Émile Borel

Émile Borel

Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (* 7. January 1871 in Saint-Affrique , department Aveyron region Midi-Pyrenees , † 3. February 1956 in Paris ) was a French mathematician and politician .

Live and act

Émile Borel studied at the École normal supérieure , was appointed Maître de Conférences at the University of Lille in 1893 (at the age of 22) and moved to the École Normale Supérieure in 1896. In 1909 he also received a specially set up for him chair for function theory at the Sorbonne ; From 1910 to 1920 he was director of the École Normale Superieure. In 1926 he was the founding director of the Institut Henri Poincaré . In 1921 he was accepted into the Académie des Sciences , which elected him president in 1934. As early as 1918 he was appointed a foreign member of the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome. In 1928 he gave a plenary lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Bologna ( Le calcul des probabilités et les sciences exactes ) as well as in Cambridge in 1912 ( Définition et domaine d'existence des fonctions monogènes uniformes ).

Borel was mayor of his hometown Saint-Affrique. From 1924 to 1936 Borel was a member of the French House of Representatives, and in 1925 was briefly Minister of the Navy. After a short imprisonment under the Vichy regime , he worked for the Resistance .

Borel made fundamental contributions to topology , measure , probability , function and game theory .

In 1905 he was president of the Société Mathématique de France .

With Paul Painlevé he published a book on flight technology in 1910. In 1922 he founded the Paris Statistical Institute (ISUP).

In 1901 he married Marguerite Appell, then seventeen, daughter of the mathematician Paul Appell . She was a writer and published under the pseudonym Camille Marbo.

Fonts

Books:

• Oeuvres scientifiques, 4 volumes, Paris: CNRS, 1972
• Leçons sur la théorie des fonctions, Paris: Gauthier Villars, 1898
• Leçons sur les fonctions entières, Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1900
• Leçons sur les séries divergentes, Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1901
• Leçons sur les séries à termes positifs, Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1902
• Leçons sur les fonctions méromorphes, Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1903
• Leçons sur les fonctions de variables réelles et les développements en séries de polynômes, Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1905
• Le Hasard , Paris: Félix Alcan 1914
• L'espace et le temps , Paris 1921 (German time and space. From Euclid to Einstein , Stuttgart 1931, English Space and Time , Dover 1960)
• as co-author and editor: Traité du calcul de probabilité et ses applications , Gauthier Villars, 3 volumes in several sub-volumes, 1924 to 1934
• Les paradoxes de l'infini , Gallimard 1946 (popular science)
• with Jean Ville: Applications de la théorie des probabilités aux jeux de hasard , Gauthier-Villars, 1938
• with Paul Painlevé: Theory and Practice of Aviation Technology , Library for Aviation and Aviation Technology, Volume 5, Berlin: W. Richard Carl Schmidt & Co., 1911 (Appendix and translation Artur Schöning, French original: L´Aviation, Paris: Felix Alcan 1910 , 2nd edition 1911)

Some essays:

• La science est-elle responsable de la crise mondiale? , Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 51, 1932, pp. 99-106.
• La science dans une société socialiste. In: Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica , 31, 1922, pp. 223-228.
• Le continu mathematique et le continu physique , Rivista di scienza, 6, 1909, pp. 21-35.

literature

• Kenneth O. May : Borel, Émile . In: Charles Coulston Gillispie (Ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography . tape 2 : Hans Berger - Christoph Buys Ballot . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1970, p. 302-305 .
• Pierre Dugac : Notes et documents sur la vie et l'oeuvre de René Baire, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Volume 15, 1976, pp. 297-383
• Maurice Fréchet : La vie et l'oeuvre d'Emile Borel, Enseignement mathématique, Volume 11, 1965, pp. 1-95.
• Edward Collingwood : Emile Borel, J. London Mathematical Society, Volume 34, 1959, pp. 488-512, Volume 35, 1960, p. 384
• Paul Montel , obituary in Compte Rendu Acad. Sci., Vol. 242, 1956, pp. 845-850
• Lettres de René Baire à Émile Borel, Cahiers du séminaire d'histoire des mathématiques, Volume 11, 1990, pp. 33-120, numdam
• Hélène Gispert: La théorie des ensembles en France avant la crise de 1905: Baire, Borel, Lebesgue ... et tous les autres , Revue d'histoire des mathématiques, Volume 1, 1995, pp. 39-85, numdam

Honors

The Rue Borel and the Square Borel (17th arrondissement) in Paris as well as the Borel crater and the asteroid (16065) Borel on the moon are named after Émile Borel .

In mathematics are named after him:

• Borel measure , Borel σ-algebra and Borel isomorphism in measure theory
• Borel Paradox
• Heine-Borel's theorem
• Borel-Cantelli Lemma
• Borel exceptional value in the value distribution theory
• Borel transformation , Borel summation in functional analysis
• Borel's strong law of large numbers

Also named after him are:

• the Center Émile Borel in Paris; this is where the Henri Poincaré Institute is housed
• a lecture hall at the Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse
• the Center Hospitalier Émile Borel in Saint Affrique

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Émile Borel: La théorie du jeu et les équations intégrales à noyau symétrique gauche In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences , 173, 1921, pp. 1304-1308 ( online version ).
2. ↑ Center Emile Borel ( Memento of the original dated November 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ^ Cente Hospitalier Emile Borel

Web links

• John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson :  Émile Borel. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .
• Literature by and about Émile Borel in the catalog of the German National Library
• Author profile in the database zbMATH