Evangelical Church (Leun)

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Church in Leun from the northeast
View from the south

The Evangelical Church in Leun , a small town in the Hessian Lahn-Dill district , is a Gothic hall church from the 14th century. Due to its historical, artistic, urban and scientific importance, it is a Hessian architectural monument .

history

In the Lorsch Codex a donation from Meginhart “in villa liuun” to the Lorsch Monastery is mentioned for the year 771 . A document from 912 certifies a donation from King Konrad I to the Fulda monastery in exchange for properties in Leun and some other places in favor of his mother Glismut .

A church in Leun has been archaeologically proven as early as the second half of the 8th century. The "Martinskirche" located opposite Leun at a ford across the Lahn suggests a Carolingian foundation for Leun and some surrounding villages such as Tiefenbach and the former town of Mitte . In addition to the Theutbirg basilica , it is one of the oldest church buildings in the Lahn-Dill area. In the course of road construction work, the site was partially exposed as early as 1971. In 2015 and 2016, the prehistory seminar of the Philipps University of Marburg carried out excavations, in which an easted , rectangular stone building (17 × 8 meters) made of local diabase with a clover-leaf-shaped east end was proven. It was slated and had polychrome stained glass windows . A bell fragment of a copper alloy weighing around 30 kg from the 13th or early 14th century, remains of an altar or baptismal font made of red sandstone, a square earth cellar south of the church and more than three dozen burials in the immediate vicinity of the church, including in front of the church, came to light Ostapsis numerous children and infants. Martinskirche probably existed until 1350, when it was destroyed by Wetzlar, and is mentioned for the last time in 1386. In the late Middle Ages, Leun belonged to the parish and sending place of Oberbiel in the Archipresbyterat Wetzlar in the Archidiakonat St. Lubentius Dietkirchen in the Archdiocese of Trier . After the Martinskirche was destroyed, today's church was built in Leun in the 14th century.

With the introduction of the Reformation under Pastor Siegfried Textor (1549–1573), the parish switched to the Protestant confession. In 1582, Count Konrad von Solms-Braunfels officially introduced the Reformed Confession, whereupon pictorial representations were removed or painted over. Renovations were carried out in 1597 and 1612, when the nave was extensively redesigned and the galleries were built. During the Thirty Years' War , the parish became Catholic for a few years under the Spanish in 1626, until it returned to the Evangelical Reformed faith under the Swedes in 1632.

In 1907 the north entrance to the galleries was created, in 1930 the pulpit was exposed from the layers of paint. In 1952 the west wall of the tower was broken through for a new portal, which until then was not accessible from the outside.

The parish was part of the Braunfels parish until the end of 2018, which in 2019 became part of the Evangelical Church District an Lahn and Dill in the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland .

architecture

View from the east
Choir vault

The east-facing hall building made of white plastered quarry stone masonry is built in the center of the village at a dominant point on a slope. It stands in the middle of a churchyard, the wall of which was included in the former city fortifications.

The Gothic west tower from the 14th century on a transverse rectangular floor plan is slightly drawn in opposite the nave. The walls of the windowless defense tower are not structured. The tower hall with a low barrel vault was only accessible from the inside until 1952, when the ogival west entrance with a canopy was created. The middle two floors were defensive and equipped with loopholes. The third floor originally had a groin vault and a chimney. Instead of an existing or planned octagonal tower structure, a square fortified storey, probably from the 16th century, is connected, the arched gusset of which leads to the pointed helmet (also probably 16th century). Round-arched sound openings for the bells are let in below the eaves and the clock faces of the tower clock are attached to the south and north in front of the openings. The slated octagonal pointed helmet is crowned by a tower knob, cross and weathercock.

The nave has a slate-covered gable roof . Since 1907, an outside staircase has led to the gallery on the north side. On the long sides there are three rectangular windows with flat segmental arches , on the south side two high-seated and one low-seated window and in the north one high-seated and two low-seated windows. In the south there is a Gothic transept with a hipped roof. The large ogival south window of the transept has tracery that was changed in 1952. The choir on a square floor plan is slightly drawn in. The slated gable roof is slightly lower than the nave. The interior has a groin vault and is illuminated through pointed arch windows in the east and south. A round arch opens the choir, which has been raised by three steps, to the nave.

Furnishing

Renaissance pulpit
Interior

The interior is closed off by a flat wooden beam ceiling with cross beams . The wooden angular gallery on the north and west side was created in 1597 and 1612 and redesigned in 1972. It rests on square posts and has a parapet with rectangular panels. The north gallery bears the inscription of the Bible verse from Ps 26.8  LUT . The south pore of the transept serves as the installation site for the organ.

The choir arch and the walls of the choir windows and the south door are painted with diamond ashlar (around 1600). The groin vault in the choir has tendril paintings in the vault caps.

The polygonal wood-sighted Renaissance pulpit dates from the first half of the 17th century. It is set up on the right side of the triumphal arch and is accessible through a breakthrough from the choir. It rests on a square foot and has inlays on the pulpit panels, which represent an art-historical feature. Presumably it was made from a tunnel cabinet. Corner posts, some of which are decorated with diamonds, and cornices with toothed friezes divide the pulpit fields into two levels. The inlaid panels of the lower fields are inserted secondary and show hunting scenes with riders, dogs and deer, a faceless figure of Christ without the cross and other characters such as a cook, a drummer and a trooper with bird nose. It is unclear whether these representations are of oriental or Spanish origin or are based on such models.

In 1836 Abicht reported two oil paintings depicting the birth and resurrection of Christ, which are now lost.

Bürgy organ from 1808

The brothers Philipp Heinrich Bürgy and Johann Georg Bürgy built the parapet organ in 1808 with 13 stops on a manual and pedal . The instrument has largely been preserved and was returned to its original condition during the last restoration in 2008.

Peal

In 1450, Johann Bruwiller cast a Jesus-Maria bell, which was melted down for armament purposes during World War II. It was replaced by the Rincker company in 1950 . Dilman Schmid cast new bells in 1701; the Holy Trinity bell was a cast.

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Foundry / casting location
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Chime
  		Inscription
nbsp; 		photo
 
1 Prayer bell /
Holy Trinity		 1701 Dilman Schmid , Asslar 935 ges ′ [Angel's head with wings] “IN NOMINE SACRO SANCTÆ TRINITIATIS AMEN. [I] CH WAS LONG BEFORE WHAT I AM NVN AGAIN. DVRCH TILMANS SCHMIDEN KVNST / THE KIRCH FORT BESER SERVEN. HOERSTV MICH SVNDER THINK GOD YOU FOR THE COURT. WILL REQUEST DRVM AWAKE AVF THVE BVS. V. NEED NOT: / IOHA: FRID: HERMINGHAVSEN INSPECT: ET PASTOR. IOH: HENR: LEHMANN PRÆTOR. PHIL: FLEISBACHER CONSVL. HENR. HOFMANN ÆDITVS. CAST A¯N. CHRIST MDCCI: " as well as [ sage leaf] ". THE STAT LEVN BEETT VND SCHLAG KLOCK. " [ Sage leaf], on the reverse a relief of King David with the harp
2 Midday bell 1701 Dilman Schmid, Asslar 830 b ′ [Angel's head with wings] "LORD GOD THREE INTO SEY ALTIME. VNS PROVISIONS FOREVER. THE STAD LEVN AT NOON KLOCK. / I AM ZVM DINST THE CHURCH OF NEVEM GANTZ CAST. AS EVEN NEAR TAVSENT IAHR. SIBEN HVNDERT ONE LEFT. / TILMAN SCHMID KVENSTLICH MADE ME SO FORMIRET. THE LEVNER BVRGERSCHAFT THAT HANGED ME HERE. / RECEIVE MR DISE KIRCH. FVR VNGLVEK BRAND VND SCHADE. THAT TEACHED THE WORD REIN. YOUR GANDE WILL BE AVOIDED. ” And “ IOH: FRID: HERMINGHAVSEN. INSP. / IOH: HENR: LEHMANN. PRÆT. "
3 1950 Rincker , Sinn 745 of'' "GOD'S WORD REMAINS IN ETERNITY" (shoulder)
Christ monogram (flank)
"KEEP US LORD WITH YOUR WORD" and "AD 1950 CAST BY BROTHER RINCKER IN SENSE 7156" (Wolm)

literature

  • Friedrich Kilian Abicht: The district of Wetzlar, presented historically, statistically and topographically. Volume 2. Wetzlar 1836, pp. 110-111 ( online ).
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 557.
  • Friedrich H. Himmelreich: Leuner Chronik. City administration, Leun 1964.
  • Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hesse-Nassau area (= writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 199.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Reinhold Schneider (arrangement): Cultural monuments in Hesse. City of Wetzlar (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1900-1 , pp. 404-405.
  • Magistrat der Stadt Leun (Ed.): History and photo book of the city of Leun with the districts of Biskirchen, Bissenberg, Leun, Stockhausen, Leun-Lahnbahnhof. Meinerzhagener Druck- und Verlagshaus, Meinerzhagen 1986, ISBN 3-88913-106-9 .
  • Robin Dürr, Felix Teichner: "The bell calls to the church ..." - an early medieval sacred building near Leun (Lahn-Dill district). In: HessenArchäologie 2016. 2017, pp. 145–148 ( online ).
  • Robin Dürr, Felix Teichner: The Martinskirche von Leun Investigations into the Franconian regional development in the area of ​​today's Hesse ( online ).
  • Felix Teichner: The Martinskirche von Leun - Investigations into the Franconian regional development in the area of ​​today's Hesse ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Church  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.): Evangelical Parish Church In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hessen
  2. ↑ Magistrat der Stadt Leun (ed.): History and illustrated book of the city of Leun. 1986, p. 7.
  3. ↑ Felix Teichner: The Martinskirche von Leun - Investigations into the Franconian regional development in the area of ​​today's Hesse ( online , accessed on July 25, 2020).
  4. ↑ Dürr, Teichner: "The bell calls to the church ...". 2017, pp. 145–148 ( online , accessed July 25, 2020).
  5. ↑ Kleinfeldt, Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. 1984, p. 199.
  6. ↑ a b Abicht: The Wetzlar district, presented historically, statistically and topographically. Volume 2. 1836, p. 111 ( online ).
  7. ↑ Leun. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on February 8, 2020 .
  8. ^ Frank Rudolph: 200 years of evangelical life. Wetzlar's church history in the 19th and 20th centuries. Tectum, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8288-9950-6 , p. 27.
  9. ↑ a b Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 557.
  10. ↑ Magistrat der Stadt Leun (ed.): History and illustrated book of the city of Leun. 1986, pp. 13-14.
  11. ^ Franz Bösken : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 7.2 ). tape 2 : The area of ​​the former administrative district of Wiesbaden. Part 2: L-Z . Schott, Mainz 1975, ISBN 3-7957-1307-2 , p. 548-550 .
  12. ↑ Hellmut Schliephake: Bell customer of the district of Wetzlar. In: Heimatkundliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lahntal e. V. 12th yearbook. 1989, ISSN  0722-1126 , pp. 5-150, here p. 138.

Coordinates: 50 ° 33 '4.23 "  N , 8 ° 21' 25.97"  O