Félix Joseph Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers

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Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers
Bust of Félix Joseph Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers.

Félix Joseph Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (born May 15, 1821 in Montpezat , Lot-et-Garonne department , † July 21, 1901 Las Fons , Dordogne department ) was a French physiologist and zoologist .

Life

Lacaze-Duthiers was the second son of Baron J. de Lacaze-Duthiers, a rather difficult and authoritarian man who came from an old Gascon family. After receiving his degrees in arts and science, Lacaze-Duthiers went to Paris. Despite his father's resistance, he studied medicine and natural sciences at the same time. He was licentiate in 1845, doctor of medicine in 1851 and doctor of science at the Faculty of Science in Paris, Académie des sciences , in 1853. The subject of this doctorate is Recherches sur l'armure génitale femelle des insectes . He practiced in the department for internal medicine of the Necker hospital L'Hôpital Necker with Armand Trousseau (1801-1867) and received his doctorate with his dissertation De la Paracentèse de la poitrine, et des épanchements pleurétiques qui nécessitent son emploi (freely translated: About the Need for paracentesis or drainage in the case of pleuritic effusions in the chest).

He began his actual career as an assistant to Henri Milne Edwards (1800-1885), after he had previously visited the Balearic Islands with his friend Jules Haime (1824-1856) and Brittany to see the marine fauna, especially marine molluscs and there Zoophytes to study.

Through his mentor Henri Milne-Edwards, for whom he previously worked as a preparator , he received a professorship in zoology at the newly created La Faculté des Sciences in Lille ( University of Lille I ), where Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) dean of the faculty was.

In 1864 Lacaze-Duthiers moved from Lille to Paris. In the following year, 1865, he became a professor of natural history ( d'histoire naturelle ) for annelids , molluscs and zoophytes in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle . Here he replaces Achille Valenciennes (1794–1865) in his position at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. In 1868 he switched to university in Paris as a professor. From 1869 he will share one of the two chairs for zoology , anatomy and comparative physiology with Henri Milne-Edwards at the Faculty of Natural Sciences.

He made several excursions for the French government to the Atlantic and the Mediterranean . In 1858 he discovered that three mollusks in the Mediterranean produce purple-blue dyes. One, Murex trunculus , was identified by him as the source of the blue purple in the Bible (Exodus 26). In his book Mémoire sur le pourpre (Paris 1859) he dealt with ancient purple dyeing. He was a pioneer in the study of marine fauna on the Algerian coast . From 1860 to 1862 he studied coral fishing in Algeria. He published the results of his excursion as Histoire noturelle du Corail (1864), with which he won the Prix ​​Bordin Académie des sciences (named after Charles-Laurent Bordin ) in 1863. His work has been recognized for his precise description of the sex organs and the phases in which corals and their polyps develop.

On July 31, 1871 he was elected a member of the Académie des Sciences in the Department of Anatomy and Zoology. From 1872 he published the series Archives de zoologie générale et expérimentale . Another book is Histoire naturelle du corail (Paris 1863). In 1873 he founded the zoological station at Roscoff ( Station biologique de Roscoff ) on the coast of Brittany and another at Banyuls-sur-Mer ( Laboratoire de Banyuls-sur-Mer ), where he also donated a large part of his private funds. He was the head of the Roscoff station for a long time . This institute played an important role in the formation of the research branch of marine biology in the late 19th century. De Lacaze-Duthiers is first known through his investigations into the external sexual tools of insects (1849–1953). Later he turned to the study of the anatomy and development history of the lower sea animals and published a series of works on mussels , snails , brachiopods , ascidia , corals, etc.

In 1886 de Lacaze-Duthiers was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , in 1898 to the National Academy of Sciences .

In 1893 he was president of the Académie des sciences. He was a member of the Académie nationale de médecine , 1892 corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg and since 1897 foreign member ( Foreign Member ) of the Royal Society .

According to him, which is Duthiers Point named a cape in the northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula .

Fonts (selection)

  • Research on l'armure génitale femelle des insectes. L. Martinet, Paris 1853 (dissertation).
  • Voyage aux iles Baléares, ou Recherches sur l'anatomie et la physiologie de quelques mollusques de la Méditerranée. Librairie de V. Masson, Paris 1857.
  • Histoire de l'organisation, du développement, des moeurs et des rapports zoologiques du dentale (= Annales des sciences naturelles. Zoologie. 4th series, tome 6–7, ISSN  0150-9349 ). Librairie de V. Masson, Paris 1858.
  • Un été d'observations en Corse et à Minorque, ou Recherches d'anatomie et physiologie zoologiques sur les invertébrés des ports d'Ajaccio, Bonifacio et Mahon. Librairie de V. Masson, Paris 1861.
  • Histoire naturelle du Corail. Bailliere, Paris et al. 1864.
  • Recherches de zoologie, d'anatomie et d'embryogénie sur les animaux des faunes maritimes de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie. Librairie de V. Masson, Paris 1866.
  • Le monde de la mer et ses laboratoires. de Chaix, Paris 1888.

literature

  • Philippe Jaussaud, Édouard-Raoul Brygoo: Du Jardin au Muséum en 516 biographies. Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-85653-565-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers , Gloubic Sciences
  2. ^ Lacaze-Duthiers, Félix-Joseph Henri De , encyclopedia.com
  3. ^ Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. L.
  4. ↑ Univ. Lille
  5. ↑ http://www.livres-grecs.fr/Data/site25/oeuvres/LACAZE-DUTHIERS.pdf
  6. ^ Members of the American Academy. Listed by election year, 1850–1899 ( PDF ). Retrieved September 24, 2015
  7. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Félix Joseph Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed September 28, 2015 .
  8. ^ Entry on Lacaze-Duthiers, Felix-Joseph Henri de (1821-1901) in the archive of the Royal Society , London
personal data
SURNAME Lacaze-Duthiers, Félix Joseph Henri de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lacaze-Duthiers, Henri de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French physiologist and zoologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 15, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Montpezat
DATE OF DEATH July 21, 1901
Place of death Las Fons , Dordogne department