Eyersheim

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Eyersheimer Hof from the south, with place-name sign

Eyersheim is a submerged village in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Bad Dürkheim , where the remains of the Eyersheimer Hof and Eyersheimer Mühle farms have been preserved. Today you belong to Weisenheim am Sand . The southern part of the former village boundary is already in the Rhine-Palatinate district and the place Birkenheide was created in the 20th century .

location

Eyersheimer Hof from the south
Eyersheimer Hof from the north
Eyersheimer Mühle, main building

The two farms are now part of Weisenheim am Sand and are located south of the village, in the direction of Maxdorf and Birkenheide, on the north bank of the Isenachbach, which flows from west to east . The Eyersheimer Hof lies on both sides of the state road 454, the Eyersheimer Mühle slightly to the west of it, in the direction of Erpolzheim .

Today's building stock

The Eyersheimer Hof comprises two larger residential buildings east and west of Landesstraße 454, both of which were last restaurants, but are now closed. Most of the buildings belong to the 19th century; a new house has recently been built to the west behind it.

The Eyersheimer Mühle consists of a courtyard complex which has been rebuilt and overbuilt several times, the main building of which is classified as classicism . A stand-alone new building was also erected to the east of it.

history

In the area of ​​the Eyersheimer mill , important Neolithic finds were made in the 19th and 20th centuries , which in 1907 are referred to as the Eyersheimer type . Walter Bremer wrote a lemma for Ebert's real dictionary. Many of the artifacts discovered here are exhibited in the Palatinate History Museum in Speyer .

Eyersheim (also Agrisheim, Aygersheim or Eygersheim) is mentioned in the early documents of the Weißenburg monastery and had a demarcation of 900 acres , but mostly swamp or sand terrain. In the “Liber Possessionum” (around 800) it is recorded that 10 farms in Eyersheim had to perform plowing, carting and guarding services for the convent, but also towing services on the Rhine . In 991 Count Otto von Worms appropriated 68 Weißenburg villages, including Eyersheim. Through him the property rights came to the Lords of Bolanden . A church is mentioned there for the first time in documents from the 12th century and belonged to the diocese of Worms , as well as to the archdeacon of the Worms cathedral provost . At that time, the parish rate was also due to the Bolanders, who left it to the Enkenbach monastery around 1220 , which eventually became the dominant owner in Eyersheim.

Even in the 15th century the parish sentence and is Hubgericht the place mentioned, as at that time the district was newly out complexion . At the latest with the Reformation and the dissolution of the Enkenbach monastery, Eyersheim also seems to have perished as a village in the 16th century. The Enkenbach property fell to the Electoral Palatinate , which was the protector of the convent. In 1555 the court court of the Electorate of the Palatinate in Heidelberg assigned the entire area of ​​the then no longer existing village to the community of Weisenheim am Sand.

A remnant of the village (Eyersheimer Hof) on the main road from Weisenheim to Speyer and the village mill survived the downfall. The remote mill was a refuge for the persecuted Anabaptists in the 16th and 17th centuries . In the 18th century the hamlets of the Electoral Palatinate passed to the Barons of Hallberg , after the end of the feudal period the properties came into private ownership.

The "Hundred Tomorrow"

The communities of Weisenheim and Lambsheim have been allowed to use the "sandy pasture" for their cattle from ancient times , which is part of the southern municipal boundary and the Enkenbach monastery property . In 1471 the Electoral Palatinate granted both communities a joint right to graze on it. When, after the demise of the Enkenbach monastery and the village of Eyersheim, its entire area fell to the village of Weisenheim, a violent dispute broke out over the grazing rights that lasted until 1772. At that time, Lambsheim received the sole grazing rights on 100 acres of the southern Eyersheim district through a decision by the Upper Palatinate Office of Alzey . On this site, which also became the property of the local community of Lambsheim in 1936, the “Großsiedlung Hundertmorgen”, later called Birkenheide , was built from that year on . Today there is both an Eyersheimerstrasse and a Hundredmorgenstrasse. The mill wheel in the Birkenheide coat of arms symbolizes the Eyersheimer mill .

The Käskönig levy

Eastern end of the Dürkheimer Bruch, at the Eyersheimer Hof

As early as 1258, the abbot of Limburg Abbey granted the Enkenbacher Klosterhof in Eyersheim grazing rights in Dürkheimer Bruch . This had been given by the abbey to the community of Dürkheim as a common land and the community also allowed neighboring villages to participate in this right for a fee. Every year on Whit Monday a representative rode around to collect the taxes due. As they mostly consisted of cheese in addition to money, the collector was also referred to as the “ cheese king ” . This custom still existed until the end of the 18th century, when Eyersheim no longer existed. Michael Frey states in his "Description of the Rhine District" that the miller at the Eyersheimer Mühle only had to pay 15 Albus and one cheese as an individual tax. The owner of the Eyersheimer Hof , to whom the obligations of the former village had been transferred, had to pay 15 Albus and 32 cheeses. Karl Geib writes in his "travel guide through all parts of the royal Bavarian Rhine Palatinate" that the Eyersheimer Hof was the end point of the annual Käskönig ride, where a "rural pleasure" took place before the Käskönig returned to Bad Dürkheim. In memory of the historical custom, there is the Käskönigfest in Bad Dürkheim today .

The legend of the Eyersheimer Müller

The cross between Eyersheimer Hof and Lambsheim

In Lambsheim there is a folk legend that refers to the miller from the Eyersheimer mill and a medieval stone cross on the Isenach.

The cross is not far from the place where the old Heerstraße (extension of Neustadter Str., Lambsheim) crosses the Isenach, about halfway between the former Eyersheim and Lambsheim. It is a low, one-piece sandstone cross, 86 cm high. It is often associated with an officer who fell in battle near Lambsheim in 1795 , but it is much older.

According to the legend, the cross is said to have been made from a millstone by the miller from Lambsheim in memory of his daughter who died of lovesickness. She loved a shepherd, but was coveted by the wealthy miller's son from Eyersheim, who finally got her father to arrange the engagement between the two of them. When the miller's daughter wanted to meet the beloved shepherd on the heath between Eyersheim and Lambsheim some time later, she found someone else there who informed her that her boyfriend had died of grief over the engagement. It hit the miller's daughter in such a way that she ran away crying, was never found again and perished in an unexplained manner. The responsible miller from Eyersheim is said to have found no rest even as a dead person and later to have walked around as a ghost on his mill or on the Isenach and on the said cross.

photos

  • Eyersheimer Hof, main building from the east

  • Eyersheimer Mühle main building

  • Eyersheimer Mühle, classical main portal

  • Eyersheimer Mühle, old millstone

literature

  • Niels Bantelmann, The Neolithic finds from the Eyersheimer mill in the Palatinate. Prehistoric Journal 59/1, 1984, 16-36. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1515 / prhz.1984.59.1.16
  • Ernst Merk: The wine and fruit growing village Weisenheim am Sand and the heath village Eyersheim , Weisenheim am Sand municipal administration, 1960
  • Markus Hundsdorfer: 16 stones and a complex of mills point to the past: from the beginning and end of the village of Eyersheim , Die Rheinpfalz, local part Bad Dürkheim, No. 248 of October 25, 1995; (Find hint)
  • Markus Hundsdorfer: The neolithic finds at the Eyersheimer mill , in: Heimatjahrbuch des Landkreis Ludwigshafen , Volume 13 (1997), pp. 53–60, ISBN 3-931717-01-1
  • Heinrich Rembe: Lambsheim , Volume 1, Arbogast-Verlag, Otterberg, 1971, p. 3

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , Volume 13: Bad Dürkheim district, Part 2 , p. 164, ISBN 3884622153 ; (Scan of a section on Google Books)
  2. ^ Website of the community of Weisenheim am Sand
  3. ↑ F. Sprater, A place to live in the early Stone Age near the Eyersheimer Mühle, community Weisenheimam Sand. Palatinate Museum 24, 1907, 98 ff
  4. ↑ Jan Filip: Encyclopedic Handbook on Prehistory and Early History of Europe , Volume 1, p. 345, Academia, Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1966; (Detail scan)
  5. ^ Karl-Heinz Rothenberger: Palatinate History , Volume 1, P. 10, Institute for Palatinate History and Folklore, 2001, ISBN 3927754439 ; (Detail scan)
  6. ^ Necrology. Prehistoric Journal 17/1, 1926, 287. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1515 / prhz.1926.17.1.281
  7. ↑ Brigitte Kasten: Fields of activity and experience horizons of rural people in the early medieval manorial rule (up to approx. 1000): Festschrift for Dieter Hägermann for his 65th birthday , issue 184 of: Quarterly journal for social and economic history , supplement, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3515087885 , p. 251; (Digital scan)
  8. ^ Michael Frey : Attempt at a geographical-historical-statistical description of the royal Bavarian Rhine district , Volume 2, Speyer, 1836, p. 517; (Digital scan)
  9. ↑ Pfälzer Heimat , Speyer, annual volume 1964, p. 36; (Detail scan)
  10. ↑ Website of the Verbandsgemeinde Maxdorf, on the history of Birkenheide ( memento of the original from June 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vg-maxdorf.de
  11. ↑ Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg: Research , Volume 12, Kohlmammer Verlag, 1960, p. 102 u. 112; (Detail scans)
  12. ↑ Lambsheimer Official Journal of March 22, 2012, p. 12; (PDF document) ( Memento of the original from June 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lambsheim.de
  13. ↑ Markus Hundsdorfer: The Lambsheim – Weisenheimer Weidestreit , in: Heimatjahrbuch des Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis , Volume 21, (2005), pp. 10-13, ISBN 3-931717-09-7
  14. ^ Michael Frey: Attempt at a geographical-historical-statistical description of the royal Bavarian Rhine district , Volume 2, Speyer, 1836, p. 419 u. 420; (Digital scan)
  15. ↑ Website on the Käskönig custom  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / gratis-sagen.de  
  16. ^ Karl Geib: travel guide through all parts of the royal Bavarian Rhine Palatinate , Zweibrücken, 1841, p. 116; (Digital scan)
  17. ↑ To the Käskönigfest
  18. ^ Website of the Lambsheimer Kreuz
  19. ↑ Arthur Eisenbarth: Des Müller's unhappy daughter , in: Heimatjahrbuch des Landkreis Ludwigshafen , Volume 3 (1987), p. 57, ISBN 3-922579-23-X