Sodium benzoate

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Structural formula
Structural formula of sodium benzoate
General
Surname Sodium benzoate
other names
  • Antimol
  • SODIUM BENZOATE ( INCI )
  • E  211
Molecular formula C 7 H 5 NaO 2
Brief description

white, odorless solid

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 532-32-1
EC number 208-534-8
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.760
PubChem 517055
ChemSpider 10305
Wikidata Q423971
properties
Molar mass 144.11 g mol −1
Physical state

firmly

density

1.50 g cm −3 (at 20 ° C)

Melting point

436 ° C

boiling point

The substance decomposes when heated above 450–475 ° C

solubility

good in water (556 g l −1 at 20 ° C)

safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
07 - Warning

Caution

H and P phrases H: 319
P: 305 + 351 + 338
Toxicological data
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid . It is approved as a food additive with the number E 211.

properties

Sodium benzoate is a white, crystalline solid. The compound is odorless and slightly hygroscopic . It is flammable and readily soluble in water .

use

Sodium benzoate has a bacteriostatic and fungistatic effect and is therefore used as a food additive (E 211) to preserve food (optimum effect at pH <3.6).

Sodium benzoate is also used as a preservative in cosmetics . Furthermore, a masking effect is ascribed to it, i. that is, the base odor of a cosmetic is reduced.

In the synthesis of polypropylene , it serves as a nucleating agent that prevents spherulites that are too large from forming .

In pyrotechnics , it is used as a fuel, mostly in connection with oxidizing potassium perchlorate .

In medicine, it is used in combination with L - arginine - hydrochloride as an emergency for the treatment of hyperammonemia used.

compatibility

Because sodium benzoate is considered safe, it is one of the most widely used preservatives for food and cosmetics in the world. Up to 0.1 percent of this can be added to the food.

Due to the long industrial use of the substance, no official reassessment has yet been carried out in the USA, although worrying toxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects have recently been discovered in cell cultures and model organisms. The possible influences on human metabolism are very complex. Most recently, a working group in Chicago described that sodium benzoate had an epigenetic effect on the metabolism of phosphoglycerides , the ovarian steroid hormones , and the cellular signal protein phospholipase D through histone modification even in the permitted dosage .

In 2007, a British study of 300 young children and schoolchildren named sodium benzoate in cola drinks as a possible ADHD trigger, along with other substances . The FDA held a hearing on this, but rated the study as inconclusive.

EFSA's Scientific Committee last declared the substance harmless in 2016. With regard to mutagenicity / teratogenicity, he justified his view with a multi-generation rodent study with negative results. A negative study from 2013 was cited with regard to the possible behavioral disorders in children.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry on SODIUM BENZOATE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on December 28, 2019.
  2. ↑ Entry on E 211: Sodium benzoate in the European database on food additives, accessed on August 15, 2020.
  3. ↑ Sodium benzoate data sheet (PDF) from Merck , accessed on September 23, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Entry on sodium benzoate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on September 21, 2018(JavaScript required) .
  5. ↑ Entry on sodium benzoate in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
  6. ↑ European Pharmacopoeia (Pharmacopoea Europaea), 6th edition, basic work 2008.
  7. ↑ Information on sodium benzoate at haut.de , accessed on November 2, 2016.
  8. ↑ New clarifier & nucleator: They make polypropylenes Run Clearer and Faster. In: Plastics Technology. July 2002.
  9. ^ Definition: Pyrotechnics - Meyers Lexikon online. Archived from the original on May 23, 2007 ; accessed on November 14, 2014 .
  10. ↑ Monthly Pediatrics. 149, Springer-Verlag 2001, pp. 1078-1090.
  11. ↑ JD Piper, PW Piper: Benzoate and Sorbate Salts: A Systematic Review of the Potential Hazards of These Invaluable Preservatives and the Expanding Spectrum of Clinical Uses for Sodium Benzoate. In: Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 16, 2017, pp. 868-880. doi: 10.1111 / 1541-4337.12284
  12. ↑ H. Huang, D. Zhang et al .: Lysine benzoylation is a histone mark regulated by SIRT2. In: Nature Communications. 9, 2018, Article number 3374, doi: 10.1038 / s41467-018-05567-w
  13. ^ D. McCann, A. Barrett et al .: Food additives and hyperactive behavior in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. In: The Lancet . Volume 370, Number 9598, November 2007, pp. 1560-1567. doi: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (07) 61306-3 . PMID 17825405 .
  14. ^ B. Weiss: Synthetic food colors and neurobehavioral hazards: the view from environmental health research. In: Environmental health perspectives. Volume 120, Number 1, January 2012, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1289 / ehp.1103827 . PMID 21926033 . PMC 3261946 (free full text).
  15. ↑ EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources (ANS): Scientific Opinion on the re ‐ evaluation of benzoic acid (E 210), sodium benzoate (E 211), potassium benzoate (E 212) and calcium benzoate (E 213) as food additives. In: EFSA Journal. 14-3, March 2016, p. 4433. doi: 10.2903 / j.efsa.2016.4433
  16. ^ KY Lok, RS Chan et al: Food additives and behavior in 8- to 9-year-old children in Hong Kong: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In: Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: JDBP. Volume 34, Number 9, Nov-Dec 2013, pp. 642-650. doi: 10.1097 / DBP.0000000000000005 . PMID 24217026 .