Princely Castle Tölz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Princely Castle Tölz
Copper engraving by Tölz by Matthäus Merian (1644): Castle on the right in the picture

Copper engraving by Tölz by Matthäus Merian (1644): Castle on the right in the picture

Creation time : around 1460
Conservation status: Burgstall
Place: Bad Tölz
Geographical location 47 ° 45 '35.8 "  N , 11 ° 33' 40.7"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 45 '35.8 "  N , 11 ° 33' 40.7"  E
Princely Castle Tölz (Bavaria)
Princely Castle Tölz

The Princely Tölz Castle is an abandoned castle in Bad Tölz in the Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district in Bavaria .

history

A devastating major fire in 1453 destroyed the Markstraße in Tölz, as well as the first Tölzer castle built by Heinrich von Tollenz . Albrecht III. then had the Princely Palace built on a northern mountain spur above the market by 1460. As a spur castle between Rehgraben, Schulgraben and the Trockenental in the north, it was built according to "surprisingly medieval" aspects, since the late Gothic building no longer had a fortress function, but only served representative and administrative purposes.

Tölz Castle in 1590 by Carl August Lebschée (1867), after a fresco by Hans Donauer the Elder from around 1590

The city chronicler Georg Westermayer described the castle as "very stately and spacious". It was three stories high and had a paved courtyard with a fountain. A drawbridge led to the gatehouse, another inner bridge to the courtyard. Among the many rooms, Westermayer particularly highlights the duke's parlor, the women's parlor, as the duchess's room, the maid's room, the chambermaid's room, the dining room, the writing room, the hall and the castle chapel. The caretaker's apartment was also there, with a large balcony facing south. The large number of windows can be derived from the fact that 459 glass panes had to be replaced after a storm in 1579 (although these were probably slug panes ). These had been made of “purgundian waltglass ” since 1548 . The "large garden" of the castle had a summer house, its own pond, fruit trees and vines and was surrounded by a wall. In 1556, the Munich court gardener Lienhart was responsible for this. He rode in from Munich five times a year and “cleaned the pletzers, pounded the vines, cut, pricked and put down”. An animal kennel belonged to the castle, where various game was kept. The name "Rehgraben" still reminds of this today. At the “Schuß” and the Schrannwiese fields were cultivated by farmers from Arzbach and Höfen , for which the castle keeper had to feed them with bread and cheese.

From 1478 the castle was inhabited by the Bavarian Duke Albrecht IV. From here, on August 12, 1482, he issued the order to the Aiblinger Pfleger Fraas to deploy Jörg Hohenrainer in their territory after the Waldeckers died out . He is also said to have issued the primogeniture law here. Tölz, of whom the Duke always referred to as "the Tölzerin", was still in his favor, also because of his loyalty in the fight against the Löwlerbund . During the feud with his brother Wolfgang von Bayern in 1492, the castle was captured and looted by him.

Copper engraving by Tölz by Michael Wening (1701)

After the death of his father, Kaspar III took over . In 1515 , winemaker took over the office of caretaker at Tölz, as well as the castle hat over the castle. Wilhelm IV and his wife Maria Jakobäa von Baden also enjoyed staying at the castle regularly. Albrecht V invested a lot in the expansion and beautification of the castle. While Wilhelm V liked to spend time at the castle, subsequent dukes and electors found it less fond of it, which was also due to the high maintenance costs. Long winters affected the structure, including the fact that the castle was built on soft tufa and so the foundation walls had to be supported. On May 27, 1588, a messenger was sent to Munich due to the dilapidation of the castle. When Maria Anna visited the market with her son in 1656 , she preferred to live in the market rather than in the ailing castle. When Swedish troops invaded Tölz during the Thirty Years War in 1632, the castle was looted again. In 1660, as the preferred seat of Bavarian dukes, it last housed Prince Ferdinand Maria . From then on, the castle served primarily as a barracks, but it was becoming increasingly difficult to maintain. On July 20, 1770, large parts of the castle collapsed in a severe storm. The foundation walls of the building, which had been in disrepair since around 1650, were undermined at night by the Ellbach, which at that time was routed through Marktstrasse for fire protection. This tore large caverns in the hill and large parts of the castle collapsed. Nothing is known about deaths.

Excerpt from the map of the Bavarian Surveying Administration from 1812. In the center, the former location of the castle can be seen as "old castle". Parts of the castle pond and castle garden are also clearly visible.

Large parts of the castle were demolished by 1777 and its stones were built into the Munich residence . According to Westermayer, the castle mound was demolished from 1800 and the last remains of the castle were removed by 1830, and most of the castle mound was leveled into the "castle square". According to city archivist Erhard, parts of the castle hill still existed in 1836, along with the castle pond, although it was not completely demolished until the 1850s. Even Johann Nepomuk Sepp said to have played as a child still in the "Hexenkeuche".

There are no remains of the castle today. The castle garden and pond were on the site of today's parking lot at the castle square and the Bürgergarten, the castle for the most part on the remaining, non-leveled spur on which there is now a kindergarten. The castle pond was at the southern end of today's parking lot. The Bürgerbräugarten was built in 1830. Michael Weithmann suspects that today's bridge connection over the Schulgraben to Marktstrasse has its origin in the bridge that already connected the castle and the market at the time.

The only reminder of the castle was an old wall between today's town hall and the parking lot on the castle square. This was probably built around 1577 and belonged to the former palace garden. She fell victim to the renovation of the town hall in 2019.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tölz in old pictures; Walter Frei, 2000; Page 7
  2. ↑ a b c Bad Tölz - streets, squares, people; Walter Frei, Barbara Schwarz; 2003; Page 52
  3. ↑ Knights and Castles in Upper Bavaria; Bayerland publishing house; Michael Weithmann; 1999; Page 103
  4. ↑ The Chronicle of Tölz; Publishing house Günther Aehlig; Georg Westermayer ; 3rd edition 1976; Page 113
  5. ↑ Isarkiesel; Number 2; Isarkiesel-Verlag; 1998; Page 14; The Tölz castles
  6. ↑ Isarkiesel; Number 2; Isarkiesel-Verlag; 1998; Page 11; The Tölz castles
  7. ↑ The Chronicle of Tölz; Publishing house Günther Aehlig; Georg Westermayer; 3rd edition 1976; Page 114
  8. ^ Bad Tölz - streets, squares, people; Walter Frei, Barbara Schwarz; 2003; page 12
  9. ↑ Bad Tölz; Christoph Schnitzer, Roland Haderlein, Claudia Petzl; CS-Verlag; 2006; Page 18
  10. ↑ a b Entry on Tölz Castle (New Castle, Princely Castle) in the private database “All Castles”.
  11. ↑ Tölz in old pictures; Walter Frei, 2000; Page 16
  12. ↑ Monuments in Bavaria: Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district; Karl M. Lipp-Verlag; Georg Paula, Angelika Wegener-Hüssen; 1994; Page 16
  13. ↑ Tölz in old pictures; Walter Frei, 2000; page 8
  14. ↑ Knights and Castles in Upper Bavaria; Bayerland publishing house; Michael Weithmann; 1999; Page 104
  15. ↑ The Chronicle of Tölz; Publishing house Günther Aehlig; Georg Westermayer; 3rd edition 1976; Page 250
  16. ↑ Isarkiesel; Number 2; Isarkiesel-Verlag; 1998; Page 14; The Tölz castles
  17. ↑ Knights and Castles in Upper Bavaria; Bayerland publishing house; Michael Weithmann; 1999; Page 104
  18. ↑ Klaus Schieder: The city history prescribed. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. April 15, 2018. Retrieved April 20, 2018 .
  19. ↑ Klaus Schieder: A Tölzer treasure goes on a journey. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. April 10, 2019, accessed May 13, 2020 .

Web links

  • Entry on Tölz Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".