Peony

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Peony
Whiteclove (Dianthus gratianopolitanus)

Whiteclove
( Dianthus gratianopolitanus )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Caryophylloideae
Tribe : Caryophylleae
Genre : Carnations ( Dianthus )
Type : Peony
Scientific name
Dianthus gratianopolitanus
Vill.

The peony ( Dianthus gratianopolitanus ), also Grenoble carnation or rock nails , is a species of plant within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). It is mainly found in the low mountain ranges of Central and Western Europe.

description

The peonies are hibernating green, perennial herbaceous plants and reach heights of between 10 and 20 centimeters. It grows in dense lawns or loosely cushioned. The linear , 2 to 6 centimeters long leaves are blue-green and bare.

The flowering period extends from May to early July. The stems are usually single-flowered. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry with a diameter of 1.5 and 3 centimeters . The chalice is a total of 12 to 16 millimeters long and two to three times as long as the four to six pointed, scale-shaped chalice scales. The pink to light red petals are serrated and hairy on the throat.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 60 or 90.

ecology

The peony is a Chamaephyte . The whitefly is adapted to dry and hot locations due to the upholstery growth, small leaves covered with a wax layer and vascular bundles provided with stabilizing tissue ( xerophyte ). Only a few centimeters long roots are formed, which enables the pinto to grow on very shallow soils .

With its flower color and scent, the plant attracts butterflies in particular . The nectar-rich flowers of the peonies are pollinated by insects, especially butterflies. The diaspores are spread out by the wind.

Occurrence and endangerment

The whitefly is widespread mainly in the low mountain ranges of Central and Western Europe, from France to Poland. The main distribution is in the French, Swiss and German Jura. It is missing in the Alps. The populations of the peonies are usually very small (2 to 15 cushions). The species has a relict-like distribution and is absent from many potentially favorable locations. It grows mainly on rocks and in dry rock crevices, but also in dry and semi- arid grasslands, steppe heaths and in pine forests up to an altitude of 2200 meters. It prefers warm, dry, base-rich, lime-poor, humus-rich, shallow stone and rock soils, but also grows on lime , dolomite and molasses .

It is a character species of the Diantho-Festucetum in Central Europe.

The whitefly is endangered in Central Europe and is in decline. According to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), it is particularly protected. In Germany, it is also classified as a national type of responsibility within the national strategy for biological diversity of the federal government. The whitefly is endangered by air pollution and by the impact of hikers and climbers.

As a garden and balcony plant, Dianthus gratianopolitanus is grown in numerous varieties.

The 'Baths Pink' variety
The cultivar "Dinetta"

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the Pentecostal : Leienfledde ( Eifel near Altenahr ), Pfingstnägele ( Augsburg ), Pfingstnägeli ( Bern ), Todtennägeln (Augsburg) and Veitsnägeln (Augsburg).

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
  • Peony. In: FloraWeb.de. (Sections Description and Ecology)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 370.
  2. ↑ Species in particular responsibility of Germany on the homepage of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, accessed on June 3, 2016
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 133. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Peony ( Dianthus gratianopolitanus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files