Apparently he received his ordination originally from Wezilo , Archbishop of Mainz (1084-1088), a supporter of the emperor and his antipope Clement III. in the investiture dispute . Wezilo had been excommunicated in April 1085 for simony , which is why the validity of Dagobert's priestly ordination was in question. Dagobert had meanwhile turned to the papal camp around Margravine Mathilde von Tuszien , which is why he was able to achieve in 1088 that Pope Urban II renewed his priestly ordination and made him Bishop of Pisa. In 1092 Urban raised the diocese of Pisa to an archbishopric and Dagobert to the first archbishop of Pisa at the suggestion of Mathildes von Tuszien.

In 1095 he accompanied Pope Urban II on his journey through Italy and France, and so took part in the Synod of Piacenza and the Synod of Clermont , where Urban II called for the First Crusade . He then returned to Pisa where he preached for the crusade with great success.

In 1098 Urban II sent him as a legate to the court of King Alfonso VI. of Castile and León , where Dagobert did a great job organizing the Church in the lands recently conquered by the Moors .

Legate of the First Crusade

After Urban II received the news that his legate of the First Crusade, Adhemar de Monteil , had died in Antioch in August 1098 , he appointed Dagobert as his successor. Before the end of 1098, Dagobert left Pisa for the Holy Land . He was accompanied by a Pisan pirate fleet that carried out robberies on the islands of Corfu , Leukas , Kephalonia , Zante and Cyprus, which belong to the Byzantine Empire , and was only barely able to evade capture by the Byzantine fleet.

When Dagobert reached the Syrian coast in autumn 1099, the crusade army had already taken Jerusalem and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Bohemond of Taranto had established a principality in Antioch and was in the process of besieging the Byzantine port city of Latakia from the land side. Dagobert was easily persuaded by him to seal off the city with the Pisan fleet from the sea. With this he aroused the displeasure of the crusader princes Raymond of Toulouse , Robert of Normandy and Robert of Flanders , who were currently encamped in Jabla , who did not want to endanger the alliance with Byzantium, ordered Dagobert to Jabla and convinced him to withdraw the fleet from Latakia. Without sea support, Bohemond also had to give up the siege. Raimund and the two Roberts, on the other hand, moved into Latakia, where they confirmed the alliance of the Crusaders with Byzantium and boarded Byzantine ships to Constantinople, the first leg of their journey home.

Dagobert then traveled first to Bohemond in Antioch and then in late autumn together with him, who still had to fulfill his crusade oath, to Jerusalem. Under the protection of the Pisan fleet, they marched along the coast and reached Jerusalem on December 21, 1099.

Patriarch of Jerusalem

After he had spent the Christmas days in Bethlehem, Dagobert had the unccanonically elected Patriarch Arnulf von Chocques , whose patron Robert from Normandy was on his way home to Normandy, deposed and elected himself Patriarch of Jerusalem. He immediately accepted the homage from Bohemond and from Godfried von Bouillon , the first regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem , who had however refused the royal dignity, and enfeoffed them with the areas of Antioch and Jerusalem. Baldwin of Boulogne, on the other hand, refused to pay homage to the county of Edessa .

With significantly greater determination than his predecessor, he insisted on the suzerainty of the Holy See over the Holy Land vis-à-vis Gottfried . He took up again the widespread public opinion that the Kingdom of Jerusalem had to be a patrimony of the church and asked Gottfried to hand over the kingdom to him. At his insistence, Gottfried had to hand over the Jerusalem Citadel of David to him at Easter 1100 and promise to hand over Jerusalem and the still-to-be-conquered Jaffa to the Church as soon as Gottfried died or two other large cities of the Gentiles had been conquered, which he should receive as a replacement. The plans for conquest did not come about because Gottfried died shortly afterwards, in July 1100, while Dagobert was in the army that was besieging Jaffa.

A number of northern French and Lorraine nobles took advantage of Scrooge's absence, occupied the David's citadel and served Gottfried's brother Baldwin of Boulogne the royal office. When the population enthusiastically welcomed Baldwin, who arrived in Jerusalem from Edessa on November 9, and he assumed the title of king on November 11, Dagobert withdrew from his palace in Jerusalem to a monastery on Mount Zion . In mid-December 1100 he made peace with Baldwin and returned to Jerusalem, but had to give up his plans to establish a theocracy in Jerusalem. On Christmas Day 1100 Dagobert crowned Baldwin king in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. In return, Baldwin recognized Dagobert as patriarch and received the kingdom from him as a papal fiefdom.

In the meantime, complaints about the election of Scrooge had reached Rome and the new Pope Paschal II had sent Cardinal Bishop Moritz von Porto to investigate the matter. He arrived in Jerusalem at Easter 1101, whereupon Baldwin promptly accused Dagobert of the conspiracy with Bohemond and the attempted murder of Baldwin. The charges were dropped a little later when Dagobert left the king a "donation" of 300 gold Byzantines from the church treasury. In the period that followed, Baldwin's Dagobert was harassed for money in front of the legate and denounced for accumulating wealth, while the king was embarrassed about financing and feeding the army. When Dagobert accepted a donation from Prince Roger of Apulia for 1000 gold Byzantines in the autumn of 1101, one third of which was intended for the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, one third for the hospital and one third for the king for his army, Dagobert was ill-considered enough to keep this to yourself. When the matter became apparent, Moritz von Porto temporarily deposed him at Baldwin's instigation. Under the pretext that Rome should be notified, Baldwin left the patriarchal chair vacant. But the king had his officials search the treasury of the patriarch, who found 20,000 gold Byzantines there, which Dagobert had been able to hide from the king's access until then. Moritz von Porto took over the office of patriarch, but died in the spring of 1102. Dagobert, however, went into exile via Jaffa to Antioch, where Tankred von Tiberias accepted him and made the St. George's Church available to him. After Baldwin lost the First Battle of Ramla and asked Tankred for help, Tankred got Baldwin to agree to Scrooge's reinstatement. In those days, however, a new papal legate, Robert of Paris , arrived in Jerusalem, who insisted that the matter of Dagobert's deposition be properly settled in a synod under his chairmanship. The synod was held in 1102 in Jerusalem's Church of the Holy Sepulcher . The prosecutors secretly followed Arnulf von Chocques' instructions and brought three charges against Dagobert: he had attacked his Christian brothers on the Ionian Islands on his journey to Palestine; he had tried to instigate Bohemond into a civil war against Baldwin; and that he embezzled funds intended for the pilgrims in the hospital and the warriors of Christ. Dagobert was relieved of his office and went back into exile in Antioch. In 1104 Dagobert took part in the Battle of Harran in the Antiochene retinue .

When Bohemund traveled to southern Italy in 1105, Dagobert took the opportunity to accompany him. From southern Italy, Dagobert went to Rome to submit his complaints against his removal to the Pope. After some investigations, Pope Paschal II actually declared the deposition of Dagobert invalid because it had been carried out through the influence of secular authorities. During the return journey to the patriarchal throne in Jerusalem, however, Dagobert died on June 15, 1107 in Messina. He was succeeded as patriarch by Ghibelin of Arles .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See P. Skinner, p. 158
2. ↑ See Joseph Lins: Mainz. In: The Catholic Encyclopedia. Volume 9, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1910 ( online here ).
3. ↑ See P. Skinner, pp. 157-162
4. ↑ See P. Skinner, p. 162
5. ↑ ^{a b} See S. Runciman, p. 286
6. ↑ See S. Runciman, p. 276
7. ↑ See S. Runciman, pp. 286-287
8. ↑ See S. Runciman, pp. 287-288
9. ↑ See S. Runciman, pp. 289-291
10. ↑ ^{a b} See S. Runciman, p. 292
11. ↑ See S. Runciman, p. 294
12. ↑ See S. Runciman, p. 302
13. ↑ See S. Runciman, p. 312
14. ↑ See S. Runciman, p. 354
15. ↑ See S. Runciman, pp. 391-392
16. ↑ ^{a b} See S. Runciman, p. 392
17. ↑ ^{a b c} See S. Runciman, p. 393
18. ↑ See S. Runciman, pp. 393-394
19. ↑ See S. Runciman, p. 348
20. ↑ See S. Runciman, p. 354
21. ↑ See S. Runciman, pp. 394-395

literature

• Steven Runciman : History of the Crusades. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3406399606 (original title: The History of the Crusades ).
• Michael Matzke : Daibert of Pisa. Between Pisa, Pope and the first crusade. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1998, ISBN 3-7995-6754-2 .
• Patricia Skinner : From Pisa to the Patriarchate. Chapters in the Life of (Arch) bishop Daibert. In: Patricia Skinner: Challenging the Boundaries of Medieval History. The Legacy of Timothy Reuter. Brepols, Turnhout 2009, ISBN 978-2-503-52359-0 .

predecessor	Office	successor
Gerardus	Bishop of Pisa 1088-1092	---
---	Archbishop of Pisa 1092-1099	Pietro Moriconi
Arnulf of Chocques	Patriarch of Jerusalem 1099–1102	Ehremar
Ehremar	Patriarch of Jerusalem 1102–1107	Ghibelin from Arles