Earth station Neu Golm
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Earth station Neu Golm
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| Basic data | ||||
| Place: | New Golm ( Bad Saarow ) | |||
| Country: | Brandenburg | |||
| Country: | Germany | |||
| Altitude : | 53 m above sea level NHN | |||
| Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 50.4 ″ N , 14 ° 5 ′ 15 ″ E | ||||
| Use: | Telecommunication system | |||
| Data on the transmission system | ||||
| Construction time: | 1975 | |||
| Operating time: | 1976-1996 | |||
| Position map | ||||
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The Neu Golm earth station , also known as the Intersputnik earth station , was the only earth station for commercial satellite radio in the GDR . The facility was located on a 29,500 m² site between Fürstenwalde and Bad Saarow . It was built by the GDR's Deutsche Post to participate in the Intersputnik program and officially put into operation on August 1, 1975 after a construction period of two and a half years (the foundation stone was laid in March 1973).
It was a Soviet type Orbita-2 system . The centerpiece was the cylindrical operating building with the parabolic antenna of the type TNA-57 (diameter 12 meters, own weight 40 tons). According to Deutsche Post's own plans, an office building and additional technical buildings used, among other things, for the power supply units were added.
Similar Orbita-2 systems are located in Bulgaria ( Schipka ), the Czech Republic ( Sedlec-Prčice ), Poland ( Psary-Kąty ), Hungary ( Krétakör ), Cuba (near Jaruco ), Mongolia ( Ulaanbaatar ) and Romania , Algeria, Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan, Libya, Laos, Vietnam and most of the successor states of the Soviet Union . In total, there are around 20 Orbita-2 systems and around 400 similar Orbita (−1) systems that were initially only used to receive television signals. The latter are particularly located in the east of the former Soviet Union.
Operation by the Deutsche Post of the GDR
A 1.7 km long TV cable to the directional radio transmission point Dubrower Berge established the connection between the Neu Golm earth station and the television line network. The integration into the telephone network was implemented via a nearby telephone transmission point. Regular telephone operation via the Neu Golm earth station began on April 1, 1976 with two public telephone channels to Havana.
The Orbita systems were developed for the Molnija system. The Intersputnik network also initially made use of the Molnija-3 system with four satellites in a Molnija orbit that was offset by six hours from one another, otherwise with high precision . The antennas of the earth stations were constantly tracking the course of the orbit and swiveled back every six hours on a central start command. An interruption of the transmissions of ten minutes was planned for this. With a well-established operational sequence, the failure could be limited to less than 30 seconds.
In the run-up to the Olympic Games in Moscow , geostationary satellites replaced the Molnija system. The standard satellite for the Neu Golm earth station was Gorisont -2, launched in 1979 , whose position 14 ° West was managed as Stazionar-4 . The technical retrofitting of a second reception channel made it possible to relocate the direction of the GDR television to Moscow for the Olympic broadcasts , which was considered a daring procedure at the time.
Everyday jobs brought the current reporting . GDR television broadcast its contributions to the IVN intervision message exchange via the Neu Golm earth station . Among the overdubs that receive in return in Neu Golm and the television of the GDR have been transferred at that time belonged Service Worldwide Television News from Associated Press .
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Foreign television stations also used the services of the Neu Golm earth station. Orders for ARD and ZDF were of an operationally sensitive nature , especially live broadcasts for Tagesschau and today . Any irregularity could immediately lead to the assumption of a politically motivated disruptive action.
Originally, the Neu Golm earth station could transmit on 6.100 and 6.200 GHz with a bandwidth of 36 MHz each. After the implementation via the transponders of the satellites, this resulted in the downlink frequencies 3.775 and 3.875 GHz. In 1984 one of the two fixed frequency transmitter trains was replaced by new transmitters with a frequency that could be tuned. This made it possible to address the downlink frequencies 3.725 and 3.875 GHz from Neu Golm.
Operated by Deutsche Bundespost Telekom / Deutsche Telekom AG
From 1990 the Intersputnik operation in Neu Golm was continued by Telekom.
In addition, in 1992 Deutsche Welle television began broadcasting on Intelsat position 1 ° West ( operated with the Intelsat 702 satellite at the time ). It was one of the first digital television broadcasts to be implemented before the DVB standards were established . The signal was brought to Neu Golm via DFS-Kopernikus and received there via an antenna with a diameter of 2.4 m. For the broadcast, the earth station received an antenna with a diameter of 4.6 m, which was mounted on the roof of the company building and was given the company name NGO 03 (for "New Golm").
Also in 1992, the strongly increasing demand for communication connections in the Asian part of the Commonwealth of Independent States led to investigations as to whether Neu Golm could also work from the Intersputnik position Stazionar-13 at 80 ° East, which in the Berlin area still has an elevation of 5 ° reached. This turned out to be just about possible with a horizon clearance of 1.5 ° at the earth station. Therefore, a parabolic antenna with a diameter of 11 m was moved from the Wannsee earth station to Neu Golm, set up at ground level together with a technology container and put into operation in 1993 as the NGO 02 antenna . Ultimately, it turned out to be more beneficial to use the orbita antenna, now known as NGO 01 , for the new task and, in return, to use the ground-level antenna for the trunk position 14 ° West, which is much higher above the horizon.
Most recently, telephone and data connections with Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk over 80 ° East and 14 ° West with Moscow and Damascus were made from Neu Golm . Nevertheless, the Neu Golm earth station could hardly be operated economically. The requirements that remained after the increasing shift of telephone traffic to fiber optic cables could be taken over by the Telekom earth stations in Usingen , Fuchsstadt and Raisting . This led to the decision to close the Neu Golm earth station on July 1, 1996.
With the exception of the two large parabolic antennas, the technical equipment of the earth station was largely dismantled. Your buildings have been the headquarters of a technology company since 2002. Visits to the property are not permitted.
literature
- Gerd Klawitter (Ed.): 100 years of radio technology in Germany . tape 2 . Wissenschaft + Technik Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-89685-511-5 , p. 70–84 ( excerpt from Google Book Search [accessed July 12, 2010]).
- Deutsche Telekom AG NL FFO RsWN-Sat (Ed.): Erdfunkstelle Neu Golm " Description of services" . 1994.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Joachim Berndt: The satellite earth station Neu Golm. In: Gerd Klawitter (Ed.): 100 Years of Radio Technology in Germany, Volume 2 . Wissenschaft und Technik Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89685-511-5 , pp. 70-84
- ^ The Gorizont (Horizon) spacecraft. In: russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved July 12, 2015 .
- ↑ Fönster mot TV-världen - Om sattelitsändningar. (Video) Sveriges Television, October 1, 1983, accessed July 12, 2015 . Contains fragments of an IVN transfer of the television of the GDR. The additional identifier NTD that appears in the test image designates the internal structural unit of the telecommunications service .
- ↑ Company history of SENSYS GmbH. Retrieved July 12, 2015 .