Dinmukhamed Kunayev
| Cyrillic ( Kazakh ) | |
|---|---|
| Дінмұхаммед Ахмедұлы Қонаев | |
| Transl. : | Dinmuxammed Axmedulı Qonaev |
| Transcr. : | Dinmuchammed Akhmeduly Qonaev |
| Cyrillic ( Russian ) | |
| Динмухамед Ахмедович Кунаев | |
| Transl .: | Dinmuhamed Ahmedovič Kunaev |
| Transcr .: | Dinmuchamed Akhmedovich Kunayev |
Dinmuchamed Achmedowitsch Kunajew ( Russian Динмухамед Ахмедович Кунаев ; Kazakh - Cyrillic Дінмұхаммед Ахмедұлы Қонаев / Dinmuchammed Achmeduly Qonajew * December 30, 1911 jul. / 12. January 1912 greg. In Werny , today Almaty ; † 22. August 1993 in Almaty) was a communist politician in the Kazakh SSR of the Soviet Union .
biography
Youth and education
Kunayev grew up in a middle-class family in Alma-Ata . The father worked in agriculture and then as an office worker in a trade organization. He attended Almaty School No. 14 and studied at the Institute of Metallurgy in Moscow and graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1936. In 1939 he became chief engineer in a mine Pribalchaschstroi ( Russian Прибалхашстрой ), which later in Balkhashtsvetmet opened.
Political rise
Since 1939 Kunayev was a member of the Communist Party .
In the period from 1942 to 1954 he rose to head the office of the Prime Minister of the Kazakh SSR . In 1942, 1951, 1955 and 1959, the Kazakh SSR was elected to the Supreme Soviet.
From 1960 to 1962 and from 1964 to 1986 he was First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan . Under Nikita Khrushchev he lost this party position and he received it again through Leonid Brezhnev . The capital Alma-Ata was favored by the head of the republic Kunayev. Under him, the city essentially got its current appearance and became a metropolis of millions.
At the center of power
From 1966 to 1971 he was a candidate for the Politburo of the CPSU. In 1971 he was promoted to the highest political body in the USSR and became a full member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from April 9, 1971 to January 28, 1987.
In 1985 he supported the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as general secretary of the CPSU.
Criticism and political decline
He was criticized by O. Miroschin, 2nd party secretary of Kazakhstan, and by Nursultan Nazarbayev , Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, due to increased national currents in Kazakhstan combined with severe criticism (among other things because of his personnel policy and also because of the unexplained acceptance of money) . As a supporter of Brezhnev, he resigned from his two political offices under Gorbachev on December 16, 1986 and January 28, 1987, and was even charged with corruption. This is why bloody anti-Russian riots ( Sheltoksan riots ) broke out in Alma-Ata , the first signs of ethnic conflict in Kazakhstan.
His successors as First Secretaries of Kazakhstan were from 1986 to 1989 the Russian-born Gennady Kolbin and from 1989 Nazarbayev, who later became president of the new country.
Quote
" Like the current president, Kunayev, who was killed by Gorbachev in 1986, is for most Kazakhs primarily" a son of our long history, which even the incursion of Chinggis Khan could not stop, let alone an episode like the revolution of the Bolsheviks ", tries one local journalist to explain. "by Rotand Heine in the Berliner Zeitung of March 4, 1994, p. 7 in" Khan Nursultan pushes the figures "
Honors
- The mining institute and a street in Almaty was named after Kunayev. There is a bust of him there.
- In Taraz a street was named after im.
- In Taldyqorghan , a house complex and a school were named after him.
- In Tashkent a street was named after im.
- He was awarded the Order of Heroes of Socialist Labor three times, the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor eight times .
literature
- Michel Tatu: Power and Powerlessness in the Kremlin . Ullstein, Frankfurt 1967
- Garri Tabachnik: Stalin's heirs . Ullstein, Frankfurt 1991, ISBN 3-550-07210-4
- Mikhail Gorbachev: Memories . Siedler, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-88680-524-7
- Dinmuhamed A. Kunajew , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 44/1993 from October 25, 1993, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
Web links
- Literature by and about Dinmuchamed Kunajew in the catalog of the German National Library
- Article Dinmuchamed Kunajew in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- Biography , Chronos (Russian)
Levon Mirsojan (1936–1938) | Nikolai Skworzow (1938–1945) | Gennadi Borkow (1945–1946) | Shumabai Shayakhmetov (1946–1954) | Panteleimon Ponomarenko (1954–1955) | Leonid Brezhnev (1955–1956) | Ivan Jakowlev (1956–1957) | Nikolai Belyayev (1957–1960) | Dinmukhamed Kunayev (1960–1962) | Ismail Yusupov (1962–1964) | Dinmuchamed Kunayev (1964–1986) | Gennadi Kolbin (1986-1989) | Nursultan Nazarbayev (1989–1991)
For the First Secretaries of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan after the dissolution of the Soviet Union , see Communist Party of Kazakhstan .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kunayev, Dinmuchamed |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kunayev, Dinmuchamed Akhmedovich (full name); Кунаев, Динмухамед Ахмедович (Russian); Қонаев, Дінмұхаммед Ахмедұлы (Kazakh); Qonaev, Dinmuchammed Achmeduly |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | soviet politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 12, 1912 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Werny, today Almaty |
| DATE OF DEATH | 22nd August 1993 |
| Place of death | Almaty |