Escobaria

Escobaria
Escobaria vivipara
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales) Family : Cactus family (Cactaceae) Subfamily : Cactoideae Tribe : Cacteae Genre : Escobaria
Scientific name
Escobaria
Britton & Rose

Escobaria is a genus of plants fromthe cactus family (Cactaceae). The botanical name honors the Mexican brothers Rómulo Escobar Zerman (1882-1946) and Numa Pompilio Escobar Zerman (1874-1949).

description

The species of the genus Escobaria are low-growing, single or cushion-forming plants with pressed-spherical to cylindrical stems . They have no nectar glands and no ribs. The warts on old plants often become corky. The elongated areoles extend from the tip of the wart to their center. The usually short, fine thorns are erect and wrap the plant tightly.

The flowers often do not open completely. The flower tube is short and bare. The perianth is ciliated at the edges.

The fruits are usually bare and red, sometimes green or pink, and are spherical or oblong. They contain broad, oval to circular, brown or blackish brown, dotted seeds 1.0 to 1.7 millimeters in diameter.

Systematics and distribution

According to Nigel Paul Taylor , the genus Escobaria can be divided into three sections and groups. The following species belong to the genus:

• Section Pleurantha N.P. Taylor :
  • Escobaria chihuahuensis Britton & Rose
    • Escobaria chihuahuensis subsp. chihuahuensis
    • Escobaria chihuahuensis subsp. henricksonii (Glass & RAFoster) NPTaylor
• Section Escobaria :
  • Escobaria tuberculosa (Engelm.) Britton & Rose
  • Sneedii group:
    • Escobaria albicolumnaria Hester
    • Escobaria guadalupensis S.Brack & KDHeil
    • Escobaria laredoi (Glass & RAFoster) NPTaylor
    • Escobaria orcuttii Boed.
      • Escobaria orcuttii var. Orcuttii
      • Escobaria orcuttii var. Koenigii Castetter, P.Pierce & KHSchwer.
      • Escobaria orcuttii var. Macraxina Castetter, P. Pierce & KHSchwer.
    • Escobaria organensis (Zimmerman) Castetter, P.Pierce & KHSchwer.
    • Escobaria sandbergii Castetter, P.Pierce & KHSchwer.
    • Escobaria sneedii Britton & Rose
      • Escobaria sneedii subsp. sneedii
      • Escobaria sneedii subsp. leei (Rose ex Boed.) DRHunt
    • Escobaria villardii Castetter, P.Pierce & KHSchwer.
  • Vivipara group:
    • Escobaria alversonii (JMCoult.) NPTaylor
    • Escobaria deserti (Engelm. Ex S. Watson) Buxb.
    • Escobaria hesteri (Y.Wright) Buxb.
    • Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxb.
• Section Neobesseya (Britton & Rose) NPTaylor :
  • Escobaria emskoetteriana (Quehl) Borg
  • Dasyacantha Group:
    • Escobaria dasyacantha (Engelm.) Britton & Rose
      • Escobaria dasyacantha subsp. dasyacantha
      • Escobaria dasyacantha subsp. chaffeyi (Britton & Rose) NPTaylor
    • Escobaria duncanii (Hester) Backeb.
    • Escobaria lloydii Britton & Rose
    • Escobaria minima (Baird) DRHunt
    • Escobaria robbinsorum (WHEarle) DRHunt
  • Missouriensis Group:
    • Escobaria cubensis (Britton & Rose) DRHunt
    • Escobaria missouriensis (Sweet) DRHunt
      • Escobaria missouriensis subsp. missouriensis
      • Escobaria missouriensis subsp. asperispina (Boed.) NPTaylor
    • Escobaria zilziana (Boed.) Backeb.

The type species of the genus is Mammillaria tuberculosa . Synonyms of the genus are Neobesseya Britton & Rose , Fobea Frič , Escobesseya Hester , Cochiseia W.H. Earle and Escocoryphanta Doweld .

Escobaria is common in southern Canada and the southern western states of the United States to northern Mexico . Escobaria cubensis is the only species of the genus native to Cuba .

Botanical history

The genus Escobaria was established in 1923 by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose in The Cactaceae . At that time it comprised eight species, six of which were published as first descriptions in the same work. Two of the species came from Karl Moritz Schumann's subgenus Coryphantha of the genus Mammillaria . Since then, the genus has had a rather eventful taxonomic past. Alwin Berger accepted in 1929 Illustrated Handbooks of Succulent Plants: Cacti the genus only in the context of the genus Coryphantha . John Pinckney Hester combined both genera in 1945 to form the new genus Escobesseya .

Since it was edited by Franz Buxbaum in 1951, the genre has been recognized to varying degrees. Their classification in the systematics of the cactus plants changed several times.

Two species that used to belong to Escobaria now form the independent genus Acharagma .

proof

literature

• Edward F. Anderson : The Great Cactus Lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 271-279 .
• Curt Backeberg : Die Cactaceae: Handbuch der Kakteenkunde . 2nd Edition. tape V . Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart New York 1984, ISBN 3-437-30384-8 , p. 2950-2972 .
• NL Britton , JN Rose : The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . tape IV . The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1923, p. 53-57 ( online ).
• Walther Haage : cacti from A to Z . 3. Edition. Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-494-01142-7 , p. 207-211 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Nigel P. Taylor: The Identification of Escobarias (Cactaceae) . In: British Cactus & Succulent Journal . Volume 4, Number 2, 1986, pp. 36-44.
2. ^ Edward F. Anderson : The great cactus lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 272-279 .
3. ^ Desert Plant Life . Volume 17, Pasadena 1945 p. 23
4. ↑ Franz Buxbaum: The Phylogeny of the North American Echinocacteen . In: Austrian botanical journal . Volume 88, pp. 75-81, 1951

Web links

Commons : Escobaria  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Websites with detailed information
• Frank Ulbricht: Frost-resistant escobariums . In: Astrophytum . 16th year, April 2008, PDF online
• Frank Ulbricht: Frost-resistant escobariums . (Photos) In: Astrophytum . 16th year, May 2008, PDF online