Dreuth (organ builder)

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The German organ building family Dreuth worked in Hesse in the 18th century .

Life

The Dreuth family, sometimes also Drauth or Drutt , were based in Griedel and developed a regional sphere of activity in Upper Hesse. The Dreuth family's predecessors were Conrad Grieb (1638–1689) and his brother Gottfried Grieb (1645–1705) from Griedel. Gottfried's son Johann Henrich Grieb (1677–1724) continued the business. Conrad Grieb jun. (1678–1753) received the same name as his father and also became an organ builder.

Johann Henrich's sister Anna Maria Grieb (* November 23, 1679 in Griedel; † February 2, 1752 in Holzheim ) married Johann Andreas Dreuth (* December 20, 1671 in Griedel; † October 3, 1744 ibid.) On November 24, 1698. Her son Georg Philipp (born September 3, 1703 in Griedel; † March 6, 1761 ibid.) Was mostly called Johann Georg. According to his own statement, he was already the fourth generation to build organs. He is considered to be the most important representative of the Griedel workshop. His son Johann Friedrich (born August 23, 1728 in Griedel; † 1808) can be verified as an organ builder from 1760 and repaired numerous organs. At the age of 80, he may still be installing an organ in Elkershausen near Weilburg. Richard Dreuth is mentioned in 1749 when the new organ was built in Altenburg and Philipp Dreuth in 1764 in Niedergirmes. New buildings are only documented by Johann Georg and Friedrich Dreuth. The family was busy building new organs until 1799 and repairs until 1809.

plant

Almost all of the brochures have been preserved .

Overall, the style of the organ building family is conservative. This is also indicated by the manual range without the large C sharp and the pedal range of one (Altenburg / Bernsburg) or one and a half octaves. The Dreuths tie in with the Griebs brochure design and develop it further. In some of Grieb's organs, the pointed towers protrude directly from the flat field and are not separated from it by pilaster strips ( Griedel , Trais-Munzenberg and Sichertshausen , transferred from Lützellinden in 1893).

The five-axis design of the prospectus, based on a principal 4 ′, with a trapezoidal central tower and two small, pointed side towers is characteristic of Johann Georg Dreuth; Flat fields are placed between the towers. The pipes sit on the lower cornices without attachments. The upper cornices of the pointed towers are pulled through to the central tower. This typical prospectus form has already been proven for earlier prospectuses by Dreuth (e.g. 1736 Dornholzhausen ). B. have already applied to the smaller choir organ in the Arnsburg monastery (1733) and can also be found in his later instruments (e.g. 1756 Volpertshausen). The existing pilaster strips are decorated with carved garlands of fruit or flowers, which are gold-plated or colored. The housing has painted floral decorations, the consoles that connect to the lower housing are decorated and the play cupboards have a structured frame that is offset towards the inside.

Until the end of the 18th century, the family maintained the tradition of a super octave 1 ′, which is characteristic of Dreuth organs; this register, Dreuth's so-called "Leitfossil", is sometimes referred to by him as "Cymbel 1 '" (cf. Arnsburg Monastery , smaller choir organ). In addition, after 1747 the Gamba 8 ′ is a regularly built register. In the choir organ built in 1733 for the Arnsburg monastery, the Gedackt 8 ′ and Quinta flute 4 ′ (3 ′?) Registers were made almost entirely of pure lead and were "indescribably beautiful in tone". The Quintatön 8 'register, installed by JG Dreuth in 1754 to reinforce the 8' position in the organ in Altenkirchen , does not appear anywhere else. As a rule, the Dreuths did not build tongue registers .

For the conception of Dreuth's wind turbines, at least for the Arnsburg monastery (smaller choir organ), three span bellows and the adjacent “wind outlet” can be proven.

In 1763 Johann Friedrich Dreuth installed an organ (from around 1700) in Niederbiel , which among other things had a gamba 8 ′ and an octave 1 ′ and was originally in the hospital church in Wetzlar . In the course of the new church there it was sold to Niederbiel and later rebuilt by Dreuth (I / P / 8). Dreuth received 34.30 guilders for the implementation of the old organ from St. Michaelis in Oberkleen . Dreuth installed other used organs in 1786 in Kröffelbach (I / 4) and in 1789/1790 in Breitscheid (I / P / 10).

List of works

The list of works includes around two dozen well-known new organs.

Italics indicate that the organ has not been preserved or only the historical case has been preserved. In the fifth column, the Roman number indicates the number of manuals , a capital "P" indicates an independent pedal , a lower-case "p" indicates a pedal that is only attached. The Arabic number indicates the number of sounding registers . The last column provides information on the state of preservation or special features.

year place church image Manuals register Remarks
1728-1731 Rupture bridges Ev. church New building; Replaced in 1891
1733 Einartshausen Ev. Parish church New building; Replaced in 1862 by Adam Karl Bernhard
1733 Arnsburg Monastery Monastery church I / P 9 (10?) “Old” (and smaller) choir organ of the monastery basilica; After the secularization in 1807 it was sold to the (no longer preserved) Castle Church of St. Nikolaus in Kransberg and there, after the organ had become unusable in 1832, after the organ was only described as an instrument of "mediocre quality", in 1883 ( Sale of the castle church) canceled.
1736 Dornholzhausen Protestant church
Evangelical Church Dornholzhausen Organ 02.JPG
 I / P 7th New building, attribution; Prospectus received
1740 Villingen (Hungen) Protestant church Evangelical Church Villingen (Hungen) 08.JPG New building, attribution; Preserved prospectus integrated into the new organ from 1904
1742 Annerod Protestant church New building by Johann Georg Dreuth; Replaced in the course of the new church building in 1879
1749 Wohnbach Protestant church I / P 12 New building; Replaced in 1866 by Johann Georg Förster
1749-1750 Altenburg (Alsfeld) Ev. Castle Church I / p 8th New building by Johann Georg Dreuth; Replaced in 1884, preserved prospectus in Bernsburg
around 1750 Albshausen Ev. church
Albshausen Ev. Church (3) .jpg
 I / p 6th originally built for Schöffengrund- Niederwetz , transferred by Walcker in 1955; 1982 new building Günther Hardt behind Dreuth housing ; Prospectus and wind chest received
around 1750 Münchholzhausen Ev. church Münchholzhausen Church (10) .jpg I. New building suspected by Grieb or Dreuth; Replaced in 1937 and expanded with two manuals; Prospectus received
around 1750? Sichertshausen Ev. church
Fronhausen-Sichertshausen - ev church - organ.JPG
 I / p 8th New building by Grieb or Dreuth? Originally transferred to Lützellinden, 1893; Sub-bass 16 'added to the pedal
1751 Königsberg (Biebertal) Protestant church Biebertal-Königsberg Church Organ.jpg I / P 9 New building by Johann Georg Dreuth; Replaced in 1921 by a new building by Sauer, in 1962 a new building by Förster & Nicolaus with reconstruction of Dreuth's disposition behind the preserved prospectus
1752 Niederweidbach Marienkirche New building; Replaced by Gustav Raßmann after lightning strikes in 1892 and 1893
1754 Altenkirchen (Braunfels) Ev. church I / p 8th New building; Replaced by Raßmann in 1840
1754-1756 Philippstein Ev. church I / p 8th New building; Replaced in 1914 by a new building from Walcker; Prospectus received
1756 Volpertshausen Old church Volpertshausen Church Organ brochure colored by Emha.jpg I / p 8th New building by Johann Georg Dreuth; Replaced in 1879 by a new building by the Bernhard brothers , prospectus preserved
1757 Langsdorf (Lich) Protestant church New building by Johann Georg Dreuth; Replaced by forester in 1872
1763 Niederbiel Protestant church
Niederbiel Church Organ.jpg
 I / P 8th Implementation and partial reconstruction of an organ from around 1700 from the old hospital church in Wetzlar
1764 Wetzlar-Niedergirmes Ev. church New building by Georg Philipp; not received
1765 Ravolzhausen Ev. church I / P New building; Prospectus received
1774 Ulm (Greifenstein) Ev. church I / p 9 New building; Prospectus received
1775 Hereditary City Protestant church
Erbstadt - Ev. Church (inside) (003) .JPG
 I / P 12 New building; Prospectus and 6 registers received
1778-1781 Wolfenhausen Protestant church I / P 8th New building; received rebuilt
1781-1784 Burg-Graefenrode Ev. church
Burg-Graefenrode Organ.jpg
 I / P 11 New building; Replaced by Förster & Nicolaus in 1914; Housing received
1786 Assenheim (Niddatal) Ev. church I / P 15th New building by Friedrich Dreuth, the prospectus differs from Dreuth's construction and seems to come from another hand; Rebuilt in 1861 by Karl Bernhard and replaced by Link in 1928; A nine-part brochure with round towers and two-story flat fields received
1798-1800 Oberwetz Ev. church Oberwetz Ev. Church (12) .jpg I / P 10 Friedrich Dreuth rebuilds a side organ; Replaced by Weigle in 1930; Prospectus received

literature

  • Hans Martin Balz , Reinhardt Menger: Old organs in Hessen and Nassau (=  publication of the Society of Organ Friends . Volume 72 ). 2nd Edition. Merseburger, Kassel 1997, ISBN 3-87537-169-0 .
  • Franz Bösken : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 6 ). tape 1 : Mainz and suburbs - Rheinhessen - Worms and suburbs . Schott, Mainz 1967, ISBN 978-3-7957-1306-5 .
  • Franz Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 7.1 ). tape 2 : The area of ​​the former administrative district of Wiesbaden. Part 1: A-K . Schott, Mainz 1975, ISBN 3-7957-1307-2 .
  • Franz Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 7.2 ). tape 2 : The area of ​​the former administrative district of Wiesbaden. Part 2: L-Z . Schott, Mainz 1975, ISBN 3-7957-1370-6 .
  • Franz Bösken, Hermann Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.1 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 1: A-L . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 .
  • Franz Bösken, Hermann Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.2 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 2: M-Z . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 .
  • Eckhard Trinkaus: organs and organ builders in Griedel. In: Dieter Betram (ed.): The church in Griedel. History of the parish and its church. Butzbach 1986, pp. 81-85.
  • Krystian Skoczowski : The organ building family Zinck. A contribution to the research of organ building in the Wetterau and the Kinzig valley in the 18th century. Haag + Herchen, Hanau 2018, ISBN 978-3-89846-824-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Skoczowski: The organ builder family Zinck. 2018, p. 28.
  2. ↑ Skoczowski: The organ builder family Zinck. 2018, p. 29.
  3. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 1. 1967, p. 35.
  4. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. : Volume 3, Part 1, A-L . 1988, p. 405.
  5. ↑ Trinkaus: organs and organ builders in Griedel. 1986, pp. 82, 84.
  6. ↑ Cf. Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine , Volume 2, Part 1: A – K. 1975, p. 137.
  7. ↑ Skoczowski: The organ builder family Zinck. 2018, p. 301.
  8. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3, Part 2: M-Z. 1988, p. 980.
  9. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 2: L – Z. 1975, p. 724.
  10. ^ Kransberger Chronik (Walter), year 1807; the register is then, unusually, only occupied once.
  11. ^ Kransberger Chronik (Walter), year 1807.
  12. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 1: A – K. 1975, p. 23 f.
  13. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 2: L – Z. 1975, p. 650.
  14. ^ Kransberger Chronik (Walter), year 1807.
  15. ↑ Friedrich Dreuth was suspected to be the builder for Langenbach , but this does not match the design of the prospectus ( organ in Langenbach ), accessed on September 18, 2018.
  16. ↑ Erwin Glaum, Hans-Gerhard Stahl: The Protestant St. Michaelis Church in Oberkleen (= Oberkleener Heimathefte , Vol. 3). 3. Edition. Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Oberkleen, Oberkleen 2015, pp. 76–77.
  17. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 1: A – K. 1975, p. 102.
  18. ↑ Skoczowski: The organ builder family Zinck. 2018, pp. 30–31.
  19. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3, Part 1: A – L. 1988, p. 152 f.
  20. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3, Part 1: A – L. 1988, p. 273 f.
  21. ↑ Inventory of the Kransberg parish, 1832
  22. ↑ Kransberger Chronik (Walter), year 1807. Amazingly, the 2 'position is missing in this source and the quinta flute is given as 4'. However, this is probably due to transcription errors by the chronicler, so that instead of quinta flute 4 'quinta flute 3' is given and the disposition such as B. in Altenkirchen to add an octave 2 '.
  23. ^ The History of Villingen , accessed April 7, 2018
  24. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3, Part 1: A – L. 1988, p. 69.
  25. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3, Part 2: M-Z. 1988, pp. 979-983.
  26. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. : Volume 3, Part 1, A-L . 1988, pp. 57 f, 108.
  27. ↑ State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse (ed.): Evangelical Parish Church Albshausen In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse , accessed on April 7, 2018.
  28. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 1: A – K. 1975, p. 515.
  29. ^ Frank Rudolph: Evangelical Marienkirche Niederweidbach , pp. 7–8; accessed on April 19, 2020.
  30. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 1: A – K. 1975, p. 23 f.
  31. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 2: L – Z. 1975, p. 714 f.
  32. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 2: L – Z. 1975, p. 784.
  33. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3, Part 1: A – L. 1988, p. 551.
  34. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 2: L – Z. 1975, p. 771 f.
  35. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 2: L – Z. 1975, p. 898.
  36. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3, Part 1: A – L. 1988, p. 201 f.
  37. ↑ Skoczowski: The organ builder family Zinck. 2018, pp. 31, 227, 299.
  38. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3, Part 1: A – L. 1988, pp. 80-93.
  39. ^ Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 2, Part 2: L – Z. 1975, p. 704 f.