Rose apple plants

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Rose apple plants
Dillenia reifferscheidia, illustration

Dillenia reifferscheidia , illustration

Systematics
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Order : Rose-apple-like
Family : Rose apple plants
Scientific name of the  order
Dilleniales
DC. ex Bercht. & J. Presl
Scientific name of the  family
Dilleniaceae
Salisb.

The rose apple family (Dilleniaceae) are a plant family within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). They occur from the tropics through the subtropics to the warm temperate zones.

description

Subfamily Hibbertioideae: flower with five sepals and five petals each and with many stamens of Hibbertia dentata
Subfamily Delimoideae: Tetracera broomii
Subfamily Doliocarpoideae: Davilla sessilifolia
Subfamily Doliocarpoideae: Doliocarpus brevipedicellatus
Subfamily Dillenioideae: Dillenia suffruticosa
Subfamily Hibbertioideae: Hibbertia stellaris

The taxa of the family Dilleniaceae are very variable in most characteristics:

Appearance and leaves

There are great mostly deciduous woody plants: trees , shrubs or vines , rarely are they perennial herbaceous plants ( Acrotema ).

The leaves are usually fully developed, but in some species they are greatly reduced. In some species the leaves are only in a basal rosette, but in most species they are distributed on the branches, whereby they are usually alternate and spiral, rarely opposite ( Hibbertia coriacea ) on the branches. The stalked leaves are usually simple and often lobed. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated. The winged stipules are fused with the petioles or they are missing.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers stand alone or are grouped in terminal zymose or racemose inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical to zygomorphic and are usually five-fold. There are usually five (3 to 20, more than 14 in Tetracera ) free sepals . The (two to) usually five free, white or yellow petals can be divided into two parts. There are usually 15 to 150 (centrifugally propagated), rarely one to ten, free or fused stamens , they are either all fertile or partially sterile . Usually two to seven (one to 20) carpels are usually free or at a syncarp Upper permanent ovary grown. In each flower there are as many styles as carpels.

Fruits and seeds

The fruits are mostly follicles or nut fruits , less often capsule fruits or berries . The fruits are often still surrounded by the calyx. Follicles and nut fruits are usually grouped together in collective fruits. The fruits contain one to many seeds. The seeds often have an aril .

Systematics

The Dilleniaceae family was listed in 1806/7 by Richard Anthony Salisbury in The Paradisus Londinensis , sub, plate 73. Type genus is Dillenia L. Synonyms for Dilleniaceae Salisb. are: Delimaceae Martius , Hibbertiaceae J.Agardh , Soramiaceae Martynov .

According to APG III (2009), the Dilleniaceae did not have a stable position within the nuclear eudicotyledons . They were therefore not assigned to any order. According to APG IV (2016), the family is in its own order Dilleniales.

The family Dilleniaceae is divided into four subfamilies and contains about twelve genera with 300 to 410 species:

  • Subfamily Doliocarpoideae JWHorn : with about five genera and about 65 species:
    • Curatella Loefl. : with the only kind:
    • Davilla Vand. (Syn .: Tigarea Aubl. ): With about 25 species in the Neotropic.
    • Doliocarpus Rol. : with about 45 species in the Neotropic. The center of biodiversity is Brazil.
    • Pinzona Mart. & Zucc. : with the only kind:
      • Pinzona coriacea Mart. & Zucc. : It is widespread in the Neotropic. It's a liana.
  • Subfamily Dillenioideae Burnett : with about five genera and about 75 species:
  • Subfamily Hibbertioideae JWHorn : with the only genus:
  • Subfamily Delimoideae Burnett : with the only genus:
    • Tetracera L. (Syn .: Delima L. ): with about 40 to 50 species. They are evergreen shrubs or lianas . They have a pantropical distribution and reach into the warm temperate zones; the center of biodiversity is the Neotropic.
  • not yet assigned to a subfamily:
    • Neodillenia Aymard : A genus that was only described in 1997 with about three species in the Amazon region.

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Individual evidence

  1. Entry in Tropicos . last accessed December 9, 2012
  2. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
  3. Dilleniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 9, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Rose Apple Family (Dilleniaceae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files