Evangelical Church (Wohnbach)

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Church from the northwest

The Evangelical Church in Wohnbach , a district of the municipality of Wölfersheim in the Wetterau district ( Hesse ), was built in 1620/21. The rectangular hall church with a hooded ridge is designed as a sermon church and stands for an independent Protestant architectural style in Upper Hesse , the development of which was interrupted by the Thirty Years War . The church shapes the townscape and is a Hessian cultural monument due to its historical and cultural significance .

history

Church from the southwest

A church in Wohnbach can be inferred from the year 1313, as the name of a pleban is mentioned in a document. Since then the church has been a parish church; previously it was a branch in the Send district of Berstadt . In the late Middle Ages, the church belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in the Archdiocese of Mainz . A patronage of Maria is proven for 1473. According to another tradition, it was dedicated to St. Godehard .

With the introduction of the Reformation , Wohnbach changed to the evangelical confession in 1545/1548, was reformed from 1606 to 1612 and since then has been Lutheran again. The patronage was in 1537 with Solms-Lich , probably since 1702 with Solms-Laubach .

"While the Capell in Wonnbach is very old and decayed and indefinitely for further use," writes Johann Jakob Lucius, pastor in Wohnbach from 1676 to 1722, in his chronicle from 1703, the previous Gothic building was replaced by the current church in 1620/1621 . The foundation stone was laid on April 26, 1620, the inauguration on the “Sunday before All Saints' Day”, so after only one and a half years.

Interior renovations took place in 1680/81 and 1909/10. In the 1860s, the east gallery was built for the new organ. The stucco ceiling was secured in 1907 by iron girders from which the wooden beams were hung. In 1910 the western porch was created. In 1955 the church was renovated inside and in the 1970s outside.

architecture

Interior to the east

The east-facing , white plastered hall building with corner blocks on a rectangular floor plan over a base made of quarry stone masonry is built on the western edge of the village. The slope in the south is taken into account by a quarry stone wall. The interior is lit on the north side by two and on the south side by three windows with flat pointed arches in red sandstone walls and accessed through two south portals. The ogival eastern portal is profiled and marked 1620, the western porch bears the year 1910 as an inscription. To the right of the western portal, a red sandstone plaque is attached to the outer wall reminding of the donation by a married couple: "HEN WOLFF AND ANNA SEINE HAUSFRAW STEWREN TO THIS KIRCHENBAW 50 GULDEN ”. The late Gothic window in the west wall was taken over from the previous building.

The square roof turret rises above the gable roof, not quite in the middle, but slightly to the east, and merges into an eight-sided hood with a curved roof. The helmet is crowned by a tower button, a wrought-iron cross and a gilded weathercock.

Furnishing

The interior of the ship is closed off by a flat stucco ceiling that is richly decorated with ornaments from the German Renaissance . The ceiling from the construction period rests on two longitudinal beams, each supported by two slender, round wooden pillars in a marbled frame . Three stucco medallions in three rows each have allegorical and symbolic representations in color. They are surrounded by volutes , leaves, flowers and fruit, scrollwork , grotesques and angel heads and connected to one another. All nine medallions have inscriptions with Bible verses, spiritual sayings or references to the edification of the church and its patron saints. On the south side, the pelican is shown in the middle, feeding four young birds with its blood and meat, an old Christian motif. Two young pelicans are threatened by snakes (the same motif can be found in the Nieder-Weisel church ). Two trumpet angels on the south side flank the pelican scene.

  • Trumpet angel

  • Medallion with a pelican in the stucco ceiling

  • Trumpet angel

In the middle row in front of the west window, the female figure of "Fides" (Faith) can be seen, holding the Holy Scriptures on the left and a cross on the right. The alliance coat of arms in the middle of the ceiling with the coats of arms of Solms and Lobkowitz bears the inscription: “PHILIPPUS GRAFF ZUE SOLMS ETC. SABINA GRÄFFIN ZUE SOLMS BORN FRAW POPLIN VON LOBKOWITZ ”. In front of the east window you can see Christ as "Salvator mundi" with the globe and a cross in his left hand, his right hand is raised in a blessing. The depictions of the Salvator mundi, the trumpet angel and the pelican are reminiscent of the stucco ceiling of the Holzheim church .

  • Figure of the "Fides"

  • Alliance coat of arms of those of Solms and Lobkowitz

  • medallion

In the north-west corner, the double-headed eagle marked 1621 is symbolized by the inscription from Mt 11,28  LUT , while in the middle the female figure of "iusticia" (justice) holds sword and scales in her hands. The medallion with an angel in the north-east section, holding a sign with the maker's mark “PPW”, has the inscription: “ANNO 1620 THE 26TH DAY OF APRIL TO BUILD A HOUSE OF GOD AND HAS BEEN COMPLETED IN THE 1621st YEAR BY GOD'S HELP ".

  • Double-headed eagle

  • Figure of the "iusticia"

  • Angel with the maker's mark "PPW"

Pulpit

The L-shaped galleries with baluster railings in the north and west date from the time it was built. They rest on wooden Tuscan round pillars that are marbled and stand on high cuboid pedestals. The eastern organ gallery from the 19th century is built lower and has a coffered parapet. The undersides of the older galleries from 1621 are also stuccoed with medallions, but in a simpler way with roses in the framework.

The wooden, polygonal pulpit from around 1620 in a blue-red-gray frame on the south wall is designed in the style of the late Renaissance. The crankings of the upper cornice rest on ionizing fluted free columns on corner consoles . The pulpit fields are richly carved: arched fields with carved ornaments and tendrils with fruit between pilasters under a flat triangular gable. An attached parsonage with openwork latticework leads to the pulpit staircase. The pulpit has its counterpart in a sound cover, which is held by a rod that is decorated with wrought iron foliage, leaves and masks. The pulpit is the earliest example of a pulpit in the region that was erected on the long side with no elevations.

organ

Organ brochure from 1866

In the years 1695 to 1699 the church received an organ from master Julius Seyfried (Siegfried), which had eight stops on a manual and attached pedal . The instrument was replaced in 1749 by a new building with twelve registers by Johann Georg Dreuth from Griedel. Another new organ was built in 1866 by Johann Georg Förster (II / P / 12). The present organ was built by Förster & Nicolaus in 1978 behind the neo-Gothic prospect with six pointed arches from 1866.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
Principal 8th'
Gemshorn 8th'
octave 4 ′
Forest flute 2 ′
Mixture III-IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
II Pages C – g 3
Dumped 8th'
Flute 8th'
Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Principal 2 ′
Sesquialter II
Pedal C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Octave bass 8th'

Peal

Foursome

The roof turret houses a four-way bell. In 1662 two bells were cast by Guido Monginot, of which bells in Langsdorf and Hausen have been preserved. The larger bell from 1662 bore the inscription: “SOLI DEO OMNIS GLORIA: EXCLAMATE PATRI SIT LAUS ET GLORIA SUMMA GLORIA SIT CHRISTO ZEPHIRO SIT GLORIA SACRO GLORIA NONNULLIS SECULORUM IN SECULA METIS. GUIDO MONGINOT ME FECIT 1662 ". She had several relief medallions, including one with Adam and Eve. The smaller bell from 1662 had the following inscription: “I WILL BE CALLED THE BELL SOUND. I CALL THE PEOPLE THROUGH MY SINGING, I MOVE AND DRIVE THEM TO GOD'S HOUSE AND HIS WORD. GUIDO MONGINOT ME FECIT AUGUST 9, 1662 ". It was sold to the church in Hausen in 1920. A third bell was purchased for Wohnbach in 1821 and another bell was cast by Philipp Heinrich Bach in Windecken in 1884 . Four Rincker bells have been hanging there since 1949 as replacements for the bells delivered during World War II. They are decorated with inscriptions and reliefs. One carries the Bible verse from Mk 10.14  LUT “Let the children come to me and do not defend them”, two others are provided with song verses: “Only God in high be honored” and “Graciously grant us peace”.

literature

  • Rudolf Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Province of Upper Hesse. Friedberg district. Arnold Bergstraesser, Darmstadt 1895, pp. 288-292 ( online ).
  • Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.2 . Part 2 (M – Z)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 976-983 .
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . Hesse II. Darmstadt administrative district. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. 3. Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 , p. 687 f.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the sovereign lands and the acquired areas of Darmstadt. (Hassia sacra; 8). Self-published, Darmstadt 1935, pp. 293-297.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Heinz Wionski (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hessen. Wetteraukreis II. Teilbd. 1. Bad Nauheim to Florstadt. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-528-06227-4 , p. 1067 f.
  • Ulrich Schütte (Ed.), Gerald Bamberger (Ed.): Wohnbach. In: Churches and synagogues in the villages of the Wetterau. (= Wetterau history sheets 53 ). Verlag der Bindernagelschen Buchhandlung, Friedberg (Hessen) 2004, ISBN 3-87076-098-2 , p. 550 f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Church (Wohnbach)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. 2008, p. 840.
  2. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 1999, p. 1068.
  3. ↑ a b Ulrich Schütte (Ed.): Wohnbach. 2004, p. 550.
  4. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 19.
  5. ↑ Wohnbach. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 29, 2014 .
  6. ↑ a b Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 293.
  7. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 296.
  8. ↑ Ulrich Schütte (Ed.): Wohnbach. 2004, p. 551.
  9. ^ A b State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 1999, p. 1067.
  10. ^ Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 290 ( online ).
  11. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 1999, p. 1067 f.
  12. ^ Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 291 ( online ).
  13. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine . 1988, p. 983.
  14. ↑ Robert Schäfer: Hessian bell inscriptions (PDF file; 37.7 MB), in: Archives for Hessian history and antiquity. 15, 1884, pp. 475-544, here: p. 522.
  15. ^ Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 291 f ( online ).
  16. ↑ Walter Reul: The bell foundry family Bach / Windecken . Ed .: Heimatfreunde Windecken (=  Windecker Museumhefte . No. 1 ). Wind corners 1963.

Coordinates: 50 ° 25 ′ 47 ″  N , 8 ° 49 ′ 30 ″  E