Ernst Schmidt (chemist)

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Ernst Albert Schmidt (born July 13, 1845 in Halle , † July 5, 1921 in Marburg ) was a German chemist .

Life

Ernst Schmidt was the son of the starch manufacturer Johann Albert Schmidt (1816-1892) from Halle and the grandson of the starch manufacturer and brandy distiller Johann Andreas Schmidt (1778-1861) from Alsleben . His mother Johanna Sophie Adelheid Schmidt (1819–1870) was the daughter of a landowner from Calbe .

Ernst Schmidt completed an apprenticeship as a pharmacist at the Zum Blauen Hirsch pharmacy in Halle after attending the community school and secondary school up to subprima . After passing the assistant examination in 1864, he worked as a pharmacist's assistant in Neuwied, Mainz, Freiburg (Switzerland), Geneva and Erfurt ( Roman pharmacy ), where he also did the year-long military service, and in Halle.

In 1869 he began studying pharmacy with Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz at the University of Halle and passed the state pharmaceutical examination on May 9, 1870.

In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, Schmidt took part as a field pharmacist.

Since Ernst Schmidt obtaining the doctorate in Prussia due to the lack matriculation examination was not possible, he was on 18 January 1872 of the University of Leipzig to Dr. phil. PhD . After fulfilling the requirements by passing the Abitur examination in Aschersleben in 1872 , he matriculated at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin and worked in the institute at Hermann Wichelhaus . On April 21, 1874 Ernst Schmidt received his habilitation in pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Halle and then worked in the field of pharmacist training.

On April 26, 1878, he became associate professor of chemistry at the University of Halle and, after the death of Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz, took over the management of the chemical laboratory. Schmidt conducted research in Halle on the mode of action of alkaloids ( belladonna , thorn apple ) and worked on the elucidation of the chemical structures of drugs. Since his efforts to establish pharmacy in Halle as an independent subject could not be enforced, in 1884 he accepted an appointment to the professorship for pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Marburg. On October 1, 1884, he became a full professor of pharmaceutical chemistry and director of the Pharmaceutical-Chemical Institute at the University of Marburg and was also chairman of the pharmaceutical examination committee until the summer semester of 1919. On April 1, 1912, he was released from the obligation to hold lectures. Ernst Schmidt resigned from the management of the Pharmaceutical-Chemical Institute at the University of Marburg on April 1, 1919.

With his textbook Comprehensive Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , which appeared in two volumes from 1879 and 1882 in several editions , Ernst Schmidt created the standard-setting work of his time. From 1890 he was together with Heinrich Beckurts editor of the scientific journal Archiv der Pharmazie .

Outstanding research results during his time in Marburg were the discovery of scopolamine in 1888 and the successful synthesis of ephedrine in 1917 together with his student August Eberhard (1887–1960) .

On January 13, 1886, Ernst Schmidt became a member ( matriculation no. 2571 ) of the Leopoldina .

In 1900 he became a member of the Reich Health Council. He was an honorary member of the German Pharmacists Association , the Dutch Pharmacists Association and the Austrian Pharmacists Association as well as the German Pharmaceutical Society and the Austrian Pharmaceutical Society.

On April 2, 1894, he was appointed a secret councilor.

In 1869 Ernst Schmidt received the 1st prize of the Hagen-Buchholz Foundation of the German Pharmacists' Association for a study on the Cubeben .

On July 13, 1915 he was awarded an honorary doctorate (Dr.-Ing.hc) from the Technical University of Braunschweig and on July 31, 1915, an honorary doctor (Dr. med. Hc) from the Philipps University of Marburg. In October 1905 he was awarded the Hanbury Medal of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, and in 1911 the Order of the Red Eagle III. Class and in 1912 the Royal Crown Order II. Class awarded.

Ernst Schmidt was probably the most important pharmaceutical university professor of the 19th and early 20th centuries and was celebrated as the father of pharmaceutical chemistry while he was still alive.

Ernst Schmidt had been married to Johanna Dorothea Marie Schmidt (1853–1942), née Benzler, since 1879, the daughter of the bailiff and landlord in Himmelgarten Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin Benzler. The couple had a daughter (Martha, * 1887) and three sons, one of whom died early. Johann Ernst Schmidt (1880–1941) was a doctor and director of the hospital in Hof, Johann Ernst Schmidt (1880–1941) was an architect, building officer and government master builder in Trier.

Fonts

  • On the effects of liquid phosgene on some amides . Dissertation . Leipzig 1872
  • Contributions to the knowledge of anthracene and chrysene . Habilitation thesis . Halle 1874 digitized
  • Comprehensive textbook on pharmaceutical chemistry. First volume. Inorganic chemistry . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1879 digitized
  • with Emil Löwenhardt : Contributions to the knowledge of the constituents of the coconut grains . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society, 14, 1881, pp. 817–822
  • Comprehensive textbook on pharmaceutical chemistry. Second volume. Organic chemistry . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1882 digitized

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Hermann Knoblauch (Ed.): Leopoldina . Official organ of the Imperial Leopoldino-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists. 22. Issue. In commission at Wilh. Engelmann in Leipzig, Halle 1886, p. 3 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  2. ^ Willi Ule : History of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the years 1852–1887 . With a look back at the earlier times of its existence. In commission at Wilh. Engelmann in Leipzig, Halle 1889, list of members according to the chronological order of their entry from 1860 to December 31, 1887, p. 228 ( archive.org ).
personal data
SURNAME Schmidt, Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schmidt, Ernst Albert (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH July 13, 1845
PLACE OF BIRTH Hall
DATE OF DEATH July 5, 1921
Place of death Marburg