Evangelical Reformed Church in Holzheim
The Evangelical Reformed Church in Holzheim , a district of Pohlheim in the district of Gießen ( Hesse ), is a baroque hall church built in 1631/32 . The magnificent stucco ceiling and the painting of the window frames were made possible because Landgrave Philip III. von Hessen-Butzbach temporarily introduced the Lutheran creed and promoted the building of the nave. The medieval tower shaft dates from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century. With its two-storey spire, the church shapes the townscape and is a Hessian cultural monument .
history
Holzheim is first mentioned in a document on May 24th 790 in the Lorsch Codex . In 793, an early medieval basilica was given to Lorsch Abbey , which was dedicated to St. Peter was consecrated. It was probably located in Klein-Holzheim, west of today's town, which was no longer populated from the 14th century. Another church in (Groß-) Holzheim with the patronage of St. Nazarius is documented in 823. When Holzheim parish in Grüningen in 1276 and its branch was established, the residents had to travel to the neighboring town for services and casuals . The Grüninger mother church had the right of patronage at that time . In 1309 Holzheim was raised to an independent parish, but in 1380 it was added to the Gambach office and Arnsburg monastery was incorporated. Until its dissolution in 1803, the monastery exercised patronage over the church. In the late Middle Ages, Holzheim belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in the Archdiocese of Mainz . The building structure in the tower and the small Romanesque gate in the eastern perimeter wall point to a new church building in the late Middle Ages (13th century). The new church was built on the site of the Nazarius church and dedicated to Saints Barbara , Katharina and Maternus .
The church turned to the Reformation around 1556 and received the first Protestant pastor in 1566, who was appointed by the abbot of Arnsburg monastery . The right to present the Protestant pastors remained with the monastery even after the introduction of the Reformation. In return, the Protestant pastors had to undertake not to rail against the Catholic monastery. The first renovations in the sense of a Protestant preaching church took place in 1571 when a men's gallery was built. In 1582, Count Konrad von Solms-Braunfels officially introduced the Reformed Confession, whereupon the furnishings from the Catholic period were removed. The two side altars, pictures, crucifixes and other things were removed and the main altar was replaced by a communion table.
At the end of the 16th century, despite ongoing repairs, the church became increasingly abandoned. The old tower was built in 1631/1632 with the support of Landgrave Philip III. a new nave was added and, at his suggestion, his full coat of arms was attached over the north portal, the stucco ceiling was richly designed and the interior of the church was painted. During the Thirty Years' War , as the new sovereign according to the motto Cuius regio, eius religio , he brought about a change to the Lutheran confession, so that the parish became temporarily Lutheran between 1624 and 1648. After the war it returned to the Reformed denomination when Holzheim fell back to Solms-Braunfels. Originally the church only had a west gallery. An organ was there from the start, but its location is not known. In the course of the new church building, more windows were broken into the tower. The north galleries were built as early as the 17th century.
Dorf-Güll has formed a joint parish with Holzheim since 1761 and was parish off in 1900. The paintings in the Holzheim church were whitewashed in the 18th century and only exposed again in 1932. The east gallery was enlarged for the new organ in 1830. The growing number of inhabitants required more seats in the church. While less than 500 people lived in Holzheim when the church was built, around 800 adult worshipers and 200 children were counted on three Sundays between 1885 and 1887. In 1852, the interior was redesigned again: the space was given its symmetrical shape by a south pore. The old pulpit was placed on the central axis between the organ and the altar. It was previously attached to the south wall, where the hook for hanging the sound cover can still be seen. Despite the multiple expansion of the squares, the number was insufficient in the 19th century. The men in the gallery took turns sitting halfway through the sermon. Only from 1930 onwards was there a gradual decline in church attendance.
Two large stoves were installed in 1883, which were replaced by an electric night storage heater in 1957 and an oil heater in 1964. The interior was painted in 1905, whereby the church council refused to expose the flower garlands that were shown on the gallery parapet, with reference to the strictly reformed community. A church renovation followed in 1932. Among other things, the individual parts of the pulpit cover that had been preserved in the attic, which had been replaced by a new one made of tinplate in 1863, were put together and completed. In addition, the old paintings on the windows and the gallery fillings were exposed again. The stucco ceiling was repaired in 1958 and the color was renewed in 1968/69. The exterior was renovated from 1961 to 1963. A new floor under the church stalls and a new choir stalls were created during an interior renovation between 1964 and 1966. Further repairs and renovations followed in the 1970s to 1990s.
A comprehensive repair of the roof and ceiling construction, which was followed by an interior renovation, was carried out from 2012 to 2014. Moisture caused damage to the rafters and ceiling beams in the area of the base points and supports on the side masonry, so that the stucco work and a new covering of the slate in the old German style on the south and east sides and the tower hood were necessary. The parish has to raise a fifth of the expected costs of 700,000 euros.
architecture
The church is slightly raised in the center of the village in the middle of a wall made of quarry stone. The oldest structure is the high medieval tower from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century, which also serves as the main entrance and porch. It stands in the west of the nave on a square floor plan (6.25 × 6.95 meters) and has a wall thickness of 1.40 meters. The masonry substructure made of basalt quarry stone with corner blocks made of lung stone rises 16.75 meters above a low sandstone plinth with a slope . The two floors are separated by a sandstone cornice at a height of 7.50 meters. A wooden cornice forms the upper end of the substructure. On the north and south sides under the top of the wall, a small, rectangular window with sandstone walls was probably broken in during the renovation in 1631 . In contrast, the bevelled pointed arch portal with sandstone walls and the coupled and bevelled double window above the entrance date from the Gothic period. On the west side of the upper floor there are three small, pointed-arched windows. The two-storey, eight-sided tower spire with a curved hood measures 16.20 meters from the top of the wall to below the top of the tower. On both floors, all eight sides of the octagon have arched openings with wide blinds . The entire slate wooden structure made of oak is essentially unchanged. It is crowned by a tower button, cross, wind vane and a cock. The year 1633 is stamped into the wind vane. The belfry houses three bronze and two iron bells. The total height of the tower is 37 meters.
The rectangular, almost geostete plan view of the baroque Saalkirche 24.90 × 12.20 meters has on the east side, a 3/8 chancel. The base is bevelled like the tower. To date, the building has not undergone any major structural changes. The Gothicizing form is first demonstrable in a post-Reformation stone church in Upper Hesse in Holzheim. It can also be found at the neighboring church Dorf-Güll , which was built over 100 years later (1737). The clear height of the interior is about 6.98 meters, up to the top of the wall it is 7.40 meters. The nave is closed off by a gable roof with a rafter roof construction that still has the original, small dormers .
The interior receives light through large, slightly ogival windows in wooden frames, which are cut through by the galleries. Three windows are built into the two long sides and the apse. The coat of arms of Landgrave Philip III, who promoted the building of the church, is made of red sandstone above the pointed north portal. Philipp had adopted the full coat of arms of the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt, which shows the heart shield of the Landgrave's rule in the middle, above the three helmets of the County of Katzenelnbogen , the Landgrave of Hesse and the County of Ziegenhain . The inscription below reads: “VTDM D. PHILIPPUS DG LANDG. HASSIAE, COMES CATTIMELIB. DECIAE, ZIGENH. ET NIDDAE ETC: AC 1631 ”( Ps 86.11 LUT :“ Your ways teach me, Lord. ”Philip by God's grace, Landgrave of Hesse, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhain and Nidda, among others, took care of the building in 1631).
Opposite the west entrance are nine gravestones from the 17th and 18th centuries, including those of pastors Konrad and Johannes Bröder (Bröter) and their wives.
Furnishing
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The flat-roofed interior is closed off by a stucco ceiling with longitudinal beams, which is decorated with picture medallions and rich geometric figures. The polychrome paintwork went back to the interior renovations in 1968/1969 and partly in 1910 . Originally, the figures got their effect solely from the three-dimensional execution. The reliefs depict biblical and allegorical figures and scenes and were made by the white binders Christoph Happel (Grünberg) and Andreas Scherer (Klein-Rechtenbach). Ornaments and lettering friezes frame the larger medallions. On the two large ones in the east, the crucifixion scene (with the Bible verse from Rom 4,25a LUT ) and the resurrection of Christ (with Rev 5,5 LUT ) can be seen. The relief with the pelican, who nourishes his young with his blood (with Joh 6,55 LUT ), is one with the phoenix rising from the fire (with 2 Cor 5,17b LUT ), placed alongside. In the west the proclamation of the Lord (with Lk 1,35 LUT ) is parallel to Mary with the child holding the victory flag (with Isa 42,1a LUT ). In four smaller reliefs flying Putten are shown without banners on two of the Luther rose further and octagonal star. The stucco ceiling is continued in the tower room. Here you can see on one relief Christ with the globe as Salvator Mundi (with Ez 33,11a LUT ) and on the other a woman with symbols of transience ("Morte") like cut flowers and sickle, scales with hourglass, lizard and skull ( with Sir 14,12a GNB ). An angel with a trumpet (with a summary of Rev 8,12-13 LUT ) is placed under the west gallery in a square field. In the course of the restoration in 2013, the stucco ceiling was given its original monochrome color scheme in white; only the inscriptions stand out in black. The rich design is a testimony to the time of the Lutheran interim and would not have been possible in this form during the Reformed rule.
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The surrounding, coffered gallery rests on wooden, Tuscan round columns , which are marbled and stand on high cuboid pedestals. On the north and west side, the deep fillings are painted with leaf and fruit hangings. The lower edge of the gallery is equipped on all four sides with the writing of the Apostles' Creed on a black background. The edges of the window frames are set off in red. The window frames have scrollwork with tendrils and floral motifs in gray, beige, green and red.
The altar area is raised by two steps. In front of the pulpit is the wooden, cuboid-shaped altar, which the congregation made itself at the beginning of the 21st century, as did the baptismal font with its octagonal wooden base. The baroque pulpit from 1632 stands on the central axis in front of the east gallery. It consists of the staircase, the pulpit and the heptagonal sound cover, which is crowned by flat-carved tendrils and on the inside shows the preacher the Bible verse from Mal 2,7 LUT . The richly designed, polygonal pulpit on a wooden post with curved bows has profiled fields between round corner pillars and bears the lettering from Lk 11.28 LUT .
organ
On January 20, 1829, a contract was signed with Johann Hartmann Bernhard for a new organ that had eleven stops on a manual and pedal . As agreed, the instrument was delivered in 1830 and set up on the enlarged east gallery. As in the Nieder-Bessingen church , where Bernhard created a very similar organ a year later, the rectangular front is divided into seven fields by pilaster strips . The prospectus has 34 ringing and 41 mute pipes. The large middle field is flanked with the bass pipes by two-storey treble fields. On the outside there are two fields for the pipes in medium pitch. Originally, two trumpet angels, carved as bas-reliefs, served as "organ ears" on the sides and two crowning vases adorned the case. They were removed in the course of the church renovation and the new organ in the 1960s. Johann Georg Förster repaired the work in 1887 and suggested a change in the disposition , which was not carried out, so that the organ remained unchanged until 1944. A blower was installed around 1948. Today's organ was created by Förster & Nicolaus Orgelbau in 1968 behind the historical prospectus and while retaining the wooden Gedackt 8 ′ in the second manual by Hartmann Bernhard. The old Wald-Floethe 2 ′ was installed in the organ of the Paradise Chapel at Arnsburg Monastery in 1979 . The organ has 13 registers with a total of 986 pipes, distributed over two manuals and pedal, and has the following disposition:
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Bells
Two bells were mentioned in 1556 and 1565. In 1578 the Frankfurt bell caster Laux Rucker cast another one. In 1846 two were poured over and a new one added. The two large ones had to be given as a metal donation by the German people during the First World War, so that only one historic bell has survived. Holzheimers who emigrated to Chicago donated two new iron bells to replace them in 1920. They were cast by Buderus from Wetzlar on behalf of and in cooperation with the Rincker company , as the inscription in the frieze says: “Geg. v. Buderus, Wetzlar u. FWRincker, Sinn ”. The larger one weighs 600 kg and bears the inscription "Donated to the community of Holzheim by loyal Holzheimers Chikagos in America in 1920" and the Bible verse "Lord God you are our refuge for and for". The smaller one weighs 340 kg and is marked with the year 1920 and the inscription: "I am the resurrection and the life". The community bought two new bronze bells in 1975 and installed an electric bell. Since then, the two steel bells, which were fixed in the top of the tower, have served as the striking mechanism for the tower clock, while the bronze three-part bell, tuned in a minor chord, invites worshipers and prayer.
|
No. |
Casting year |
Foundry, casting location |
Mass (kg) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
inscription |
| 1 | 1975 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock from Gescher | 680 | g 1 | I am the resurrection and life Holzheim / Pohlheim 1975 [on the foundry's coat of arms:] Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock me fecit engineer Hans Hüesker |
| 2 | 1975 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock from Gescher | 400 | b 1 | Lord, God, you are our refuge for and for Holzheim / Pohlheim 1975 [on the coat of arms of the foundry:] Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock me fecit engineer Hans Hüesker |
| 3 | 1846 | PH Rincker from mind | 180 | of the 2nd | Hosanna to the son of David be praised who comes in the name of the Lord The community of Holzheim cast by PH Rincker zu Hof = Sinn in 1846 |
Parish and pastor
The parish is part of the Hungen deanery of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau . It has around 1400 members. She shares a parish office with the church in the village of Güll . Next to the church there is a parish hall, which is designed for 100 people.
The following pastors have been recorded since the Reformation:
- 1566–1581: Petrus Lesch
- 1585–1621: Valentin Engel
- 1621–1623: John Christoph Engel (son of Valentin Engel)
- 1624–1635: Hermann Holwegk (Lutheran)
- 1635 : Heinrich Elbert (Lutheran)
- 1635–1647: Johann Runkel (Lutheran)
- 1647–1670: Konrad Bröder
- 1671–1706: Johann Bröder (son of Konrad Bröder)
- 1706–1733: Johann Caspar Müller
- 1733–1749: Peter Müller
- 1750–1787: Theodor Christoph Müller (son of Peter Müller)
- 1788–1802: Johann Siebert
- 1802–1805: Franz Ludwig Carriere (Vicar von Griedel)
- 1805–1815: Ludwig Christian Gifhorn
- 1815-1853: Martin Heidolph
- 1852–1853: Friedrich Helwig (assistant)
- 1853–1859: Otto Heinrichs (vicar)
- 1859–1861: Karl Ferdinand Bingmann
- 1861–1874: Ludwig Friedrich Hofmann
- 1874–1876: Pastor Berwig (administration from Eberstadt)
- 1876–1879: Hermann Seipp (vicar)
- 1879–1881: Hermann Wilhelm Seibel
- 1881–1885: Pastor Walz (administration from Eberstadt)
- 1885–1896: Wilhelm Veller
- 1896–1897: Adam Heussel
- 1897–1924: Ludwig Freitag
- 1925–1930: Emil Karl Theodor Weber
- 1930–1934: Wilhelm Schmidt (missionary)
- 1935–1954: Karl Launhardt
- 1955–1959: Johann Schär-Conradi
- 1959–1970: Erich Conradi
- 1970–1983: Ernst-Walter Theiß
- 1985–1995: Hans Theo and Petra Daum
- 1996 : Jörg Stähler
- 1997-2005: Stefan Schneider
- 2006–2008: Gisela Ottstadt
- 2009–2014: Mirjam Welsch
- 2015– : Matthias Bubel
literature
- Franz Bösken, Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (= contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.1 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 1: A-L . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 , p. 486-488 .
- Johann Conradi, Waldemar Küther : The history of the Protestant parish after the Reformation. In: Community of Holzheim (ed.); Waldemar Küther (arrangement): Heimatbuch Holzheim. Holzheim parish 1965, pp. 154–175.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I: Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 432.
- Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the sovereign lands and the acquired areas of Darmstadt. (= Hassia sacra. 8). Self-published, Darmstadt 1935, pp. 181-183.
- Karl Heinrich Jung: 400 years of the Reformed Confession in Upper Hesse. 1582-1982. Volkmann, Lich [1982].
- State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen II. Buseck, Fernwald, Grünberg, Langgöns, Linden, Pohlheim, Rabenau (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2178-7 , p. 429 f.
- Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 3. Southern part without Arnsburg. Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1933, pp. 120–126.
- Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 90 f.
Web links
- Homepage of the parish
- State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.): Ev. Church Holzheim In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hessen
- Holzheim. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on August 21, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 430.
- ^ A b State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 422.
- ↑ a b c Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 90.
- ^ Jung: 400 years of the Reformed Confession in Upper Hesse. 1982, p. 30.
- ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 19.
- ^ Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 432.
- ↑ a b c State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (Ed.), Lang (Ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 429.
- ^ Conradi, Küther: The history of the Protestant church community after the Reformation. 1965, p. 161.
- ↑ a b Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 181.
- ↑ Holzheim. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on August 21, 2013 .
- ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1993, p. 122.
- ^ Jung: 400 years of the Reformed Confession in Upper Hesse. 1982, p. 37.
- ↑ Grand Ducal Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Annual report of the preservation of monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1902–1907. Vol. 1. Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1910, p. 109.
- ↑ RG-BOX News - News from April 11, 2013: Documents from the church tower in Holzheim report of stormy times .
- ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1993, p. 124.
- ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 91.
- ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1993, p. 121.
- ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1993, p. 126.
- ^ Jung: 400 years of the Reformed Confession in Upper Hesse. 1982, p. 35 f.
- ↑ a b Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 123.
- ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 182.
- ^ Jung: 400 years of the Reformed Confession in Upper Hesse. 1982, p. 36.
- ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1993, p. 125.
- ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. 1988, p. 486.
- ↑ To be seen in a photo around 1955 in: Stadt Pohlheim, Karl Heinrich Jung: Pohlheim-Holzheim. Story in pictures. Magistrat, Pohlheim 1989, p. 64.
- ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. 1988, p. 488.
- ^ Jung: 400 years of the Reformed Confession in Upper Hesse. 1982, p. 37 f.
- ↑ Evangelical Church Community Holzheim , accessed on April 10, 2019.
- ^ Jung: 400 years of the Reformed Confession in Upper Hesse. 1982, p. 39.
Evangelical Reformed Church Dorf-Güll | Evangelical Church (Garbenteich) | Mor Barsaumo (Garbenteich) | Evangelical Church (Grüningen) | Evangelical Church Hausen (Pohlheim) | Evangelical Reformed Church Holzheim | St. Matthew (Holzheim) | Old Church (Watzenborn-Steinberg) | Christ Church (Watzenborn-Steinberg) | St. Martin (Watzenborn-Steinberg)
Coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 13 ″ N , 8 ° 43 ′ 15 ″ E
