Wirty
Wirty (German Wirthy ) is a settlement of the Schulzenamt ( sołectwo ) Borzechowo (German Bordzichow ) in the northern Polish rural community Zblewo (German Hochstüblau ) in the powiat Starogardzki of the Pomeranian Voivodeship . Wirty is best known today for its arboretum , which goes back to the Prussian royal forests of Wirthy.
Geographical and natural location
Wirty is located about 6 kilometers southeast of Zblewo, 14 kilometers southwest of Starogard Gdański (German Prussian Stargard ) and 56 kilometers south of Danzig . The small settlement is located in the western Vistula region on the Baltic ridge on the edge of the Tucheler Heide , a typical soft-glacial sand surface .
history
Wirthy was part of the historical province of West Prussia .
Wirthy forest estate
According to the West Prussian pastor and historian Bernhard Stadié, there was a royal chief forester's office in the Wirthy Forest , to which the Kaliska forestry establishment also belonged. The legend of the Wild Jäger , which Baron Wilhelm JA von Tettau and Joducus Dedatus Hubertus Temme reproduced in their Prussian sagas , is linked to the nearby Bullerberg . In the West Prussian local directory listed as the forest district Wirthy , the place was assigned to the district of Prussian Stargard . In 1905 the settlement had 19 and 1910 75 inhabitants. The Polish name was Nadleśnictwo Jawornik, Jawornik from 1945 and Wirty since 1992. The Royal Forest Wirthy extended from the north over the Bordzichower Lakes (today Jezioro Borzechowskie Wielkie ) to the south to the Schwarzwasser , a left tributary of the Vistula. The forestry department itself was north of the lakes and north of Bordzichow.
Arboretum Wirty
→ Main article: Arboretum Wirty
In the middle of the 19th century, a tree nursery for fruit trees and bushes was set up in the Wirty Forest District . In 1867 Adam Puttrich took office as the royal chief forester , who planted the first exotic trees in the mid-1870s. The Arboretum Wirty emerged from the cultures. Since the year of the first planting can no longer be traced exactly, the year 1875 is considered the year the arboretum was founded. In the mid-1880s, Puttrich started working closely with Adam Schwappach . Schwappach, among other things a professor at the Eberswalde Forest Academy and department head at the Prussian main station for forestry research, was testing the introduction of non-local, mainly North American trees on test areas in East Prussia . Puttrich and Schwappach created thirty test areas in Wirty.
Today's arboretum gathers over 700 different tree and shrub species on an area of 33.61 hectares . In the 1990s, additional species , mainly from the Far East , were planted. The natural science study and rearing center, teaching and recreation area and numerous nature trails with information boards focus on training and teaching ecological aspects.
The Royal Forest of Wirthy in literature
The writer Elisabeth Siewert (1867–1930), who was born on the nearby Budda estate , set a scene from her novel The Adventures of Oijamitza , which takes place in the last quarter of the 19th century, in the forest. The 16-year-old daughter of the landowner Luise, called Baßling Oijamitza by the robber , had broken out of the conventions of manor life and joined the robber in search of herself and the (supposed) great wild freedom. On a foray through the woods, Baßling noticed:
“ As far as I can find my way around: we are in Klein-Wirthy, which is a plant garden in the forest, near a fort house, an area with promenades, squares, benches, pretty grounds and lakeside grounds. People go out here, they celebrate parties. Yes, everything here is human care and indulgence. The aroma of social activity hangs in the bushes. Strange, even on the bush island over there is a white bench, intended for civilized lovers who do not prefer to lie on the womb of the earth to find their destiny. As a lovely surprise, the second roses bloomed on duly wide bushes alongside spindle tree , hornbeam and oak short stature. Fruit trees hung with flashing red apples and rust-brown or green pears stood between the forest brothers like festive figures. "
At the lake a pageant of the forest society approached:
“Of all the people in society that could be seen, of all the stateliness, splendor, dignity, the grotesque and the beauty, one figure remained in Oijamitza's sense: a slim, delicate-faced girl […]. […] That she was the bride, walking so cheerfully by the hand of the extremely pleasant, intelligent and fresh-looking forest official, her bridegroom, was made known without further ado. The tasteful grounds of Klein-Wirthy, the mild, white-blinking lake, the graceful branches of the river bank between which its tide blinked like a star, the dreamy forest trees separated on the islands, the happy fruit trees in the pine district, the second elegant roses attached to the bushes, everything around willingly paid homage and declared enthusiastically: You dear, good pure bride, are the goal of our expression. A mile-wide area of blessings and participation and imagination is gathering around your head, you bride, we can feel that. "
At the end of the novella, Elisabeth Siewert ascribes the leadership of a group of persecutors to the handsome young forest clerk ( that forest clerk and groom from the parade in Klein-Wirthy ), who confronts the robber and finally shoots him in front of the girl, making Luise-Oijamitza's dreams finally failed.
literature
- Urszula Nawrocka-Grześkowiak, Władysław Bugała: Przewodnik po ogrodzie botanicznym arboretum Wirty. Część pakowa . Wirty 2010 ISBN 978-83-62327-00-3 ( pdf ; Polish, summary p. 53f German)
- Elisabeth Siewert : The adventures of the Oijamitza . In: The Sumbuddawald . Novellas. Ring-Verlag, Berlin 1928, pp. 7-118.
- Bernhard Stadié : The district of Stargard in West Prussia in historical terms from the oldest times until now. Part II: Historical notes about the individual villages in the district . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 72, Königsberg 1869, pp. 305, 715
Individual evidence
- ↑ Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal) ( Polish ) June 1, 2008. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
- ↑ Bernhard Stadié: The district of Stargard […] , p. 305, 317.
- ↑ Stadié's information on the book Prussian sagas should refer to: Wilhelm JA von Tettau, Joducus Dedatus Hubertus Temme: The folk tales of East Prussia, Lithuania and West Prussia . Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung , Berlin 1837 (reprint of the original: Salzwasser-Verlag , Paderborn 2013 ISBN 978-3846023686 ).
- ^ Family research in West Prussia. West Prussian place directory. Wirthy forest estate.
- ^ Measurement table sheet 2176 Lubichow (Lubichowo, sn 793.) 1: 25,000. Prussian land survey 1908, added: Top. Left.
- ↑ Urszula Nawrocka-Grześkowiak, Władysław Bugała: Przewodnik po ogrodzie […]. P. 53f (German).
- ^ Elisabeth Siewert: The adventures of the Oijamitza. P. 114ff.
Coordinates: 53 ° 53 ' N , 18 ° 27' E