Erich Sander (ancient historian)

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Erich Eduard Ferdinand Sander (born July 2, 1885 in Rixdorf near Berlin (from 1912 Neukölln), † August 24, 1975 in Berlin-Neukölln) was a German high school teacher and historian . He is one of the authors of Little Pauly .

Life

Erich Sander, son of the businessman Max Sander, attended the Luisenstädtische Realgymnasium in Berlin. From 1906 he studied classical philology , history and German at the University of Berlin . In 1912 he passed the teaching examination and then did his military service with the Prussian 26th Infantry Regiment "Prince Leopold von Anhalt-Dessau" in Magdeburg , which he left in September 1913 as a non-commissioned officer . In the spring of 1914 he entered the Prussian school service and after a seminar year 1914/15 he became a grammar school teacher in Berlin. After the First World War , in which he as a warrant officer of a reserve infantry regiment and last reserve lieutenant took part, it was in October 1919 for teacher appointed and was given a permanent position at the Municipal 16 secondary school where he taught until 1928th He then went to the Luisenstädtische Realgymnasium, which was renamed Heinrich-Schliemann-Schule in the same year , and finally in 1935 switched to the neighboring Königstädtische Oberrealschule , called Blücher-Schule from 1938 , where he stayed until his retirement in the 1940s.

Sander taught history , Latin , Greek, and German . He had been a member of the Nazi teachers' association since August 1933 . In 1936 97 percent of German teachers belonged to the Nazi teachers' association; 32.2 percent were also members of the NSDAP . Party membership cannot be determined for Sander.

As a part-time job, Sander dealt scientifically with the history of the army , in particular the Romans , but also the Middle Ages and modern times . On this subject, he published more than 30 articles in historical and ancient philological journals, including renowned periodicals such as the historical journal , the Rheinisches Museum für Philologie and the Historia .
There is an application submitted by Erich Sander in 1940 to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for funding of his research project “The Ancient World in the German Army Order”.

Sander was married and had two children.

Nazi science

In spite of all the scientific meticulousness that it partially makes usable to this day, it is noteworthy that Sander's military history writings - especially his evaluations  - are close to the ideology of National Socialism . Even in his writings published after 1945, he often draws on his research published during the Nazi era, quotes them uncritically and continues them without any discernible distancing.

In particular with his research on the relationship of the Jews to the German army, which he published in the 1940s, he contributed to the creation of a National Socialist view of history. The British historian Jonathan Israel , who refers to Sander's assessment of the role of Jews in the Thirty Years' War - which is considered to be a decisive factor in the history of Jews in Germany in the more recent modern times - (which Sander, according to Israel's conviction, is factually quite accurate), attests to one “ anti-Semitic indignation ” typical of National Socialist historiography : the perceived “preference” for Jews by all warring parties has “particularly outraged conservative, anti-Semitic elements in German history”.

Publications (selection)

  • The Germanization of the Roman Army . In: Historische Zeitschrift 160, 1939, pp. 1–34.
  • The Army Organization of Heinrich I. In: Historisches Jahrbuch 59, 1939, pp. 1–26.
  • Ancient and Germanic in the tactics of the Middle Ages and modern times . In: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 31, 1942. pp. 41–70.
  • The Jews and the German army. 1. From the beginnings to the emergence of court Judaism . In: German Archive for State and People's Research 6, 1942, pp. 632–646.
  • The Jews and the German Army 2 . In: German Archive for State and Folk Research 7, 1943, pp. 317-350. 459-501.
  • Defense sovereignty in German cities. A constitutional investigation . In: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 36, 1954, pp. 333–356.
  • To the Arminius biography . In: Gymnasium 62, 1955, pp. 82-100.
  • To the Varus Battle . In: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 38, 1956, pp. 129–151.
  • Roman military criminal law. In: Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 103, 1960, pp. 289-319 ( digitized version ).
  • On the hierarchy of the Roman army .
    • The gradux ex caliga . In: Historia 3, 1954, pp. 87-105.
    • The fleets . In: Historia 6, 1957, pp. 347-367.
    • The duplicarius . In: Historia 8, 1959, pp. 239-247.
  • The clothes of the Roman soldiers . In: Historia 12, 1963, pp. 144-166.
  • The right of the Roman soldier . In: Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 101, 1958, pp. 152–191 ( digitized version ). 193-234 ( digitized version ).

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The seminar year may have been shortened. On the basically transferable situation at German teacher seminars with the outbreak of the First World War, cf. Ulrich Klügel: The Oldenburg Study Seminar 1892–1983. The long road to professionalizing teacher training in higher schools. Julius Klinkhard, Bad Heilbrunn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2133-9 , p. 67 in the Google book search.
  2. ↑ BA -Koblenz R73 / 14153.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German loss lists of the First World War: Edition 1075 of August 1, 1916 (Prussia 595), p. 13688 ( Sander, Erich (Berlin-Neukölln) ); 2001 edition of July 11, 1918 (Prussia 1186), p. 24995 ( Sander, Erich (Neukölln) ).
  2. ↑ a b c Information from the Federal Archives (with a scan of the Sanders index card from the NSLB member index), obtained in February 2019.
  3. ↑ Reiner Lehberger: The troubles of the upright gait. In: Die Zeit 7/1991, February 8, 1991 (review of: Lutz van Dick (ed.): Teacher opposition in the Nazi state. Biographical reports on the "upright walk". Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1990).
  4. ↑ Exemplary: The right of the Roman soldier (in: RhM N. F. 101 (1958), Heft 2, pp. 152–191), pp. 165f. m. Note 77 (excursus on the position of women in the army, where Sander refers to his Nazi publication Germanisches und Antikes im Deutschen Soldierrecht (1940)); P. 190, note 222 (note on the model of the “apolitical” soldier).
  5. ^ Jonathan I. Israel : Central European Jewry during the Thirty Years' War. In: Central European History 16, No. 1 (March 1983), Cambridge University Press, pp. 3-30; to Sanders: p. 18 u. Note 46.
personal data
SURNAME Sander, Erich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sander, Erich Eduard Ferdinand (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German high school teacher and historian
DATE OF BIRTH July 2, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Rixdorf near Berlin
DATE OF DEATH August 24, 1975
Place of death Rixdorf near Berlin