Evangelical Church in Niedereggenen

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Evangelical Church in Niedereggenen

The Evangelical Church in Niedereggenen in the Schliengener district of Niedereggenen goes back to a church that was first mentioned in the second half of the 14th century. According to a finding, the oldest structural substance comes from the 10th or 11th century. In the opinion of the monument conservator Martin Hesselbacher, the church tower is the oldest on the Upper Rhine next to that of St. Cyriak in Sulzburg . The listed church is decorated in the choir and nave with valuable frescoes from the 15th century, which were made possible by Pope Martin V as part of an indulgence trade .

history

Origins

The first naming of a church clearly referring to Niedereggenen (“ecclesia Eggenhein inferius cum filabus videlicet Welberg et Gennenbach”) goes back to the years 1360 to 1370. An earlier mention in 1275 does not allow a distinction between the two places Nieder- and Obereggenen. Investigations of the masonry showed that the oldest structure of the bell tower dates back to the late 10th or early 11th century, making it as old as the former monastery church of St. Cyriak in Sulzburg . Parts of the northern nave wall also belong to this first construction period.

The tower was raised around 1200. Since the church received new arched sound arcades on the upper floor, the old ones were bricked up; these were partially exposed again in 1966 and are recognizable as such.

Reconstruction and design in the 15th century

Gable cross from 1429

The structural condition must have been very bad around 1420. Since the economic circumstances of the community and their rule were insufficient, petitions were made to be able to carry out renovation work. The appearance of Margrave Wilhelm with his brother, Bishop Otto of Constance, and his appearance with Pope Martin V led on October 18, 1429 to a bull of indulgence in favor of the Niedereggen Church. The sale of indulgences and additional donations made it possible to enlarge the nave around 1450 and build a new choir. Due to the spread of the nave to the south, the tower is no longer exactly in its main axis. In addition to narrow windows, the church was expanded to include a sacristy at the choir. Three different artists were probably involved in the redesign of the choir. The pictures in the rib vault of the choir were made between 1440 and 1450. Of a winged altar that was brought in around 1500, only the predella remains.

Remodeling since the 17th century

The font dates from 1661. A side gallery was also set up in the 17th century. At the time of the Thirty Years War , the condition of the Church deteriorated. Part of the interior was stolen. A visitation in 1698/99 stated "in Niedereggenen the floor [of the church] is not occupied, the stalls are rotting and threatening to collapse".

In 1830 the windows in the nave and choir were enlarged and received their current shape. New stalls, the pulpit and the altar were procured between 1902 and 1904.

Extensive renovation and restoration work was carried out between 1966 and 1971. Among other things, Rudolf Scheurer redesigned the altar and the portal handles, the side gallery was expanded and the seating was modernized. In addition, research was carried out on the building fabric. When the work was completed, the church was consecrated on September 26, 1971.

description

Church building

The church in Niedereggenen is slightly elevated and away from the village road on the southern outskirts. It consists of a rectangular nave covered by a gable roof and has a five-sided polygonal choir closure that continues at the same height. Stepped buttresses on the outside of the choir support the walls. The bell tower, which is comparatively low compared to the nave, appears massive and defensive. It is closed off by a gable roof in the direction of the nave. On the upper floor, the Romanesque tower has two-part acoustic arcades that are slightly higher on the gable sides. A dial is placed on the south side in the upper left corner next to the sound opening. The tower does not have the usual corner blocks in the Markgräflerland , which is an additional indication of the old age. Two epitaphs are embedded in the wall of the tower on both sides of the main portal . They remember Johann Kibi (n) ger, Vogt († October 21, 1673) and Maria Magdalena Gebhard, geb. Lindwurm, the first wife of Pastor Jeremias Gebhard († August 16, 1684).

To the south of the nave is a small sacristy with a pointed roof. The building that branches off at right angles to the main building remains with its roof ridge below the edge of the nave roof. Above the sacristy door there is a grave tablet for Catharina Barbara Cramer, daughter of Pastor Heinrich Cramer († October 22, 1698).

Interior and outfit

Nave with a view of the choir

The church is entered through the main portal on the tower. The tower hall consists of a low, tubular barrel vault. This suggests a previously lower ground level and thus an old foundation. The nave and tower hall are closed off with a milky glass door adapted to the vault.

The single-nave nave is bright and has a flat ceiling. The church interior is furnished with individual wooden chairs on both sides of the central aisle. Cylindrical white lights hang from the ceiling on thin cables, which should not distract the view of the fresco areas due to their inconspicuous design. Fragments of frescoes can be found on both the south and the older north wall. On the north wall near the choir, an epitaph commemorates the pastor Jeremias Gebhard († June 27, 1696). There is a triumphal arch decorated with paintings between the nave and the choir . The arch, which symbolizes the entrance to the heavenly Jerusalem , depicts the parable of the clever and foolish virgins over painted ashlar stones (diamond cut). They are painted as half-figures between bands of clouds; Angels hold Veronica's handkerchief .

The choir is architecturally shaped by an umbrella vault . The colorful fresco on the entire vaulted ceiling extends to the upper edge of the three rectangular, narrow windows. Ribs, consoles and heads are worked particularly precisely for a village church. The keystone has the shape of a gold rosette . In the otherwise simple and bright choir room there is a modern altar table by Rudolf Scheurer. Individual chairs are set up on the choir wall. Until 1898 there were late Gothic choir stalls, the back wall of which was crowned by a carved ornamental frieze. This was damaged during the renovation and has not been preserved. Only a small remnant of the ornamental frieze could be preserved and is hung on the north wall. Behind the altar is a predella depicting Christ and the twelve apostles. It is a remnant of a high altar from the 15th century.

Frescoes

Frescoes in the choir vault

After the murals were uncovered in 1966, it is believed that the entire interior was decorated with pictures. Only a small part could be exposed.

Below the roof in the upper zone of the north wall, the creation of the world is shown in twelve images. The first picture cannot be seen, but it must be about the creation of the universe and the separation of light and darkness. In the second picture, God the Father turns to the sky disc just created by him in a radiantly light robe. In the third picture, the Creator bends down to create the earth. In the following pictures you can see: Creation of the sun and moon (picture 4), creation of birds and aquatic animals (picture 5), creation of land animals (picture 6), the Creator sits frontally without gifts (picture 7), creation of Adam ( Picture 8), creation of Eve (picture 9), marriage of the couple (picture 10), seduction by the snake (picture 11) and expulsion of the human couple by Archangel Michael from paradise (picture 12).

Between the windows is the story of redemption, which begins on the north wall. Some scenes have been irretrievably lost when the windows were enlarged. One of the best preserved representations is the carrying of the cross. Evil and Christ contrast in a striking color contrast. The stations Descent from the Cross and Entombment are missing. In the lower region of the wall, the biblical story is continued after the resurrection.

Bells

Bell tower

The oldest bells date from 1656, 1698 and 1700. They were cast or replaced by various bell foundries in the 18th century. After bells had to be handed in as a result of the First World War , they were replaced by the Bochumer Verein in 1924. The three-part cast steel bell is composed as follows:

Surname Chime Casting year inscription
Big bell d ′ 1924 Hold on to prayer - In memory of our dead
Medium bell f ′ 1924 Be patient in tribulation
Little bell G' 1924 Be happy in hope

organ

The first organ was built in 1783 by Blasius Bernauer (1740-1818) from Staufen im Breisgau , who was working in Rheinfelden at the time . In 1898 it was moved to a gallery at the choir, which no longer existed. In 1938 Eberhard Friedrich Walcker manufactured a new instrument; it was restored in 1971. The instrument had a pocket drawer, an electric action and had two manuals , a pedal and 13 stops .

In December 2004 a new organ was inaugurated by Hartwig Späth . The instrument, which cost 143,000 euros , was financed by the parish from donations made over the past 20 years. It has a purely mechanical performance and register action , 14 sounding registers, eight transmissions and has the following disposition :

organ
I Hauptwerk C – g 3
Bourdon 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Wooden flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Transverse flute 4 ′
Octave
(from mixture)		 2 ′
Mixture III-IV 2 ′
bassoon 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
Bourdon 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Open flute 4 ′
Nasard
(from Sesquialtera)		 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Sesquialter II
Flageolet 2 ′
Basson-Hautbois 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
Subbass (from HW) 16 ′
Octave bass (from HW) 8th'
Bass flute (from HW) 8th'
Choral bass (from HW) 4 ′
Bassoon (from HW) 16 ′
Trumpet (from HW) 8th'

literature

  • Annemarie Heimann-Schwarzweber: Niedereggenen , Schnell & Steiner Art Guide No. 1214, Regensburg 1980, ISBN.
  • Johannes Helm : Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , Müllheim / Baden 1989, ISBN 3-921709-16-4 , pp. 301–304.
  • Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Tübingen and Leipzig, 1901, fifth volume - Lörrach district; Pp. 133-136 online

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Church (Niedereggenen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heimann-Schwarzweber: Niedereggenen , p. 5
  2. ↑ Wendelin Haid: Liber taxationis ecclesiarum et beneficiorum in diocesi Constantiensi de anno 1353 in: FDA 5, 1870, p. 88 online
  3. ^ Badische Zeitung : After the renovation. From the history of the Niedereggen church , which is under monument protection , issue 60, March 14, 1966
  4. ↑ Helm: Churches and chapels in Markgräflerland , p. 301 (11.1)
  5. ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 301 (11.2)
  6. ^ Rudolf Wielandt: Our Niedereggenen , 1915, p. 22
  7. ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 302
  8. ^ Dehio, (edited by Friedrich Piel ): Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Baden-Württemberg , 1964, p. 348
  9. ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 303 (11.3)
  10. ^ Heinrich Weidner: The church visits in 1698 and 1699 in the two dioceses of Sausenberg and Rötteln . In. Das Markgräflerland , 1935, issue 4, p. 144
  11. ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 303 (11.5)
  12. ↑ Heimann-Schwarzweber: Niedereggenen , p. 6
  13. ↑ Heimann-Schwarzweber: Niedereggenen , p. 14
  14. ↑ a b Heimann-Schwarzweber: Niedereggenen , p. 9
  15. ↑ Heimann-Schwarzweber: Niedereggenen , p. 15
  16. ↑ Heimann-Schwarzweber: Niedereggenen , p. 8
  17. ^ Rudolf Wielandt: Our Niedereggenen , 1915, pp. 50–51
  18. ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 303 (11.6)
  19. ↑ Freiburg Orgelbau Späth: Organ of the Ev. Niedereggenen Church , last accessed on June 17, 2019

Coordinates: 47 ° 45 ′ 15.9 ″  N , 7 ° 37 ′ 31.8 ″  E