Dominican monastery Röbel

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The Dominican monastery in Röbel existed from 1285 until it was dissolved as a result of the Reformation in the 1540s. The church and monastery building were demolished until 1602 and have not been preserved. The “Predigerstraße” and the “ Mönchteich ” in Röbel remind of the monastery and its approximate location .

history

The brothers of the Dominican mendicant order, founded in 1215, came to Röbel between 1285 and 1287 , as can be seen from the Dominican convent lists and resolutions of the chapters of the order at that time. Two factors favored the settlement of the order in this city:

  • Nikolaus I , lord of the Werle lordship , to which the town of Röbel belonged at the end of the 13th century, maintained contacts with the Dominican monastery in Rostock . The Dominicans were the in-1270er years confessors of stately home Werle, which maintained a princely seat in Robel.
  • In the new town of Röbel there was a settlement of the Magdalenerinnen ( Sorores paenitentes see Mariae Magdalenae , "penitents of St. Mary Magdalene ") since before 1274 . From 1286 to 1296 the pastoral care of these religious women and their representation to the outside world ( cura monialium ) was transferred to the Dominicans by papal decision , so that Prince Nicholas I, who initiated the settlement of the nuns, together with his mother Sophia von Lindau- Ruppin could have invited the Dominicans he knew to Röbel, according to historian Ingo Ulpts. In addition to caring for the Magdalen women, they are also likely to have worked pastoral care at the Werleschen Hof.

The friars, who probably came from the Rostock monastery, initially lived in a house in the old town of Röbel, north of the new town. It is possible that the Rostock monastery already had an appointment in the city. In 1285 the branch was confirmed as a convent by the administration of the order . The first to be named is Johannes Lysen, who was mentioned in a document in February 1298 as a witness in a foundation proceeding and was designated as the superior of the Röbel Dominicans ( prior domus fratrum in Robele ). The Dominican cura monalium for the Magdalene nuns in Röbel and elsewhere was passed on to other “superiors” ( provosts , praepositi ) in 1296 , and it turned out that in a small town like Röbel two religious orders could not exist in the long term that were willing to donate the citizens were dependent. Prince Nicholas II therefore relocated the Magdalen convent to Malchow on May 21, 1298 , where he transferred the patronage of the two churches in Malchow and the church in Lexow to the nuns and obliged them to regularly memorize , prayers for the salvation of the royal family. On May 29, 1298, the Schwerin Bishop Gottfried confirmed this relocation, after Bishop Johann II von Havelberg , to whose diocese the Neustadt von Röbel belonged, had given his consent. Both bishops had to be involved because since 1242 the diocese border between the dioceses of Havelberg and Schwerin ran between the old town and the new town of Röbel. The Magdalen women immediately moved to Malchow and built a monastery there next to the old town church. The Dominicans immediately took over the monastery buildings of the sisters in Röbeler Neustadt. The convent now also had its own seal. It is assumed that the Werle house wanted to create a memoria for itself by promoting the Dominicans in their monastery . The close relationship between the Princely House and the Dominicans is also evident from the fact that Bernhard and Heinrich, the two younger brothers of Prince Nikolaus II and sons of Princess Sophia, who held court in Röbel, joined the Dominicans in the 1290s.

The monastery complex was directly and structurally anchored to the northern city wall of the new town, in the vicinity of the castle hill with the castle, conveniently located near the city gates, the Wiesentor in the west and the Middle Gate in the north, and the trade route leading through the city. There are no documents about the appearance of the buildings that were demolished after the monastery was closed in the 16th century. It is also no longer possible to determine whether the Dominicans carried out renovations or extensions to the sister monastery. From a surviving convent seal it can be concluded that the monastery bore a patronage of the Holy Cross . Initially it belonged to the Teutonia Order , from 1303 to the newly founded Province of Saxonia , and from 1503 to 1517 it was under the supervision of the Vicar General of the Congregatio Hollandiae , an observant movement in the Dominican Order, which endeavored to observe vows of poverty more consistently .

Since Princess Sophia was buried in the convent in 1308, at least the choir of a monastery church must have existed at this time . Further burial of members of the Werleschen family with the Dominicans in Röbel is documented for 1331 (Mechtild von Pommern, wife of Johann III. ) And 1425. In the 14th century there was a documentary mention of a terminal house of the monastery for collecting alms in Parchim, in the 15th century the Dominicans briefly owned a windmill that was built on the castle hill after the sovereign castle was demolished.

The Reformation, with the abolition of most of the monasteries, came to Röbel late compared to some neighboring towns. It was not until the end of the 1530s that Duke Heinrich V (Mecklenburg) called Protestant preachers to the city. Until then, the Dominicans were under the protection of his brother Albrecht , so that in 1535 the church visits in the surrounding area were left out of Röbel. At the beginning of the 1540s, Dominicans were still living in the convent, even if, according to Ulpts, public Catholic masses could no longer take place at that time; a last legacy in favor of the monastery in the form of a field is on record in 1543. Prior Thomas Lamberty was insulted as a bad papist in 1541 . He was apparently the last brother in the convent and received income from two neighboring parish offices; he died in 1558, and soon after his death the convent buildings were demolished and the material was used in Wredenhagen . The monastery church was also closed by 1602 at the latest. The choir stalls, made in 1519 by the Dominican Urbanus Schumann, ended up in Röbel's Nicolaikirche , where they are the only surviving evidence of the Dominican monastery to be seen to this day.

Offices in the monastery

With the exception of a few documents, no archive of the monastery has been preserved. Therefore only a few superiors of the convent - called prior in the Dominican order, represented by the subprior - are known by name. In addition, there are three brothers in the sources who are referred to as lecturers and masters . This may indicate that there was a period of in-house study in Röbel to train the next generation of the Order. The Röbel Dominicans may also have exercised this teaching activity in other monasteries: Kaspar Bucholtz is mentioned from 1526 to 1526 as a student master in the Soldin monastery , in 1528 he is mentioned as prior of Röbel.

Priors

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention.

  • Johannes Lysen (1298)
  • Johannes Cargow? (1304)
  • Johannes Rosenow (1479)
  • Nicolaus Smyth (1503-1515)
  • Caspar Buchholtz (Kaspar Bucholtz) (1526, 1528)
  • Thomas Lamberti (Lamberty) (1541, † 1558)

Subpriorities

  • Johannes Floringk (1485)
  • Engelbert Schomaker (1515)
  • Dominic of Zwolle (1518)
  • Albert Steen (1523)

literature

  • Cornelia von Heßberg: Röbel: Holy Cross Monastery (Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum / Dominican). In: Wolfgang Huschner , Ernst Münch , Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner: Mecklenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, monasteries, coming and priories (10th / 11th - 16th centuries). Volume II., Rostock 2016, ISBN 978-3-356-01514-0 , pp. 839-845.
  • Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. A contribution to the history of the Franciscans, Poor Clares, Dominicans and Augustinian Hermits in the Middle Ages. ( Saxonia Franciscana Volume 6.) Werl 1995, ISBN 3-87163-216-3 , pp. 87-95, 294-314, 384f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 88f., 95.
  2. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 310.
  3. ↑ Cornelia von Heßberg: Röbel: Kloster Heilig Kreuz (Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum / Dominican). In: Wolfgang Huschner, Ernst Münch, Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner: Mecklenburg monastery book. Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 839–845, here p. 840.
  4. ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) IV. (1867) No. 2486, p. 43f.
    Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 88f.
  5. ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) IV. (1867) No. 2505.
  6. ↑ Cornelia von Heßberg: Röbel: Kloster Heilig Kreuz (Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum / Dominican). In: Wolfgang Huschner, Ernst Münch, Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner: Mecklenburg monastery book. Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 839–845, here p. 840.
    Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 89f., 93.
  7. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 90ff., 93-95, 312.
  8. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 384f.
  9. ↑ Cornelia von Heßberg: Röbel: Kloster Heilig Kreuz (Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum / Dominican). In: Wolfgang Huschner, Ernst Münch, Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner: Mecklenburg monastery book. Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 839–845, here p. 840.
  10. ↑ Cornelia von Heßberg: Röbel: Kloster Heilig Kreuz (Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum / Dominican). In: Wolfgang Huschner, Ernst Münch, Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner: Mecklenburg monastery book. Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 839–845, here p. 842.
  11. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 94.
  12. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 384.