Dodecane

Structural formula
General
Surname	Dodecane
other names	n -dodecane; Dodecanese; n -Dodecanese;
Molecular formula	C 12 H 26
Brief description	colorless, flammable liquid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	203-967-9
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.607
PubChem	8182
Wikidata	Q150744
properties
Molar mass	170.34 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.75 g cm −3
Melting point	−10 ° C
boiling point	216 ° C
Vapor pressure	0.12 hPa (20 ° C); 0.276 hPa (30 ° C); 0.59 hPa (40 ° C); 1.19 hPa (50 ° C);
solubility	practically insoluble in water
Refractive index	1.4210 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger
H and P phrases	H: 304
	P: 301 + 310-331
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Dodecane (also n -dodecane ) is a colorless, flammable, mild-smelling liquid. Dodecane is an organic chemical compound from the group of higher alkanes , more precisely the dodecanes .

properties

Physical Properties

Dodecane is a colorless liquid that boils at 216 ° C under normal pressure . The vapor pressure function results according to Antoine according to log ₁₀ (P) = A− (B / (T + C)) (P in bar, T in K) with A = 4.10549, B = 1625.928 and C = −92.839 in the temperature range from 399.53 to 490.49 K.

The most important thermodynamic properties are listed in the following table:

property	Type	Value [unit]
Standard enthalpy of formation	Δ _f H ⁰_gas Δ _f H ⁰_liquid	−290.9 kJ mol ⁻¹ −352.1 kJ mol ⁻¹
Enthalpy of combustion	Δ _c H ⁰_liquid	−8086.0 kJ mol ⁻¹
Heat capacity	c _p	375.26 J mol ⁻¹ K ⁻¹ (25 ° C) 2.20 J g ⁻¹ K ⁻¹ (25 ° C) as a liquid
Enthalpy of fusion	Δ _f H	36.836 kJ mol ⁻¹ at the melting point
Entropy of fusion	Δ _f S	139.75 kJ mol ⁻¹ at the melting point
Enthalpy of evaporation	Δ _V H Δ _V H ⁰	51.6 kJ mol ⁻¹ at the normal pressure boiling point 61.51 kJ mol ⁻¹ at 25 ° C
Critical temperature	T _C	385 ° C
Critical pressure	P _C	18 bar
Critical volume	V _C	0.754 l mol ⁻¹
Critical density	ρ _C	1.3 mol·l ⁻¹

Safety-related parameters

At higher temperatures, dodecane forms flammable vapor-air mixtures. The compound has a flash point of 80 ° C. The explosion range begins at 0.6 vol.% (40 g / m ³ ) as the lower explosion limit (LEL). The lower explosion point is 72 ° C., The ignition temperature is 200 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T4.

Use and occurrence

It is used in the reprocessing of spent fuel elements as a solvent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in the extraction of uranium and plutonium ( PUREX process ). Dodecane is a component of diesel fuel .

Individual evidence

↑ Entry on dodecane. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on December 25, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Entry on dodecane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on April 16, 2018(JavaScript required) .
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-224.
↑ CB Williamham, WJ Taylor, JM Pignocco, FD Rossini: Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons. In: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 35, 1945, pp. 219-244, doi: 10.6028 / jres.035.009 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c E. J. Prosen, FD Rossini: Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25 ° C. In: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 34, 1945, pp. 263-267, doi: 10.6028 / jres.034.013 .
↑ ^a ^b J.-PE Grolier, GC Benson: Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures containing ketones. VIII. Heat capacities and volumes of some n-alkanone + n-alkane mixtures at 298.15 K. In: Can. J. Chem. 62, 1984, pp. 949-953, doi: 10.1139 / v84-156 , (pdf)
↑ ^a ^b H. L. Finke, ME Gross, G. Waddington, HM Huffman: Low-temperature thermal data for the nine normal paraffin hydrocarbons from octane to hexadecane. In: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1954, pp. 333-341, doi: 10.1021 / ja01631a005 .
↑ RM Stephenson, S. Malanowski: Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds Springer, 1987, ISBN 94-010-7923-4 , doi: 10.1007 / 978-94-009-3173-2 .
^ V. Majer, V. Svoboda: Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1985, p. 300.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d D. Ambrose, C. Tsonopoulos: Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 2. Normal Alkenes. In: J. Chem. Eng. Data . 40, 1995, pp. 531-546, doi: 10.1021 / je00019a001 .

Web links

Commons : Dodecane - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Dodecane - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

[1] Entry on dodecane. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on December 25, 2014.

[GESTIS-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Entry on dodecane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on April 16, 2018(JavaScript required) .

[CRC90_3_224-3] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-224.

[Williamham-4] CB Williamham, WJ Taylor, JM Pignocco, FD Rossini: Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons. In: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 35, 1945, pp. 219-244, doi: 10.6028 / jres.035.009 .

[Prosen-5] E. J. Prosen, FD Rossini: Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25 ° C. In: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 34, 1945, pp. 263-267, doi: 10.6028 / jres.034.013 .

[Grolier-6] J.-PE Grolier, GC Benson: Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures containing ketones. VIII. Heat capacities and volumes of some n-alkanone + n-alkane mixtures at 298.15 K. In: Can. J. Chem. 62, 1984, pp. 949-953, doi: 10.1139 / v84-156 , (pdf)

[Finke-7] H. L. Finke, ME Gross, G. Waddington, HM Huffman: Low-temperature thermal data for the nine normal paraffin hydrocarbons from octane to hexadecane. In: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1954, pp. 333-341, doi: 10.1021 / ja01631a005 .

[Stephenson-8] RM Stephenson, S. Malanowski: Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds Springer, 1987, ISBN 94-010-7923-4 , doi: 10.1007 / 978-94-009-3173-2 .

[Majer_Svoboda-9] V. Majer, V. Svoboda: Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1985, p. 300.

[Ambrose-10] D. Ambrose, C. Tsonopoulos: Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 2. Normal Alkenes. In: J. Chem. Eng. Data . 40, 1995, pp. 531-546, doi: 10.1021 / je00019a001 .