Jezioro Borzechowskie Wielkie
| Jezioro Borzechowskie Wielkie | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| The lake in July 2007 | ||
| Geographical location | Pomeranian Voivodeship , Poland | |
| Drain | none | |
| Islands | three | |
| Places on the shore | Borzechowo (German Bordzichow ) | |
| Location close to the shore | Starogard Gdański (German Prussian Stargard ) | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 53 ° 53 '36 " N , 18 ° 23' 22" E | |
|
||
| Altitude above sea level | 101.2 m npm | |
| surface | 2.4 km² | |
| length | 6 km | |
| width | 1.5 km | |
| Maximum depth | 35-43 m | |
| Middle deep | 11 m | |
|
particularities |
The Arboretum Wirty is located on the lake |
|
The Jezioro Borzechowskie Wielkie (German: Großer Bordzichower See ) is a 239 hectare lake near Borzechowo (German including Bordzichow , Borzechow ) in the northern Polish rural community Zblewo (German Hochstüblau ) in the powiat Starogardzki of the Pomeranian Voivodeship . The Arboretum Wirty, founded in 1875, is located on the lake .
Location and natural space
The lake is located around 70 kilometers south of Danzig , 13 kilometers southwest of Starogard Gdański (German Prussian Stargard ) and 6 kilometers southeast of Zblewo. To the west lies the Jezioro Borzechowskie Małe ( Small Bordzichower Lake , around 21 hectares), on whose north bank Borzechowo borders. Both lakes are separated by a narrow dam, over which the Droga wojewódzka 214 ( Voivodeship road ) leads from Zblewo to the south towards Lubichowo (German Liebichau ). To the east, also separated by a narrow headland, the Jezioro Szteklin ( Steckliner See ) with the village of Szteklin (German: Stecklin I ) from the rural community of Lubichowo connects.
The water is surrounded by the forests of the former West Prussian Royal Forest Wirthy , which forms the northeastern branch of the Tucheler Heide , a typical Weichselglacial sand surface . The forest reached southwest to the Schwarzwasser , a left tributary of the Vistula . The area largely belongs to the western Vistula region on the Baltic ridge .
The lake and its islands
The glacial lake runs in an elongated, approximately six-kilometer arc from southwest to northeast. The greatest width is around 1.5 kilometers. The water level is around 102 meters above sea level . The area data vary between 237.7 and 240.0 hectares. The maximum depth is given partly as 35, partly as 43 meters. The mean depth was calculated to be 11 meters and the volume to be 27002.0 thousand m³. The lake is fed by smaller rivulets in the area, rainwater and groundwater , there is no runoff. After measurements in 1999, the water quality ( Klasyfikacja jakości wód ) was classified as water quality class I.
There are three islands in the lake. The largest island, Wyspa Starościnska ( Starosten Island ), has an area of four hectares and rises around ten meters above the water level.
climate
The lake lies in a flat to shallow undulating area with loamy-sandy, diluvial soils in the transition area between a mild maritime and continental climate . Sometimes very long and severe winters characterize the dry region with the low average rainfall of 600 mm / year. The average annual mean temperature is 6.7 ° C , the vegetation period is around 200 days a year.
history
The name of the lake was given by the town of Borzechowo , for which two derivatives are suggested:
- after the name of a previous knight family who owned the place and the suffix -owo ,
- from the Polish word bór (German Hochwald , Fichtenheide). The West Prussian pastor and historian Bernhard Stadié spoke out in favor of this derivation, which is supported by the location in the middle of the forest .
Castle and chapel on Starosten Island
According to Stadie, the old town of Borzechowo came into the possession of the Teutonic Knights on June 28, 1305 . At the time of Polish rule, it was the seat of a Starosten , whose castle was on the island in the lake (hence Starosten Island ). Debris from the building is still there today (2013). The island was connected to the land with a bridge that rested on yoke piles. In his time (1869) the piles were still visible. The saga Der Starost von Seekath goes back to the island , which Baron Wilhelm JA von Tettau and Joducus Dedatus Hubertus Temme reproduced in their Prussian sagas . In 1565 a Catholic chapel was built on the Starosten Island , but after its destruction it was relocated to the mainland with a new building from 1733.
Royal Forest Wirthy and Arboretum on the lake
According to Bernhard Stadié, there was a royal forest ranger's office in the Royal Forest of Wirthy , which lay north of the lake and whose stocks bordered on the lake. In the middle of the 19th century, a tree nursery for fruit trees and bushes was set up in the chief forestry department , from which the Arboretum Wirty emerged after the planting of exotic plants on several test areas, the year of which is set to be 1875. The arboretum today gathers over 700 different tree and shrub species on an area of 33.61 hectares . In the 1990s, additional species , mainly from the Far East , were planted. The natural science study, rearing and teaching center and numerous educational trails with information boards focus on training and teaching ecological aspects. In addition, the arboretum is designed as a recreation area, which in particular includes viewpoints to and paths on the lake.
On the occasion of its annual meeting in Gdańsk in 1911, the German Dendrological Society visited the arboretum. In the company's communications, the royal gardening inspector and managing director of the company Ludwig Beissner reported : The coffee was consumed on a plateau in the forest, in front of which the large Bordzichower lake spreads out with a forest frame, a wonderfully beautiful landscape […]. In the novella Die Abenteuer der Oijamitza , the writer Elisabeth Siewert, who was born on the nearby Budda estate, describes the pageant of a forest company in the last quarter of the 19th century and the tasteful facilities of Klein-Wirthy, de [n] mildly white-flashing [n] Lake, the nearby graceful branches of the bank, between which its tide blinked like a star, […].
Use and tourism
With its clear water, arboretum and wooded surroundings, Jezioro Borzechowskie Wielkie is now one of the main tourist attractions in the region.
literature
- Government and Forestry Council Herrmann, Danzig: Behavior and prosperity of foreign woody plants in West Prussia with special consideration of the trial areas in the Wirthy forestry department. In: Communications of the German Dendrological Society , 1911, editing: Graf von Schwerin , President of the Society; Submission: L. Beissner , Royal Garden Inspector, Managing Director of the company, pp. 115 to 135 ( online ).
- Józef Milewski: PRZEWODNIK; Borzechowo, Zblewo, Kaliska, Czarna Woda . Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze Stowarzy Szenie Wyższej Użyteczności Regionalna Pracownia-Krajoznawcza W Gdańsku, Danzig 1985. (Polish)
- Urszula Nawrocka-Grześkowiak, Władysław Bugała: Przewodnik po ogrodzie botanicznym arboretum Wirty. Część pakowa . Wirty 2010, ISBN 978-83-62327-00-3 ( pdf ; Polish, summary p. 53f German)
- Elisabeth Siewert : The adventures of the Oijamitza . In: The Sumbuddawald . Novellas. Ring-Verlag, Berlin 1928, pp. 7–118 (the book contains a total of three novellas by Siewert).
- Bernhard Stadié : The district of Stargard in West Prussia in historical terms from the oldest times until now. Part II: Historical notes about the individual villages in the district . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 72, Königsberg 1869, entry as Borzechow, p. 292
Web links
- Zblewo, Geography and Tourism (English)
- Leisure area website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Adam Choiński: Catalog jezior Polski . Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2006, p. 161. ISBN 83-232-1732-7 .
- ↑ a b c file: Mes table sheet Lubichow 1908 part Forst Wirthy.jpg - Königlicher Forst Wirthy and surroundings. Prussian land survey 1908, table sheet (1: 25,000).
- ↑ Road map PL003: Western Pomerania. Köslin - Stolp - Gdansk . 12th edition, Höfer Verlag, Dietzenbach 2012, ISBN 978-3-931103-14-9 , grid squares P9 to R9.
- ↑ Information from chief forester Marter, reproduced by: L (udwig Beißner), Bonn-Poppelsdorf: Annual meeting in Danzig and excursions from August 4 to 10, 1911. In it: Königlicher Forst Wirthy . In: Communications of the German Dendrological Society , 1911, editing: Graf von Schwerin , President of the Society; Submission: L (udwig) Beissner , Royal Garden Inspector, Managing Director of the company. P. 343ff see p. 344 online
- ^ Herrmann (Government and Forestry Council in Danzig): Behavior and prosperity of foreign woody plants [...] , pp. 123, 135 ( online )
- ↑ a b Urszula Nawrocka-Grześkowiak, Władysław Bugała: Przewodnik po ogrodzie […]. P. 53 (German).
- ↑ a b Bernhard Stadié: The district of Stargard […] , p. 292.
- ↑ Stadié's information on the book Prussian sagas should refer to: Wilhelm JA von Tettau, Joducus Dedatus Hubertus Temme: The folk tales of East Prussia, Lithuania and West Prussia. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung , Berlin 1837 (reprint of the original: Salzwasser-Verlag , Paderborn 2013, ISBN 978-3846023686 ).
- ^ L (Ludwig Beißner), Bonn-Poppelsdorf: Annual meeting in Danzig and excursions from August 4th to 10th, 1911. In it: Car ride through Wirthy . In: Communications of the German Dendrological Society , 1911, editing: Graf von Schwerin, President of the Society; Submission: L (udwig) Beissner, Royal Garden Inspector, Managing Director of the company. P. 346ff p. 346, online; Quote s. P. 350 .
- ^ Elisabeth Siewert : The adventures of the Oijamitza , p. 78.