Kirchdorf village church (Poel)
The village church in Kirchdorf on the Baltic Sea island of Poel is the church of the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Kirchdorf in the district of Northwest Mecklenburg . Until May 27, 2012, the congregation belonged to the Wismar parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mecklenburg . Since then it has been a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany .
Building history
In the course of the settlement of the island of Poel with German immigrants by Prince Heinrich Borwin I at the beginning of the 13th century, construction began on the only church in Poel. Since it was first mentioned in a directory of the churches and monasteries of the Diocese of Lübeck from 1259, the old church must have been built in the period from 1210 to around 1258. It was mentioned in the wine foundation of Heinrich the Pilgrim in 1266. However, only the tower of the late Romanesque building from the second quarter of the 13th century has survived, because a larger and more modern building was built around 1400 . The first church service room was located in the three-bay brick hall. The floors above served as a place of refuge, storage, observation tower and bell tower. The first nave was built on the tower around 1230/40 in the Romanesque style. About fifty years later, the church's choir was built in the Gothic style. The nave was raised around the beginning of the 14th century and adapted to the choir of the church. In the new building, buttresses and services were added to the nave . The walls have been raised. A vault was fixed in place and the old slotted windows were converted into pointed arch windows. The upper part of the square west tower was raised six meters during this redesign, received four shield gables and the eight-sided helmet, also known as the bishop's cap, which towers up to a height of 47 meters, which is typical for this area . The tower as a point on the island that can be seen from afar has also served as a landmark near the entrance from the Baltic Sea to the Wismar Bay since ancient times .
The Reformation was introduced to Poel after 1533. Nevertheless, as in large parts of northern Germany, the Wittenberg model was followed conservatively so that there was no iconoclasm . It is probably thanks to the influence of the Wismar superintendent and Gnesiolutheran, Johann Wigand , that a striking number of high-quality altars in Wismar and the surrounding area were not removed from the churches but continued to be used. In addition to two Marian altars, a Gothic triumphal cross from the 15th century has been preserved in the Poeler church.
The church was severely damaged in a storm in 1660. The 150 Reichstaler borrowed for the repairs were sued at the local court in 1662. Peter Ruge and his sons were accused of sorcery by the Poeler district court in 1693, but were acquitted by the Wismar tribunal. Since their neighbors continued to abuse them and look at them scornfully , the Kirchdorf pastor Magister Martin Cassius was supposed to read out the tribunal judgment publicly after the sermon in order to prove their innocence. The result is not known.
Because of the political situation from 1933 to 1989, urgently necessary renovation and renovation work could only be carried out to a limited extent. In the devastating January storm in 1995 the roof of the tower was badly damaged and the desolate condition of the whole tower became visible. This was largely renovated in 1995, re-covered and finally provided with a new gold-plated weather valve. Since 2001, the church building has been repaired in sections. The roof structure, roof, windows, outer walls and vaults have already been renovated.
The inner
The church has a relatively rich interior. This also includes two medieval carved altars.
Grave slab with disc cross
In a niche to the right of the main altar in the church choir, a tombstone made of Gotland limestone, which is extremely rare in Germany, can be seen. It dates from the earliest times of the Christianization of the island in the 13th century and is possibly the grave slab of the church founder. Until 1850 it was in the middle of the church. Early Gothic grave slabs with such a cross are otherwise only known from Denmark or from areas that were once occupied by Denmark. This is the only one that has so far been found in Central Europe. As early as the 19th century, the Mecklenburg archivist Friedrich Crull claimed that this grave slab with this cross symbolism and without an inscription was possibly the oldest Christian tomb in Mecklenburg. The convex arms of the cross want to give the impression of rays of light and thus represent the resurrection glory of the crucified Jesus.
Mary Altar
A small altar of Mary from around 1470 is on the north wall. Scenes from the life of Mary can be seen around the shrine. In the central shrine an apocalyptic Madonna is depicted in a halo. This motif was common when the altar was made. Mary holds the baby Jesus with an apple on her left arm . This symbolizes Jesus as the second Adam . In the other hand she is holding an indeterminate flower (presumably a lily, tulip or rose). Four angels in the corners surround them. One of the angels carries a small portable organ, a portative . Four scenes from the life of Mary are arranged on the side wings around the central altar. The Christmas story is shown at the top right. Below that is the homage to Christ by the three kings , represented by the three ages (young man, middle-aged man and old man). This type of representation is more common in the Middle Ages. At the top left is the preaching of the birth of Jesus by the Archangel Gabriel , including the circumcision scene of Jesus in the Temple of Jerusalem.
Main altar
Created around 1420, it still serves as the main altar today. According to recent studies, this altar could have come from the workshop of the wood sculptor Henning Leptzow , who lived and worked in Wismar at the beginning of the 15th century.
The central shrine and the wings of the carved altar are horizontally separated. The motif popular at the time, the coronation of Mary , can be seen in it. The shrine is surrounded on both sides by carved figures - to the right of Christ is St. Nicholas, next to him is the apostle Paul with sword and bald head; to the left of Mary John the Baptist , who points to the Lamb of God, and next to him are Peter with the key and other apostles.
Below the apostles are sixteen female saints in half-form, who were very popular in the Middle Ages. Among them are Gertrud (with hospital with roof rider), Barbara (with tower), Dorothea (with rose branch), Margaretha (with dragon and sword), Maria Magdalena (with ointment vessel), Agnes (with lamb), Katharina (with sword and wheel ) and Elisabeth of Thuringia (with vessel and fish).
crucifix
Before the Reformation, there was a partition where the pulpit is today, the so-called rood screen. This separated the nave from the choir. Above it was a beam on which the triumphal cross stood. In addition to Jesus, Mary and John were also shown. When the church was redesigned in neo-Gothic style in 1851, this group was removed and the crucifix was attached to the north wall of the choir. The depiction of the crucified with a short, wrinkled shroud wrapped around the hips suggests a date of origin around 1450. Nothing is known about the whereabouts of the other two figures.
organ
The organ was acquired by the monastery church in Neukloster in 1704 . Like Poel, Neukloster belonged to Sweden at that time. An old inscription reads: Glory to God alone - Anno 1704. The builder is unknown. The prospectus dates from the 17th century and is attributable to Henning Kröger's (Wismar) surroundings. In 1875 the organ builder Friedrich Albert Mehmel put a new romantic sound work in the existing baroque prospectus. The organ has two manuals as well as a pedal over 13 sounding registers and 750 pipes . In 1968 the organ was completely overhauled by the organ builder Wolfgang Nußbücker from Plau , using some parts of the Mehmel organ again. The organ front with acanthus carvings bears clear characteristics of the baroque style.
Others
The interior decoration, the two-storey west gallery, the pulpit and the chairs date back to the end of the 19th century.
The historical model of the Zeesboat P 45, built by Poeler fisherman Richard Schwarz in 1936 and erected on the north wall, bears the inscription: "Lord bless us dei Seefohrt, steer us dei Lewensfohrt, give us dei Himmelfohrt!" It is intended to remind us that that Church is a boatman's church. The P means Poel and 45 was Gustav Schwarz's fishing number. This was the modeler's brother.
The brass chandelier is reminiscent of the time immediately after the Thirty Years War . It was donated by the independent Poeler farmer Peter Evers from Brandenhusen in 1656 and also reminds of the wealth of the Poeler farmers at that time.
The weathercock, which dates from the 18th century, was attached to the west gallery after the January storm in 1995. The most recent work of art in the interior of the church is the font. It came in 1992 as a gift from stonemason Dirk Bollmann from Neustadt in Holstein by boat across the Baltic Sea to Poel.
Bells
The Poeler church had four bells. The oldest from 1396 was cast by the Wismar bell caster Peter Martin Hausbrandt in 1864.
In 1993, two bells came from the Bachert bell foundry in Karlsruhe . One of them reads: Christ Kyrie, come to us on the sea. In 2001 a small clock bell was installed above the clock in the north shield gable of the church tower.
The tower clock has been working again since 2001.
Pastors
Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor
- 2019 Johannes Staak
Parish
The parish is a community of the Evangelical Lutheran. Church in northern Germany and belongs to the Wismar region in the Mecklenburg church district. In addition to the Sunday services, there are also some concerts in the church in summer.
See also
List of churches in the parish of Wismar
literature
- Friedrich Schlie : Art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , 1898 Volume II The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Reprint 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , pp. 222-234.
- Horst Ende : Village churches in Mecklenburg. Berlin 1975, pp. 90, 139.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , pp. 272-273.
- ZEBI eV, START eV: Village and town churches in the Wismar – Schwerin parish. Bremen, Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-86108-753-7 , pp. 27-28.
- Joachim Saegebarth: The first church on the island. In: Insel Poel - articles about landscape and history. Wismar 2007, pp. 188-191.
- Max Reinhard Jaehn : Organs in Mecklenburg. Rostock 2008, ISBN 978-3-356-01267-5 , pp. 74, 75.
swell
Printed sources
Unprinted sources
- State Church Archive Schwerin
- Specialia. Dept. 2, 4.
- Wismar City Archives
- Trial files of the Tribunal 1653–1803, No. 2405, 2720.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 831.
- ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 1059.
- ↑ Dr. Michael Bunners, "Johann Wigand (1523 - 1587) - Lutheran clergyman and scholar in Wismar from 1562 - 1568" in "Die Magdeburger Centurien", Vol. 1, Verlag Janos Stekovics, Dößel, 2007, p. 98
- ↑ Wismar City Archives, Trial Files of the Tribunal, No. 2720.
- ↑ Prof. Dr. Friedrich Karl Azzola, “Report on the Disc Cross in the Kirchdorfer Church” May 2001 in the Kirchdorfer parish archive
- ↑ Dr. Friedrich Crull and Dr. Friedrich Techen, “The gravestones in the Wismar churches” in “Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology”, Vol. 54 (1889), p. 111
- ↑ a b c d Dr. Mitchell Grell (Inselpastor): Information sheet on the Poeler Church
- ^ Anna Elisabeth Albrecht, Stephan Albrecht: The medieval winged altars of the Hanseatic city of Wismar , Ludwig Verlag, Kiel 1998, p. 43.
- ↑ Jürgen Pump: The island of Poel in old views , Volume 3, Zaltbommel / Netherlands, ISBN 978-90-288-6194-7
- ↑ Claus Peter: The bells of the Wismar churches and their history. 2016, p. 221.
Coordinates: 53 ° 59 ′ 39.5 " N , 11 ° 26 ′ 16.2" E