Ernst Schiebold

Ernst Schiebold (born June 9, 1894 in Leipzig , † June 4, 1963 in Magdeburg ) was a German mineralogist who did a great job investigating materials using X-rays .

Life

Beginnings

Ernst Schiebold was born the son of a detective and passed the school leaving certificate there at the Nikolai-Gymnasium in 1913, in order to start studying mathematics, chemistry, physics, mineralogy and geology at the University of Leipzig in the same year . During his studies he became a member of the Ghibellinia Leipzig fraternity . He received his doctorate on June 27, 1919 ( The use of the Lauediagrams to determine the structure of calcite ), in February 1920 he passed the state examination for the higher teaching post . His subjects: pure mathematics, physics, mineralogy and geology. From 1922 to 1924 he was a member of the DNVP , in 1933 he joined the NSDAP . In November 1933 he signed the German professors' confession of Adolf Hitler .

X-rays

During his studies, Schiebold heard about the X-ray examinations of Max von Laue , William Henry Bragg , William Lawrence Bragg , Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye and Paul Scherrer and was very impressed. With the support of his professor of mineralogy Friedrich Rinne , he then began to investigate the structure of matter with these rays. In his dissertation he gave a quantitative method for the evaluation of Laue diagrams, with which he could show the structure of feldspar derived from Bragg in an independent way . As an assistant at the mineralogical institute, he examined the fine structure of the feldspar in particular and, independently of Fritz Sauter, developed a special X-ray method, which became known as the Schiebold-Sauter camera . In this a circular film disk was exposed, which rotated synchronously with the crystal around its center.

material testing

In 1922, Schiebold moved to the Department of Applied Physics at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin, where he used X-rays as a new method to examine metals. That earned him general recognition. Up until now only single crystals had been investigated, but now it was a question of the mutual interaction of crystals in the grain association, which resulted in important findings for industrial application.

In 1926, Schiebold took a scheduled extraordinary professorship for physical-chemical mineralogy, petrography and fine structure at the University of Leipzig , later expanded to include radiology. At 32, he was the youngest professor in Leipzig. Schiebold tried to research the connection between the crystal structure and the physical and chemical properties. His international reputation led many doctoral students to Leipzig. In 1928 he took over the management of the University's Mineralogical Institute. He was also one of the initiators of the event X-ray technology in materials testing at the TH Berlin , which was about the detection, classification and evaluation of defects. These investigations were of the utmost importance for welding technology in bridge and tank construction, and with his systematic investigations, Schiebold contributed significantly to the introduction of the process. In 1929 he was one of the co-founders of the German Society for Technical X-Ray Radiation , and from 1930 to 1938, Schiebold and John Eggert published the six conference volumes, Results of Technical Radiology . In 1935 the Reichsröntgenstelle Schiebold commissioned to carry out radiological examinations for the Central German industry, in 1941 the TH Dresden appointed him as head of the new test and material testing office. With the support of the city of Leipzig and industry, he was even able to set up another institute for radiological raw and materials research, which he also headed.

In a letter to Field Marshal Erhard Milch in early 1943, Schiebold made the proposal for "X-ray weapons" to combat and destroy the crew of enemy aircraft and ground combat troops. He collected the devices from the institute, which had been destroyed in 1943, in order to put them back together into functional instruments.

post war period

In 1945, Schiebold initially helped to rebuild the boiler systems and pipelines in the chemical industry.In 1946 he became the main consultant in the scientific and technical department of the Ministry of Construction Equipment of the USSR, where he carried out structural studies on asbestos and looked for substitute materials for asbestos. In 1949 he headed the physics department of the GDR Iron Research Institute in Hennigsdorf , where he worked with Eduard Maurer . In 1951, Schiebold took over the management of the German Office for Material and Goods Testing in Leipzig, from now on, non-destructive material testing was his main activity until the end of his life.

In 1954, Schiebold was appointed professor of materials science and testing at the newly founded University for Heavy Engineering in Magdeburg , where he set up an institute entirely according to his ideas, which then developed into the center of non-destructive materials testing in the GDR . Schiebold dealt with radiological coarse structure examinations, tension measurements, ultrasonic material testing and magnetic methods. He introduced the materials testing conferences, of which he still led the first three himself. As chairman of the technical committee for materials testing of the KdT , he gave courses in the various fields of non-destructive materials testing. In 1958 he received the National Prize, Second Class for Science and Technology. In 1960 the Magdeburg University of Heavy Engineering made him an honorary senator. In the Kulturbund he was active as chairman of the Otto von Guericke Intelligence Club .

Fonts

• Crystal structure of silicates, 2 parts, results of the exact natural sciences, Springer, Volume 11, 1932, p. 352, Volume 12, 1933, p. 219
• with John Eggert (Ed.): X-ray technology in material testing, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft 1930
• as editor: Stress measurement on workpieces, Leipzig, Akad. Verlagsges., 1938

literature

• Schiebold, Ernst. In: Dorit Petschel : 175 years of TU Dresden. Volume 3: The professors of the TU Dresden 1828–2003. Edited on behalf of the Society of Friends and Supporters of the TU Dresden e. V. von Reiner Pommerin , Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-412-02503-8 , p. 832.
• Klaus-Peter Meinecke:  Schiebold, Ernst . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 2. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Ernst Schiebold in the catalog of the German National Library
• Ernst Schiebold in the professorial catalog of Leipzig University

Individual evidence

1. ^ List of members of the Frankenburg-Bau-Verein eV Berlin 1940, p. 33.
2. ↑ Harry Waibel : Servants of many masters. Former Nazi functionaries in the Soviet Zone / GDR. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2011, ISBN 978-3-631-63542-1 , pp. 286-287.
3. ^ Peter Hepp, Klaus Sauerwein: The secret projects of the Großostheim air base 1943–1944. ( Memento from September 8, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )