El Carmolí
| El Carmolí | ||
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 El Carmolí |
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| height | 113 m | |
| location | Murcia , Spain | |
| Coordinates | 37 ° 41 '33 " N , 0 ° 50' 30" W | |
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| Type | Stratovolcano | |
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 Basalt prisms |
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El Carmolí ( Spanish Volcán El Carmolí ) is the volcanic cone of an extinct volcano of the Volcanes del Campo de Cartagena on the banks of the Mar Menor . The hill gives its name to the village of the same name and is located between Los Urrutias and Los Alcázares , in the municipality of Cartagena in the Región de Murcia in Spain .
The summit is easily accessible and offers an excellent view of the flat surrounding area and the whole of the Mar Menor .
geography
The mountain lies roughly on an east-west line with Isla Perdiguera and Isla Mayor . It only rises to about 113 m and is partly built on on its slopes. The best way to get to the summit is from Punta Brava , but there is no paved path. The volcanic cone is badly eroded , there is no crater , but there are other traces, such as basalt prisms and volcanic bombs .
settlement
The village stretches from the banks of the Mar Menor along the northern flank of the mountain. It has grown a lot from property speculation, but not as much as the neighboring towns. Many of the holiday homes were built between 1960 and 1990. Since the 2000s there has been a slight increase in construction activity and residents, as the nearby Murcia-San Javier airport enables faster arrival and departure. Even before the Spanish Civil War , a military airfield was built near El Carmolí , which was used by the Spanish Republican Air Force (Fuerzas Aéreas de la República Española) for pilot training ( Escuela de Vuelo de Alta Velocidad ). Later the airfield was only used sporadically by the Spanish Air Force .
Volcanism
The mountain was created about 7 mio. Years in the Upper Miocene , at about the same time as the islands of the Mar Menor already mentioned . It consists mostly of andesite , and shows some picturesque rock formations, such as the "lion's head" (Cabeza de león) on the eastern slope. The rocks are very crumbly, so that the ascent should only be undertaken with caution.
Environment and nature protection
At El Carmolí there are important habitats of rare animal and plant species. There are elements of the Ibero-African flora, such as tree loops of the species Periploca angustifolia (cornical), dwarf palms (palmito, Chamaerops humilis ), the nightshade plant Withania frutescens (oroval) and the silk plant plant Apteranthes europaea (chumberillo de lobo). There is evidence that aromatic and medicinal plants have been collected there since Roman times.
Again and again the mountain was exposed to harmful human influences. During the Spanish Civil War , tunnels were driven into the mountain to store weapons, large areas were damaged by heavy grazing and large areas were changed by industrial settlements and residential buildings. In addition, masses of plants were collected again and again, which already destroyed important parts.
La marina del Carmolí
The Marina del Carmolí is a salt marsh landscape (saladar) north of El Carmolí . It covers an area of 280 hectares , which belongs to the municipalities of Cartagena and Los Alcázares and belongs to the protected area of the Espacios abiertos e islas del Mar Menor natural park .
The Ramblas Miranda and El Albujón run through the salt marshes .
flora
The vegetation in the marina consists mainly of salt-loving halophytes . In the salt marshes dominated by Suaeda vera (Sosa) Sarcocornia fruticosa (salicornias), beach Lilac ( Limonium cossonianum , lechugas de mar) and tamarisk ( Tamarix boveana , tarays). The boxthorn Lycium intricatum (cambrón) is also common. The most important plant communities, however, consist of the Iberian salt steppes (Estepas ibéricas salinas) with their stock of esparto grass (Albardín) and bluish sea lavender ( Limonium cesium , siempreviva morada).
The mouth of the dry valleys are characterized by extensive stocks of reeds ( Phragmites australis , carrizos).
fauna
The endemic and endangered Spanish carp fish ( Aphanius iberus , fartet) can still often be found in the waters and ponds in the protected area .
For several years, the conservation organization "Asociación de Natura Lista del Sureste" (ANSE) committed to the resettlement of Collared Pratincole ( Glareola pratincola , Canastera), which had disappeared from the region and now again with about 20 breeding pairs in the Marina del Carmoli found is.
natural reserve
The Ramblas, which cross the area of the Marina del Carmolí and flow into the Mar Menor , carry highly concentrated herbicides , pesticides and especially fertilizers from the irrigated fields of the Campo de Cartagena , so that the Mar Menor is in danger of eutrophication Develop damage.
For a long time, the Finca de la Marina del Carmolí was subordinate to the Ministerio de Defensa de España, who had maintained a military airport in the area. In 2012, however, the Spanish Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de España) ruled that the site should be returned to the original owners and that the owners had to advance the development.
Both the Monte del Carmolí and the marina are currently under nature protection. As Espacios abiertos e islas del Mar Menor , they have the protection status. In addition, they received the status of a "place of outstanding importance for the nation" (Lugar de Importancia Comunitaria, LIC) and the bird protection directive (Zona de Especial Protección para las Aves, ZEPA) .
Individual evidence
- ↑ murciatoday.
- ↑ Memoria republicana - SBHAC. FARE organization structure
- ↑ Murcia en clave ambiental: El Mar Menor y su entorno, un verdadero tesoro botánico.
- ↑ La Marina del Carmolí, un lugar e Importancia Ecológica en Peligro.
- ↑ Blog 'los pies en la tierra': Las canasteras se quedan en el Carmolí.
- ↑ La Verdad: La contaminación del Mar Menor por nitratos supera hasta en veinte veces la norma europea
- ↑ Blog'Los pies en la tierra 'La Marina del Carmolí cuesta 116 millones
- ↑ Mar Menor- Espacios protegidos.