Gorse

Gorse
Sticky glandular gorse ( Adenocarpus viscosus )
Systematics
Eurosiden I Order : Fabales (Fabales) Family : Legumes (Fabaceae) Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae) Tribe : Genisteae Genre : Gorse
Scientific name
Adenocarpus
DC.

The adenocarpus ( Adenocarpus ) are a genus within the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae or Leguminosae). The 15 or so species are common in Macaronesia and the Mediterranean .

description

Habit, leaves and terminal inflorescences of Adenocarpus decorticans

Branches with leaves and terminal inflorescences of Adenocarpus anagyrifolius

Glandular legumes of the sticky gorse ( Adenocarpus viscosus )

Appearance and leaves

In Adenocarpus TYPES is broom-like, evergreen shrubs or rarely small trees , to reach stature heights of 4 meters. The above-ground parts of the plant are silky or shaggy hairy ( indument )

The alternate leaves are relatively small and divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The feathered leaf blade includes three pinna leaflet . The stipules are well developed but small and fall off early or may even be absent.

Inflorescences and flowers

Terminal, racemose or capillary inflorescences are formed.

The fragrant, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The herbaceous calyx is two-lipped. The upper calyx lip is divided into two and the lower lip is three-lobed or three-toothed. The five mostly yellow petals are nailed short and stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The flag is almost circular and at least as long as the wings. The wings are obovate or oblong. The petals of the inwardly curved boat are not fused. There are ten fused stamens . With the bare anthers, a short one alternates with a long one. The sitting single carpel contains many ovules .

Fruits and seeds

The elongated, flattened legumes are glandular-warty or prickly, depending on the type, usually shaggy hairy and open when ripe. The smooth seeds are egg-shaped and have a small aril .

Branches with leaves and flowers of Adenocarpus telonensis

Systematics and distribution

The genus Adenocarpus was founded in 1815 by Augustin Pyrame de Candolle in Flore Française. Troisième Édition , 5, p. 549. A revision of the genus Adenocarpus was published in 1967 : PE Gibbs: A revision of the genus Adenocarpus in Bol. Soc. Loaf. ser. 2, 41, p. 112.

The genus Adenocarpus belongs to the tribe Genisteae in the subfamily Faboideae within the family Fabaceae .

The genus Adenocarpus is mainly found in Macaronesia and the Mediterranean region. The greatest biodiversity is in the western Mediterranean, with some endemics in North Africa . There are three species in the Canary Islands . One species occurs in Afro-montane areas in many African countries.

There are about 15 species in the genus Adenocarpus :

• Adenocarpus anagyrifolius Coss. & Balansa : It only occurs in Morocco .
• Adenocarpus artemisiifolius Jahand. & al. : It only occurs in Morocco.
• Adenocarpus bacquei Batt. & Pit. : It only occurs in Morocco.
• Adenocarpus boudyi Batt. & Maire : It only occurs in Morocco.
• Adenocarpus cincinnatus (Ball) Maire : It occurs only in Morocco.
• Adenocarpus complicatus (L.) Gay :
  • Adenocarpus complicatus subsp. anisochilus (Boiss.) Franco : It only occurs in Portugal .
  • Adenocarpus complicatus subsp. aureus (Cav.) C. Vicioso : It occurs in Italy , Portugal, Spain and Turkey .
  • Adenocarpus complicatus subsp. commutatus (cast.) Cout. : It occurs in Algeria, France , Greece , Italy including Sicily , Portugal and Spain.
  • Adenocarpus complicatus (L.) Gay subsp. complicatus : It occurs in Madeira , Algeria , Syria , Turkey, Italy, France, Portugal and Spain.
  • Adenocarpus complicatus subsp. nainii (Maire) PEGibbs : It is only found in Morocco.
• Adenocarpus decorticans Boiss. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Spain.
• Adenocarpus faurei Maire : It occurs only in Algeria.
• Adenocarpus foliolosus (Aiton) DC. : It occurs in the Canary Islands .
• Adenocarpus hispanicus (Lam.) DC. :
  • Adenocarpus hispanicus subsp. argyrophyllus (Rivas Goday) Rivas Goday : It occurs in Morocco, Portugal and Spain.
  • Adenocarpus hispanicus (Lam.) DC. subsp. hispanicus : It only occurs in Spain.
• Adenocarpus mannii (Hook. F.) Hook. f. : It thrives in Afro-montane areas in Angola , Cameroon , Equatorial Guinea , Ethiopia , Kenya , Malawi , Nigeria , Rwanda , Sudan , Tanzania , Uganda , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia .
• Adenocarpus ombriosus Ceballo & Ortuno : This endemic only occurs on the Canary Island of El Hierro . It thrives at altitudes of 500 to meters. There are only four known sites in the northern part of the island: Montaña de Jináma, El Salvador, Hoya de Arinés and Hoya de Fileba. The total area is 1 to 5 km². No specimens were found at the Hoya de Arinés site in 2007. In 2007, only 189 specimens were found in the natural locations. Grazing and drought in particular lead to a continuous decline in populations. In 2013 this species wasrated Endangeredby the IUCN .
• Adenocarpus telonensis (Loisel.) DC. : It occurs in Morocco, France, Portugal and Spain.
• Adenocarpus umbellatus Batt. : It only occurs in Algeria.
• Sticky glandular gorse ( Adenocarpus viscosus (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. ): It occurs on the Canary Islands Tenerife and La Palma. It thrives in the subalpine altitude range in dry locations. The stocks are stable. In 2012 this species was rated Least Concern = not endangered by the IUCN.

use

Adenocarpus viscosus is one of the bees' forage plants in the Canary Islands. The flowering branches of cultivated species and varieties are also used in floristry .

literature

• S. Talavera, C. Aedo, S. Castroviejo, C. Romero, L. Sáez, FJ Salgueiro, M. Velayos: LXXXVIII. LEGUMINOSAE - CYTISEAE. Adenocarpus. In: Flora Iberica. Volume 7, 1, 1999, pp. 189-205 ( floraiberica.es PDF).
• Inés Álvarez Fernández: Pteridophyta, gymnospermae, angiospermae . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Inés Álvarez Fernández, Real Jardín Botánico (eds.): Claves de flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares . tape 1 . Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press, Madrid 2001, ISBN 84-00-07933-7 , p. 571 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
• Paloma Cubas, Cristina Pardo, Hikmat Tahiri, Santiago Castroviejo: Phylogeny and evolutionary diversification of Adenocarpus DC. (Leguminosae) . In: Taxon . tape 59 , no. 3 , p. 720-732 , JSTOR : 25677664 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} S. Talavera, C. Aedo, S. Castroviejo, C. Romero, L. Sáez, FJ Salgueiro, M. Velayos: LXXXVIII. LEGUMINOSAE - CYTISEAE. Adenocarpus. In: Flora Iberica Volume 7, 1, pp. 189-205 ( floraiberica.es PDF).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Flora Zambesiaca. Volume 3, 2003. Data sheet.
3. ↑ Adenocarpus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 17, 2016.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Adenocarpus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
5. ↑ Paloma Cubas, Cristina Pardo, Hikmat Tahiri, Santiago Castroviejo: Phylogeny and evolutionary diversification of Adenocarpus DC. (Leguminosae). In: Taxon. Volume 59, No. 3, 2010, pp. 720-732. JSTOR 25677664
6. ↑ Data sheet from Flora de Canarias .
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q} data sheet at World Database of Legumes - International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS, Version 10.38 of July 20, 2010. Retrieved on: February 17, 2016
8. ↑ Adenocarpus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Retrieved February 19, 2016.

Web links

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