Arboretum
An arboretum ( Latin subsidiary form to arbustum here specifically in the sense of '[tree] planting'; from arbor 'tree') is a collection of different, often exotic, woody plants (not growing in planters) ; this can be, for example, a botanical garden in which mainly trees and bushes are planted. One speaks of a fruticetum if only bushes are planted. If only conifers are planted in an arboretum , it is called a pinetum . In Russian-speaking areas, the term dendrarium (from ancient Greek δένδρον déndron , German “tree” ) is used instead of “arboretum” . An orangery houses frost-sensitive tree species in winter, which are planted in pots so that they can be transported.
After the eleventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica of 1911, the term was first used by John Claudius Loudon in a book on trees in 1838.
An important arboretum rich in rare trees, including foreign trees, which has now disappeared, was soon created in Germany by Eduard Petzold as park director for Prince Wilhelm Friedrich Karl of Orange-Nassau in Muskau (cf. his work Arboretum Muscaviense ).
Exemplary arboretums
Today's largest forest arboretum in terms of area is located in the Burgholz state forest in the urban area of Wuppertal . There, trees from three continents on around 250 hectares are examined for their environmental compatibility and their growth behavior in the Central European climate zone.
A smaller collection can be found in the Arboretum Neuss . The arboretum in the Uerdingen city park in Krefeld houses a larger collection (around 70 different tree species) . The Rombergpark , an old botanical garden and landscape park, is located in the Ruhr area in the south of Dortmund city center .
In Bad Grund on the edge of the Harz Mountains , the state of Lower Saxony has been operating a test facility on around 100 hectares since 1975 with around 600 species of wood that have been identified as origin in order to observe their growth characteristics. The WeltWald Harz (formerly Arboretum Bad Grund) belongs to the jurisdiction of the Riefensbeek Forestry Office . The arboretum is open to the public and is a tourist attraction, especially in autumn due to the intense color of the leaves.
In Ellerhoop there is an arboretum with over 4,000 tree and plant species on 17.3 hectares.
The Trsteno Arboretum near the city of Dubrovnik in Croatia , which is said to have existed since 1492, is considered the oldest arboretum in the world .
The Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe near Kassel is home to an extensive collection of trees and bushes that goes back in particular to the late 18th century, when the Bergpark was redesigned based on the English landscape park. In 1777 329 species were counted, 128 of them from North America.
An arboretum from the time of Austria-Hungary is located in Arco in what is now Trentino, Italy . The North Polish Arboretum Wirty was founded in 1875 and emerged from the West Prussian Royal Forest Wirthy . The dendrarium in Sochi (Russia) has also existed since the end of the 19th century with a population of around 1,600 subtropical plants.
In the French part of Switzerland , the first arboretum in Switzerland is located in Aubonne , which was founded in 1963. The arboretum is open to the public all year round. The Swiss Library for Dendrology has also been located here since 2002 .
See also
Web links
- Website of the Society Deutsches Arboretum e. V.
- Swiss Dendrological Library
- Directory of arboretums in Germany
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges : Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary . 8th, improved and increased edition. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1918 ( zeno.org [accessed on May 13, 2019]).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges : Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary . 8th, improved and increased edition. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1918 ( zeno.org [accessed on May 13, 2019]).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges : Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary . 8th, improved and increased edition. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1918 ( zeno.org [accessed on May 13, 2019]).
- ^ Wilhelm Pape , Max Sengebusch (arrangement): Concise dictionary of the Greek language . 3rd edition, 6th impression. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914 ( zeno.org [accessed on May 13, 2019]).
- ↑ See Arboretum Bad Grund
- ↑ Directory by Chr. H. Böttger, sentence after Alfred Hoffmann, Herrmann Mielke: Kassel - Schlosspark Wilhelmshöhe - trees and bushes. ed. vd Administration of the State Palaces and Gardens of Hesse. 3rd revised edition. Bad Homburg 1994, p. 6.
