Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)

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Ernst Bergmann (born August 7, 1881 in Colditz , † April 16, 1945 in Naumburg ) was a German professor of philosophy and education and a committed National Socialist .

Life

Bergmann was the son of the Protestant pastor Dr. Ernst Albin Bergmann and the Swiss Marie Louise Linder. He attended the Princely School St. Afra in Meißen and graduated from the humanistic Royal High School in Dresden-Neustadt . From 1902 he then studied philosophy and philology at the University of Leipzig and in Berlin . The doctorate took place in 1905 with a thesis on the ethical problems in the youth publications of the young Germans 1833-35 , the habilitation in 1911 with the work on the foundation of the German aesthetics by AG Baumgarten and G. Fr. Meier . Subsequently taught as a private lecturer at the University of Leipzig. Bergmann took part in the First World War as a war volunteer . Bergmann crashed in 1916 while on duty at the Leipzig-Mockau Military Aviation School and was discharged from the army as unfit for the front. Thereupon he received a position as a non-civil servant professor at the University of Leipzig in 1916 , which he held until his death. Bergmann's disappointment with the political conditions of his time reached back to Bismarck :

“We managed at times to live completely without belief, convictions or longings, with a pathetic surrogate of so-called worldview . Some times after 1870 have the character of a desolate wasteland. "

Bergmann was first married from 1917 to 1921 to a Jewish woman , the daughter of a respected Jewish lawyer, with whom he had a son Peter. In 1927 he married the German-believing daughter of a Leipzig publisher. Since this time at the latest, his anti-democratic thinking has mixed with an anti-Christian attitude, which was also expressed in his writings. Bergmann became a member of the NSDAP on July 1, 1930 (No. 329.503) and of the NSLB on July 1, 1931 (No. 1.158). In 1932 he resigned from the Evangelical Church. He tried to renew German religiosity by creating a "German religion" in the National Socialist sense. At the end of July 1933 in Eisenach , he became a member of the “Working Group on the German Faith Movement ”.

In honor of his son, who died on the Western Front, Bergmann wrote an autobiographical obituary in which he did not mention that this was a " half-Jew ". After the Allies took Leipzig , Bergmann probably committed suicide .

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The young miner was strongly influenced by Nietzsche , especially by his immoralism . His early publications in 1912/14 included the publication of the works of the “French Nietzsche” Jean-Marie Guyau in six volumes. At that time he was also engaged in some works with the work of another French immoralist, Julien Offray de La Mettrie .

In 1933 Bergmann wrote what he called a Confessio Germanica (a Germanic creed), which he also called the German Apostolicum , as a replacement for the Apostolic Creed of the Churches, which he rejected :

“I believe in the God of the German religion, who works in nature, in the high human spirit and in the strength of his people. And to Krist, the helper in need, who fights for the nobility of the human soul. And of Germany, the land of education for the new human race. "

Instead of Christianity , he called for a return to a folk mysticism that overcomes Jewish-influenced Christianity:

“The Odin religion , created by the Nordic-Germanic man, was the most beautiful, most moral and truest religion that people on earth created in ancient times. Christianity appears next to her as a religion of disease and degeneration. "[...]" Everyone knows how large the Jewish part is in Christianity. The Messiah - and atonement idea , the concept of sins - and redemption , the afterlife , creator, reward and punishment glass, the misogynist and maternal Pauline spirit and many other things come from Judaism . "[...]" This religion of the racially inferior has the Germanic soul destroyed. "

Bergmann's “ racial hygienic ” ideas went so far that he wanted to “shovel aside the human rubbish of the big cities” and called for a “breeding policy” which was to “destroy all ballast existences ” to “prevent degenerative life” .

The "National Socialist revolution" looked Bergmann as "the miracle of collecting all the better and nobler under the banners of Hitler and their gradual numerical Overpowering are about male foulbrood of the nation." This enables a "cleansing of the body politic of defective elements" and a "national rejuvenation through Hereditary health care ( eugenics ) ”.

His idea of ​​the role of women also fully corresponded to the Nazi ideology (cf. Women under National Socialism ). The 24th thesis from “The 25 theses of the German religion” reads: “The mother with the child is the truest, loveliest, holiest and most exhilarating of all symbols of the world and of life. The mother figure is the original religious figure from which even the God the father figure borrows its luster. In the German Church, in addition to the male figure of the light hero, the expensive and familiar image of the most blessed mother must not be missing if she wants to be a people's church built according to the principles of the law of life ”.

Two of his books ( German National Church 1934 and The Natural Spiritual Teaching. A German-Nordic Interpretation of the World 1937) were published together with Alfred Rosenberg's The Myth of the 20th Century by Pope Pius XI. put on the index of forbidden books . The book Knowledge Spirit and Mother Spirit provoked attacks from all sides, including in one's own camp. After the end of the war, numerous of Bergmann's writings were placed on the list of literature to be segregated in the Soviet occupation zone and also partly in the German Democratic Republic .

Fonts

Complete bibliography. In: Yearbook on the Conservative Revolution. Cologne: Verlag Anneliese Thomas, ISBN 3-928415-15-8 , pp. 341–358

author
  • The Guyaus philosophy , Klinkhardt, Leipzig 1912
  • The satires of the Lord Machine. A contribution to the philosophy and cultural history of the 18th century. Ernst Wiegandt, Leipzig 1913, digitized
  • Ernst Platner and the philosophy of art of the 18th century . In the appendix, Platner's correspondence with the Duke of Augustenburg on the Kantian philosophy, among others, Leipzig 1913
  • Society, law and the state in the ethics of German idealism . Heidelberg 1917
  • The spirit of idealism , Munich 1918
  • Schopenhauer's doctrine of redemption , Munich 1921
  • The spirit of the XIX. Century. Breslau 1922. Digitized
  • JG spruce. The educator . Leipzig 1915, 2nd probably edition 1928
  • Introduction to philosophy . 2 volumes, Breslau 1926
  • Worldview. Philosophical reader . 2 volumes, Breslau 1926–1927
  • The sinking into queenlessness. Soul story of a modern mystic , Breslau 1932
  • Knowledge spirit and mother spirit. A sociosophy of the sexes . Shepherd, Breslau 1932
  • Germany, the land of education for the new human race. A National Socialist cultural philosophy . Lectures, Breslau 1933
  • The German National Church . Wroclaw 1933
  • Fichte and National Socialism . Shepherd, Breslau 1933
  • The gift from the high soul . Shepherd, Breslau 1933
  • Of the holiness of death . Shepherd, Breslau 1933
  • Germany, the land of education for the new human race. A National Socialist cultural philosophy . Wroclaw 1933
  • German God's teaching . Shepherd, Breslau 1934
  • Nordic-Germanic Faith or Christianity? Peter, Leipzig 1934
  • The 25 theses of the German religion. A catechism . Shepherd, Breslau 1934
  • The German national church . Shepherd, Breslau 1934
  • The formative force in space . Fahrenkrog, Leipzig 1935
  • The great ideas of the German religion . Fahrenkrog, Leipzig 1935
  • Germany, the land of education for the new human race. A national-socialist cultural philosophy . Shepherd, Breslau 1936
  • The mystery of God . Pfeiffer, Landsberg 1936
  • Catechism of Jesuit Morality . Breitkopf u. Härtel, Leipzig 1936
  • The natural spirit teaching. System of a German-Nordic interpretation of the world , Truckenmüller, Stuttgart 1937
  • Guidelines for the German-religious Jugendweih preparation lessons. Fahrenkrog, Leipzig 1938
  • What does the community want? German folk religion . With Carl Peter. Peter, Leipzig, 1939
  • The birth of the god man . Peter, Leipzig 1939
  • About the establishment of German religious faculties. A university educational study . Peter, Leipzig 1940
  • Monument to my son Ulrich. He was killed in an infantry regiment near Duffel in Belgium on May 18, 1940 . Leipzig 1940
  • The little book of the right way of life. A German religious dedication for boys and girls . Peter, Leipzig 1941
  • Small system of the German folk religion . Burg Publishing House, Prague 1941
editor
  • Jean-Marie Guyau: Philosophical Works in Selection. Ed. U. a. v. Ernst Bergmann
    • Volume 1: Verses of a Philosopher. 1912
    • Volume 2: morality without duty. 1912
    • Volume 3: The Irreligion of the Future. 1912
    • Volume 4: Art as a sociological phenomenon. 1912
    • Volume 5: Upbringing and Heredity. 1913
    • Volume 6: The English Ethics of the Present. 1914

literature

  • Karl-Heinrich Hunsche: Ernst Bergmann. His life and work , Breslau 1936.
  • Carl Peter (Ed.): Ernst Bergmann and his teaching , Leipzig 1941.
  • Peter Bahn: Ernst Bergmann. From German philosophy to the “German folk religion”. In: Yearbook Conservative Revolution. Cologne: Verlag Anneliese Thomas 1994, pp. 231-250.
  • Martin Finkenberger: Bergmann, Ernst , in: Handbuch des Antisemitismus , Volume 2/1, 2009, p. 69f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ernst Bergmann: Der Geist des Idealismus , Munich 1918, 26, quoted from: Christian Tilitzki : The University Philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich , Academy, Berlin 2002, p. 356.
  2. ↑ in Kurt Dietrich Schmidt, ed .: The Confessions and Basic Statements on the Church Question of 1933 , Vol. 1, Göttingen 1934, p. 131 from E. Bergmann, Deutsche Nationalkirche, Breslau 1933
  3. ↑ Ernst Bergmann: Nordic-Germanic Faith or Christianity? Leipzig, 1934, 6, 9 and 10, quoted from Kurt Meier: Kreuz und Hakenkreuz. The Protestant Church in the Third Reich , dtv, Munich 2001, p. 107 and p. 108.
  4. ↑ Ernst Bergmann: Spirit of Knowledge and Mother Spirit. A sociosophy of the sexes . Breslau 1932, p. 428ff., Quoted from: Christian Tilitzki: The University Philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich , Academy, Berlin 2002, p. 428.
  5. ↑ Ernst Bergmann: Germany, the land of education for the new human race. A National Socialist cultural philosophy. Lectures, Breslau 1933, 35, quoted from: Carsten Heinze : The pedagogy at the University of Leipzig in the time of National Socialism 1933–1945. Klinkhardt 2001, p. 148.
  6. ^ Ernst Bergmann: The German National Church. Breslau 1933 140, quoted from Carsten Heinze: The pedagogy at the University of Leipzig in the time of National Socialism 1933–1945. Klinkhardt 2001, pp. 148/149.
  7. ↑ Ernst Bergmann (1934): The 25 theses of the German religion: A catechism: Hirt , Breslau 1934.
  8. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-b.html
  9. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1953-nslit-b.html
personal data
SURNAME Bergmann, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher and National Socialist
DATE OF BIRTH August 7, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Colditz
DATE OF DEATH April 16, 1945
Place of death Naumburg