Sequoia farm Kaldenkirchen

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Entrance area of ​​the Sequoia farm
60-year-old giant sequoia in the sequoia farm test facility (2010)
58-year-old group of trees of Sequoia sempervirens in the farm area (2010)
Giant sequoia trees in the Sequoia farm

The Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen is a 35,635 m² (≈ 3.6 hectare ) arboretum in the Kaldenkirchener Grenzwald in the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Nettetal . The first systematic cultivation of all three species of sequoia in Europe took place here in the mid-20th century. The site was used by universities and as a biological station for several years and has belonged to the non-profit organization "Sequoiafarm" since 2013.

history

The dentist and dendrologist couple Illa and Ernst J. Martin laid in 1946 near the Dutch border near Kaldenkirchen at 50  m above sea level. NHN opened a forest biology garden and raised 1500 seedlings of the mountain sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) there and in a nearby 1.4 hectare test area in 1952 , the seeds of which the two had received from the USA. The aim was to research whether this tree, which was native here before the Ice Age, could be reintroduced into German forestry . In addition to a pure stand, the trees of which had reached a height of approx. 35 m in 2011, there was a stand with natural companions of the mountain sequoia, including Abies grandis , Abies concolor var. Lowiana and Douglas firs, in a test area outside the farm area . The project was supported by the German Research Foundation and met with great interest in dendrological circles, particularly in England and the USA. In the years up to 1967 approx. 35,000 mountain sequoias went to private and forest areas. A part of the pure stand was observed and evaluated as a test area for the creation of yield tables by the State Institute for Ecology, Land Management and Forests of North Rhine-Westphalia (formerly: LÖLF). Since there was hardly any experience with the sowing and planting of Sequoiadendron giganteum , growth conditions were researched here: damming moisture caused botrytis , shading caused the seedlings to wither and the rapid root growth (up to 50 cm in one year) gave rise to spiral roots in the planters Kernel root choked off.

The two dendrologists made further experiments with the cultivation of the coastal redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ), the primeval sequoia ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ) and numerous pseudo-beech and pine species. A relatively frost-tolerant selection was made from the coastal sequoia seeds of the high-altitude northern Californian " Schenck Grove". More than 13,000 pieces were given to forestry offices, scientists, tree nurseries, etc. for test purposes. In 1953 a Sequoia sempervirens grove was created; the trees reached a height of more than 35 meters in 2011. These are in a mixed stand with Cryptomeria japonica . This group of trees is one of the most important coastal sequoia stocks north of the Alps, along with the larger Sequoia sempervirens occurrence in the Burgholz state forest . Two cultivars developed from the Martin selection: the varieties Sequoia sempervirens 'Martin' and Sequoia sempervirens 'Les Barres' (the latter was created in the French national arboretum of the same name from offspring of a Martin tree in the Mönchengladbach Botanical Garden and is considered particularly frost-hardy). Erik Martin , the founder's son, worked for the Sequoia farm until his death in April 2017.

Visitors to Urweltmammutbaum-Allee

use

Over the years, the park - now known as the Sequoia farm - has been constantly expanded, so that it has developed into an arboretum that has meanwhile received much attention, which around 1967 had more than 600 types of wood with a varied flora and one of the attractions of the Maas-Schwalm Nature Park. Nice was. Since the area was neglected for a long time, only about 400 types of wood are preserved today.

After the death of Ernst J. Martin , the state of North Rhine-Westphalia took over the facility in 1970. The Pedagogical University of Rhineland initially used it for study purposes, later it was scientifically supervised as a biological station by the University of Cologne . From 1987 to 2007 the University of Essen had usage rights. The Sequoia farm was taken over in 1988 by Stadtwerke Nettetal, which began to put the area back in order in 2009. The woody stock was cataloged and provided with a new signage system in 2011/2012. The arboretum has belonged to the non-profit organization "Sequoiafarm eV" since 2013. The site can be visited from April to October on Sundays and public holidays as well as on the days of the open garden gate and is also accessible to visiting groups (with a guide) after registration.

Existence of sequoias (sequoias) and varieties

Tree species Scientific name origin image
Coast redwood , coastal sequoia Sequoia sempervirens Western USA (Pacific Coast) Coast redwood
Mountain sequoia, giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum Western USA ( Sierra Nevada ) Mountain sequoia
Ancient sequoia , Chinese redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides Central China (Sichuan, Hubei ) Primeval sequoia

On the site there are also Sequoiadendron giganteum compactum , Sg glaucum , Sg pendulum as well as very young specimens of Sg 'Powdered Blue' , Sg 'Philip Curtis' , Sg 'Blauer Eichzwerg' , Sg 'Beautiful Jop' , Sg 'Exceptionally' Blue ' and Sg' Pygmaeum ' .
In addition to a solitary Sequoia sempervirens as a Zwiesel tree with a chest circumference of 3.87 m at a height of 1.30 m (2013) there is a Sequoia sempervirens adpressa and in the cultivar garden a young Ss' Cantab ' , Ss' Winter blue' , Ss' Korbel KT ' and Ss' Filoli' .

Other conifers (selection)

Tree species Scientific name origin image
Colorado fir , gray fir Abies concolor Western north america Colorado fir
Sierra fir (Champion tree = largest specimen in Germany) Abies concolor var. Lowiana Western north america Sierra fir
Coast fir , giant fir Abies grandis Western north america Coastal fir
Frankincense Cedar , California River Cedar Calocedrus decurrens Western USA Incense cedar
Skewer Cunninghamia lanceolata South asia Skewer
China cypress Glyptostrobus pensilis China China cypress
Japanese larch Larix Kaempferi Japan (Central Honshu ) Japanese larch
Mexican Weymouth Pine ( Champion Tree = largest specimen in Germany ) Pinus ayacahuite Mexico, Guatemala Mexican white pine
Maritime pine , maritime pine Pinus pinaster Western Mediterranean Maritime Pine
White pine Pinus strobus East North America White pine
Teardrop pine , Wallich pine, Himalayan pine Pinus wallichiana Himalayas Lacrimal jaw
Taiwanie Taiwania cryptomerioides Taiwan Taiwanie
Giant tree of life Thuja plicata Western north america Giant tree of life
Hiba tree of life Thujopsis dolabrata Japan Hiba tree of life
South Japanese hemlock Tsuga Sieboldii Japan, South Korea South Japanese hemlock
Wollemia Wollemia nobilis Australia Wollemia

Deciduous trees (selection)

Tree species Scientific name origin image
Red Japanese maple Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum' Cultivated form (East Asia) Red Japanese maple
Red-nerved snakeskin maple Acer rufinerve Japan Red-nerved snakeskin maple
Tree of gods , tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima China, North Vietnam Tree of gods
Fortunes Kopfeibe Cephalotaxus fortunei Northern Myanmar, Eastern China Fortunes Kopfeibe
Japanese head pulp Cephalotaxus harringtonia Japan Japanese head pulp
Japanese cake tree , Japanese katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Japan Japanese cake tree
Losbaum Clerodendrum trichotomum East asia Losbaum
Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera North America Tulip tree
Kobushi magnolia Magnolia kobus Japan Kobushi magnolia
Pellin beech (largest specimen in Germany) Nothofagus obliqua Chile, Argentina Pellin beech
Tupelo tree Nyssa sylvatica East North America Tupelo tree
Parrotia , Persian ironwood tree Parrotia persica Northern Iran, Caucasus Parrotia
Szechuan Pepper, Japanese Pepper, Toothache Wood Zanthoxylum simulans Central China Toothache wood

Others

  • There is a geo-hydrological water garden opposite the entrance to the Sequoia farm.
  • In the magazine "Wandermagazin" 2016, a German hiking association named the "Galgen venn " circuit as the second most beautiful hiking trail in Germany. The start is at the hiking restaurant of the same name, the 11 km tour crosses the Dutch border.

literature

  • Volker André Bouffier, Klaus-Dietrich Gandert (editor): Contributions to wood science 2011 . Hansmann, Hemmingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-9804283-4-7
  • Helge Breloer : In memory of the Sequoia farm in Kaldenkirchen . In: Baum-Zeitung . No. 1/1998. ISSN  0341-3624
  • Gregor Fellenberg: Recording and characterization of the woody stock of the Kaldenkirchen Biological Station . Thesis. University of Essen, 1994
  • Michael Geller, Volker André Bouffier: Coast redwoods in Germany - an inventory . In: Contributions to Wood Science 2011
  • Ado Lappen: The Sequoia farm in Nettetal-Kaldenkirchen . In: Contributions to Wood Science 2011 , Hansmann, Hemmingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-9804283-4-7
  • Ernst J. Martin: Sequoias in German forestry? In: Looking around in science and technology . Frankfurt 1954, ISSN  0041-6347
  • Ernst J. Martin: Sequoia - a wood history consideration . In: Holz-Zentralblatt No. 83. Stuttgart 1955, ISSN  0018-3792
  • Ernst J. Martin: The sequoia and their cultivation . In: Yearbook of the German Dendrological Society . No. 60. 1957/1958
  • Herbert Hubatsch: From the Sequoia farm to the biological station . In: Heimatbuch des Kreis Kempen-Krefeld , Kempen 1973
  • Hans Huth: Sequoias in Germany . In: Journal of Forest History , Volume 3, July 1976. Durham (USA), ISSN  0094-5080
Ernst J. Martin , founder of the Sequoia farm
Illa Martin , co-founder of the farm

Web links

Commons : Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Open garden gate 2011 . Schloss Dyck Foundation , Jüchen 2011
  2. ↑ sequoiafarm-kaldenkirchen.de
  3. ↑ Arthur Lange: Science as a hobby horse. Lay researchers - their achievements and their science . Holsten. Hamburg 1967
  4. ^ Ernst J. Martin: Sequoias in German forestry? In: "Looking around in science and technology". Frankfurt 1954. ISSN  0041-6347
  5. ^ Hans Huth: Sequoias in Germany . In: Journal of Forest History , Vol. 3, July 1976. Durham (USA), ISSN  0094-5080
  6. ^ Herbert Hubatsch: From the Sequoia farm to the biological station . In: Heimatbuch des Kreis Kempen-Krefeld , Kempen 1973
  7. ^ Ado Lappen: The Sequoia farm in Nettetal-Kaldenkirchen . In: Contributions to Wood Science 2011
  8. ↑ Illa Martin: The coastal redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ) and its cultivation in Germany . In: Yearbook of the German Dendrological Society . Vol. 77, pp. 57-104. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8001-8310-2
  9. ^ Michael Geller, Volker André Bouffier: Coast redwoods in Germany - an inventory , page 40. In: Contributions to woody studies 2011
  10. ↑ http://mbreg.de/wiki/index.php/Sequoiafarm_Kaldenkirchen
  11. ^ Herbert Hubatsch: From the Sequoia farm to the biological station . In: Heimatbuch des Kreis Kempen-Krefeld . Kempen 1973
  12. ↑ Manfred Krause: Sequoia farm on the Lower Rhine is becoming an Eldorado for scientists at the University of Essen . In: WAZ of July 30, 1988
  13. ^ Ado Lappen: The Sequoia farm in Nettetal-Kaldenkirchen . In: Contributions to Wood Science 2011
  14. ↑ https://www.ddg-web.de/index.php/rekordbaeume.html
  15. ↑ http://www.championtrees.de/5403879d900fef223/5403879d9c0fe7a01/index.html
  16. ↑ http://www.championtrees.de/liste-deutschland/deutschland-lp/index.html
  17. ↑ Open daily from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. from spring to the end of October (as of early 2017).

Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 32.4 "  N , 6 ° 10 ′ 20.1"  E