German settlements in Australia
Germans also played a certain, albeit limited, part in the development of Australia. On the one hand, German researchers took part in the exploration of Australia in various ways, including the explorer Ludwig Leichhardt and the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller . On the other hand, German immigrants also came to the initially British colonies on the island continent, although their share here was significantly lower than, for example, in the United States of America. In 1861, of around one million people in Australia, around 27,000 identified themselves as Germans. In 2011, 898,700 people stated that they had German ancestors, making them the sixth largest ethnic group in Australia.
Settlement groups
The Prince George and Bengalee Group (November 1838)
The first Germans to settle in Australia as a closed group were Prussian Old Lutherans under the leadership of Pastor August Kavel . They arrived on the ships Prince George and Bengalee in Port Adelaide in 1838 and founded the settlement of Klemzig , six kilometers from Adelaide , which is now a suburb of it.
The Zebra Group (December 1838)
The next group arrived in Port Adelaide in December 1838 with the ship Zebra under Captain Dirk Meinhertz Hahn . Captain Hahn supported the group in acquiring the land in the Adelaide Hills , where they eventually settled and founded Hahndorf .
The Catharina Group (January 1839)
The last wave of emigrants for the time being arrived on the Catharina in January 1839 . This group settled mostly in Glen Osmond .
The Skjold Group (October 1841)
In 1840 a letter was sent to the Old Lutherans in Prussia to encourage others to emigrate and to ask for a second pastor. This group left the port of Hamburg-Altona for Australia on July 11, 1841 with the Danish three-masted barque Skjold . On October 28, 1841, they reached Port Adelaide in South Australia. Pastor Gotthard Fritzsche from Liebenwerda was on board and had been encouraged to accompany the emigrants. These emigrants founded Lobethal in the Adelaide Hills and Bethany in the Barossa Valley . Langmeil was founded in 1842.
This is followed by a list of settlements in Australia - until further notice only incomplete - which were founded by Germans, mostly settled or significantly shaped in their development.
Regional distribution
The regional breakdown is based on the current borders of the Australian states.
New South Wales (New South Wales)
- Walla Walla was founded in 1869 by German families from the Barrosa Valley.
Northern Territory (Northern Territory)
- Hermannsburg was founded in 1877 as a Lutheran mission station, but was abandoned by the Germans in 1891.
Queensland
- around 1860 Marburg
- 1864 Bethania (originally "Bethanien")
- around 1870 Minden
- around 1870 Haigslea (originally "Kirchheim")
- Prenzlau
South Australia (South Australia)
- Klemzig was founded in 1838 as the first German settlement in Australia by emigrants from Klemzig in Brandenburg .
- Point Misery was founded in 1838/1839 by Prussian Old Lutherans under Pastor Cavel / Kavel.
- Hahndorf was founded in 1839 by Prussian Old Lutherans under the leadership of the Danish captain Dirk Meinertz Hahn .
- Lobethal was founded in 1841 by 18 Prussian - Lutheran emigrant families in the hills of the Adelaide Hills . A few months earlier they had arrived in the port of Adelaide on October 28, 1841 on the emigrant ship Skjold , coming from Hamburg with Pastor Gotthard Daniel Fritzsche .
- 1848 Birdwood (originally "Blumberg")
- Verdun (originally "Grunthal")
Barossa Valley
The Barossa Valley, also known as "New Silesia", was a focal point of the early settlement of South Australia.
- 1841 Bethany (originally "Bethanien")
- 1843 Tanunda (originally "Langmeil")
- 1847 Hope Valley . The place was destroyed by flood and had to be abandoned.
- around 1850 Nuriootpa
- around 1850 Marananga (originally "Gnadenfrei")
- 1851 Seppeltsfield (named after the German founder Joseph Seppelt)
- Jumping tone
- Light Pass
- Krondorf
- Rosedale (originally "Rosenthal")
- Schoenborn (originally "Schönborn")
- Gomersal (originally "New Mecklenburg")
- Nain
- Grünberg
- Gnadenberg
- Keyneton (originally "North Rhine")
- Ebenezer
- Neukirch
Some of the above-mentioned places no longer exist, but numerous cemeteries testify to their existence.
Tasmania
- 1881 Collinsvale , first Sorell Creek , renamed "Bismarck" in 1891
Victoria
- Herrnhut (Victoria) , settlement near Penshurst founded in 1852 by a group of German immigrants around Johann Friedrich Krummnow as a commune . The settlement later fell back. In the present there are only ruins left.
- Gnadenthal , settlement founded by German-Sorbian Lutherans near Penshurst about two kilometers south of Herrnhut. The cemetery and some historical buildings still exist today.
- Hochkirch, 1853 by from the Oberlausitz derived sorbent as Bukecy community founded near Hamilton . The place was later renamed Tarrington .
See also
literature
- Appleton, Richard & Barbara: The Cambridge Dictionary of Australian Places . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992.
- Hoff, Edgar P .: Australia Handbook - Travel Know-How . Edgar Hoff Verlag, Rappweiler 2002.
- Luyken, Hans W .; Kramer, Detlef F .: Australia - travel guide with regional studies . Mai Verlag, Dreieich 1995.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013 . In: 2011 Census . Australian Bureau of Statistics . Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ↑ barossamuseum.com.au ( Memento of the original dated May 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Barossa Museum, History of Barossa , accessed November 30, 2011
