Niederweidbach

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Niederweidbach
Bischoffen parish
Niederweidbach coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 7 ″  N , 8 ° 29 ′ 6 ″  E
Height : 287 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.17 km²
Residents : 1014  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 124 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35649
Area code : 06444
Town view with St. Mary's Church
Town view with St. Mary's Church

Niederweidbach is the second largest district of the municipality of Bischoffen in the Lahn-Dill district in Central Hesse . The seat of the municipal administration is also located here .

geography

View of Niederweidbach over the Aartalsee
Niederweidbach with the eastern area of ​​the Aartalsperre
Niederweidbach with St. Mary's Church

Located between the villages of Bischoffen , Oberweidbach , Roßbach , Mudersbach and Ahrdt , Niederweidbach is located directly on the Aartalsee and the section of the Bundesstraße 255 between Herborn and Gladenbach . The place arose mainly because of its strategically favorable position on the younger Cologne-Leipzig trade route in the Aar valley in the High Middle Ages .

history

The oldest known written mention of Niederweidbach under the name Weidenbach can be found in Codex Eberhardi and is assigned to the period between 780 and 802, the term of office of Bishop Baugulf in Fulda. The year 802 was first mentioned in Niederweidbach, which is why the 1200th anniversary celebration took place in 2002 together with Oberweidbach. The translation of this document reads:

"Berenwic handed over his goods to St. Boniface in the village of Weidenbach, which he owned there in fields, meadows, pastures, forests, houses, servants and their descendants".

In the following centuries, documents repeatedly referred to Wedebach, Weydbach or Konrad Weydebechere or Krug von Weidbach as a name. It was not until the years between 1333 and 1339 that there was a differentiation to the neighboring Oberweidbach: In 1333 Count Johann von Solms bought farms and fields in Niederweidbach from the knight Margolf von Günse. In 1339 the Count of Solms was assigned the Hörige in Oberweidbach. The Counts of Gleiberg are mentioned for the first time in 1075 , Niederweidbach was part of their territory. In 1168 the Counts of Solms are said to have inherited the area from the Counts of Gleiberg. In 1255 the Counts of Solms split their land, Niederweidbach comes to Solms-Königsberg. In 1257 the Counts of Solms-Königsberg signed a friendship treaty with the Hessian landgrave for the first time. A long battle of the lines of the Counts of Solms ensued. Since 1350 or 1357 Solms-Königsberg has been ruled jointly by the Counts of Solms and the Hessian landgrave. In 1533 Niederweidbach became Lutheran, in 1567 it became part of Hesse-Marburg, in 1604 part of Hesse-Kassel, in 1629 part of Hesse-Darmstadt, and in 1866 it became Prussian.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Niederweidbach in 1830:

"Niederweidbach (L. Bez. Gladenbach) evangel. Branch village; is 2 1 ⁄ 2  hours from Gladenbach, has 97 houses and 515 inhabitants, all of whom are Protestant except for 23 Jews. There is a chapel and 2 grinding mills, and good roofing slate in the area, which is not used. The inhabitants live exclusively from agriculture and cattle breeding, and are consistently wealthy people who own many community forests. - Niederweidbach came exclusively to Hesse through the main comparison with Solms on October 30, 1629, in which the offices of Königsberg and Hohensolms were divided. "

Niederweidbach had its own Jewish community . From 1842 there was also a synagogue in the village , which was designed for 29 men and 14 women. In the pogrom night of 9/10 November 1938 the interior was devastated. Due to its dilapidation, the old synagogue in Niederweidbach was probably demolished in 1949. The cemetery of the Jewish community is located above Niederweidbach.

Territorial reform

As part of the municipal reform in Hesse on July 1, 1974, the municipalities Bischoffen, Niederweidbach were Oberweidbach and Wilsbach powerful state law to the new greater community Bischoffen together . On April 1, 1972, the Roßbach community was incorporated into the Niederweidbach community. Due to its geographical location and economic orientation, the municipality of Bischoffen was also assigned to the Wetzlar district on July 1, 1974, and with this it was transferred to the Lahn-Dill district on January 1, 1977. Local districts were established for all formerly independent communities .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Niederweidbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords and thus the "Koenigsberg Office" was responsible for Niederweidbach. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts in 1821 as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. " District Court Gladenbach " was therefore from 1821 to 1866 the name of the court of first instance that was responsible for Niederweidbach.

After the Biedenkopf district was ceded to Prussia as a result of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Prussia , the district of Gladenbach became Prussian. In June 1867 a royal decree was issued that reorganized the court system in the former Duchy of Nassau and the parts of the area that had previously belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous regional court was renamed the Gladenbach District Court. The courts of the higher instances were the District Court of Dillenburg and the Court of Appeal in Wiesbaden . Due to the Courts Constitution Act of 1877, the district court changed to the district of the newly established Marburg Regional Court with effect from October 1, 1879 .

From October 1, 1944 to January 1, 1949, the Gladenbach District Court belonged to the Limburg District Court , but then again to the Marburg District Court . On July 1, 1968, the Gladenbach District Court was repealed, which from then on only served as a branch of the Biedenkopf District Court . On November 1, 2003, this branch was finally closed. With the move from Niederweidbach in 1974 to the Wetzlar district, it was also assigned to the area of ​​the Wetzlar District Court . The higher-level instances are now the Limburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 037 house seats
• 1677: 029 house grounds, 23 men, 6 widows, 1 Neumann, 12 residents , 4 young teams
• 1742: 103 households
• 1791: 455 inhabitants
• 1800: 445 inhabitants
• 1806: 448 inhabitants, 84 houses
• 1829: 515 inhabitants, 97 houses
Niederweidbach: Population from 1791 to 2019
year     Residents
1791
  
 455
1800
  
 445
1806
  
 448
1829
  
 515
1834
  
 511
1840
  
 513
1846
  
 553
1852
  
 530
1858
  
 559
1864
  
 468
1871
  
 440
1875
  
 445
1885
  
 426
1895
  
 424
1905
  
 437
1910
  
 448
1925
  
 480
1939
  
 515
1946
  
 734
1950
  
 772
1956
  
 760
1961
  
 779
1967
  
 867
1970
  
 912
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 1,047
2015
  
 1,072
2019
  
 1.014
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2015: web archive; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

1829: 492 Protestant and 23 Jewish residents
1885: 383 Protestant, no Catholic and 43 Jewish residents
1961: 615 Protestant (= 78.95%), 134 Roman Catholic (= 17.20%) residents

Village names / house names

Village names in Niederweidbach have passed since the Middle Ages, resulting house names that can be attributed to the former owner's name of each house in the village center. It often happens in the common language of the village that not only addresses, but also people or families are named after their house name, even if they have nothing to do with the actual owners.

Main street : Rensche, Gehonns, Frankes, Konzellwis, Balsersch, Scholtesse, home, Jeffelipse, Petze, Kesselersch, Homberesch, Konzoikops, Bernetz, Schefers-Wirts, Honses, Doktersch, Schul, Kitzenings, Elzersch, Schmidtsbauer, Metzgehons, Schmidkarls, Onneborwes, Honsdenges, Ondrese, Herrn, Honjustes, Lehnjes, Blohe, Schusters

Mittelstrasse : Aikdroinersch, Gröschdois, Zöllersch, Herrn, Hoaze, Schmids, Schmidjes, Homs, Liehfousse, Hongels, Beckersch, Lotze, Ellise, Justes

Gartenstrasse : Liehes, Liwisshoingersch, Schroinersch, Sommersch, Hornzingersch, Roths, Ludwichs, Hecks, Woasch, Liwiss, Doinges

Schulstrasse : Fousse, Ottjes, Konroads, Ihwe, Engges, Rohzennis, Weisbinnersch, Aicks, Strombewersch, Stoffels, Bretsch

Kirchstrasse : Ihweschneiresch, Binze, Dommbuschs, Krimersch, Neuroths

Some Jewish families also had village names, e.g. E.g .: Davids, Jonnes, Maijesch, Monnes, Monowels, Nates, Schmuls

politics

Local advisory board

Niederweidbach has a five-person local council with a local councilor . After the local elections in Hesse in 2016 , the mayor is Marco Herrmann.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved on October 28, 1958 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior .

Blazon : “In green, a silver, wave-shaped oblique left bar under a golden shell .” The green base of the Niederweidbach coat of arms symbolizes the cattle pasture , from which the place name can be derived. The above-mentioned oblique left bar symbolizes the syllable "-bach" of the place name. The golden shell that can still be found in the coat of arms refers to the scallop shell that can be found in the brim of the hat of St. Place of pilgrimage .

Attractions

Cultural monuments

See the list of cultural monuments in Niederweidbach

Dead linden tree

After the completion of the Marienkirche around 1520 a cemetery was built around the church. Until 1827, not only the deceased from Niederweidbach, but also those from Oberweidbach and Roßbach were buried in this cemetery. The latter were brought in a funeral procession to Niederweidbach, where they were received on the Weidbacher Berg, the church already in sight. At this point of waiting and reception, the Roßbachers planted a linden tree, the so-called "dead linden tree". The end of the almost 500 year old, proudly grown tree finally meant the great thunderstorm in August 2003, under whose influence it completely shattered. In memory of the old custom of funeral procession over the mountain and the old linden tree, a new linden tree was planted on November 7, 2003 in the presence of Mayor Harald Semler, Niederweidbach mayor Marco Herrmann and pastor Frank Rudolph. The linden tree shows the close connection, also the close church-historical connection, between the two villages.

literature

  • 802–2002 - Weidbach 1200 years - A home book. published by the Weidbacher Vereine eV interest group in 2002 for the 1200th anniversary of Niederweidbach and Oberweidbach
  • Archive of the Evangelical Church Community Niederweidbach.
  • Beierlein, Karl-Bernd: Report on the interior renovation of the Evangelical Church in Niederweidbach. in: Dieter Schwarz (Hrsg.): 500 years Marienkirche in Niederweidbach. Wetzlar: Wetzlardruck, 2001, 67–79.
  • Bezzenberger, Günter E. Th .; Fischer, Beatus (ed.): Churches worth seeing in the church areas of Hesse and Nassau and Kurhessen-Waldeck, including the Rhine-Hessian church districts of Wetzlar and Braunfels. Kassel / Frankfurt: Evangelical Press Association Kurhessen-Waldeck and Evangelical Press Association Hesse and Nassau, 1987.
  • Dehio, Georg: Handbook of the German art monuments, Hessen. Modifications made by Magnus Backes. Munich / Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1966.
  • Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Cultural monuments in Hessen. Lahn-Dill-Kreis II. Theiss-Verlag, 2003.
  • Dittmann, Andreas: The Marienkirche to Niederweidbach. Church building and artistic creation as instruments of late medieval political interests in the Hessian hinterland. In: Interest group Weidbacher Vereine eV (Ed.): 802–2002. Weidbach 1200 years. A home book. Marburg: Druckhaus Marburg, 2002, 61–99.
  • Kloos, Hermann: In the headwaters of the Aar. Our closer home then and now. I. Volume. Niederweidbach 1967.
  • Kloos, Hermann: In the headwaters of the Aar. Our closer home then and now. II. Volume. Niederweidbach 1968.
  • Rudolph, Frank: Small anniversaries and anniversaries in 2005. From the parish history of the Niederweidbach parish. In: Together. Community letter of the Evangelical Church Community Niederweidbach, No. 41, March to April 2005, 24–31.
  • Rudolph, Frank: Small anniversaries and anniversaries in 2006. From the parish history of the parish Niederweidbach. In: Together. Community letter of the Evangelical Church Community Niederweidbach, No. 45, March to May 2006, 23–30.
  • Rudolph, Frank: Our Marien Altar after the restoration. In: Together. Community letter of the Evangelical Church Community Niederweidbach, No. 41, March to April 2005, 18–23.
  • Rudolph, Frank: Art .: Döring, Hans. In: BBKL Vol. 28 (2007) --- (on the Internet at www.bautz.de)
  • Rudolph, Frank: Art .: Philipp von Solms-Lich. In: BBKL Vol. 28 (2007), --- (on the Internet at www.bautz.de)
  • Schwarz, Dieter: The history of the Evangelical Luth. Parish Niederweidbach. In: Interest group Weidbacher Vereine eV (Ed.): 802–2002. Weidbach 1200 years. A home book. Marburg: Druckhaus Marburg, 2002, 36–60.
  • Uhlhorn, Friedrich: History of the Counts of Solms in the Middle Ages. Marburg: University printing house Joh.Aug. Koch, 1931.
  • Literature about Niederweidbach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Niederweidbach  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Niederweidbach on the website of the Bischoffen community , accessed in April 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Niederweidbach, Lahn-Dill district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of February 14, 2020). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  3. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 192 ( online at google books ).
  4. ↑ Thea Altaras : The Jewish ritual immersion baths in Hesse and: Synagogues in Hesse - What happened since 1945? Part II . Verlag Karl Robert Langewiesche, Königstein im Taunus 1994, p. 80 .
  5. ^ Thea Altaras: Synagogues in Hessen - What happened since 1945? Verlag Karl Robert Langewiesche, Königstein im Taunus 1988, ISBN 978-3-7845-7790-6 , p. 91 .
  6. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 19 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  7. ↑ Gerstenmeier, K.-H. (1977): Hessen. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation. Melsungen. P. 283
  8. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 22 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  9. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  11. ^ The affiliation of the Königsberg office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  12. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 points 1 & 1 # 41; and 6b & 1 # 41; ( Online at google books ).
  13. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  202 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  14. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 8th f . ( Online at google books ).
  15. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  266 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  16. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 420 ( online at Google Books ).
  17. ↑ Art. 14 of the peace treaty between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Prussia of September 3, 1866 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. pp. 406-407 )
  18. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories excluding the Meisenheim district of June 26, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1094–1103 )
  19. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 26th J. in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories, with the exclusion of the Oberamtsbezirks Meisenheim, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 218-220 )
  20. ↑ Ordinance regarding the establishment of local courts of July 26, 1878 ( PrGS 1878, pp. 275–283 )
  21. ↑ Decree amending the higher regional court districts of July 20, 1944 ( RGBl. I p. 163 )
  22. ↑ Subject: Court organization (change of district court districts) of December 14, 1948 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1948 no. 52 , p. 563 , item 728 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3,4 MB ]). )
  23. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 6 b) and Article 2, Paragraph 8 a) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  24. ↑ Subject: Court organization (establishment of branches of local courts) of July 1, 1964 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 28 , p. 1037 , point 777: Section 1, Paragraph 5 ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  25. ↑ Third ordinance on the adjustment of the organizational rules of the court (changes GVBl. II 210–33; GVBl. II 210–86) of October 10, 2003 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2003 No. 16 , p. 291 , Article 1, Paragraph 3) ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 531 kB ]). refers to the order on the establishment and jurisdiction of judicial branches (changes GVBl. II 210-33) of May 24, 1974 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 18 , p. 539 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.6 MB ]).
  26. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  220 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  27. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  28. ↑ Niederweidbach local advisory board on the municipality's website, accessed in May 2019.