Falcatifolium gruezoi
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Falcatifolium gruezoi is a small tree of the genus falcatifolium in the family of podocarpaceae (Podocarpaceae). The natural range of the species is in Melanesia in the Philippines, on Sulawesi and the Moluccas (Indonesia). The species is widespread and sometimes common there, but it is listed in the IUCN Red List as potentially endangered, since stocks in the Philippines in particularare likely to have declineddue to deforestation .
description
Appearance
Falcatifolium gruezoi grows as an evergreen , 4 to 12 meter high tree with a monopodial trunk that reaches a diameter of up to 25 centimeters ( diameter at breast height ). The trunk bark is brown, gray-brown when exposed to the weather, initially smooth and rough in older trees. It peels off, revealing the lighter bark underneath. The branches are thin, spread out and carry numerous, leafy branches that together form a conical tree crown.
leaves
Two types of leaves are formed: scale leaves and needle-shaped leaves. The scale leaves grow more or less pressed at the base of the lateral shoots, are awl-shaped to narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 4 millimeters long and about 1 millimeter wide. They sometimes develop into small leaves. The leaves on seedlings are significantly larger than those on older trees. They are linear-lanceolate to sickle-shaped, pink to purple red and later green when they emerge. They are up to 7.5 centimeters long, widen rapidly from the stem-like base to 6 to 7 millimeters before the center of the leaf and then, when bent forward, converge towards the pointed end. The midrib is thin and hardly raised on both sides of the leaf and extends from the base to the tip. Leaves of older trees that grow in the shade are crescent-shaped, 20 to 40 millimeters long and 5 to 8 millimeters wide and slowly converge towards the base and pointed tip. The midrib is not or hardly raised. Leaves exposed to the sun have a shape similar to that of the shadow leaves. However, they are significantly smaller, glaucous , mostly 8 to 15 sometimes up to 20 millimeters long and mostly 2 to 4 sometimes up to 6 millimeters wide. Numerous line-like, interrupted stomata opening strips are formed on both sides of the leaves, extending from the leaf base to the tip.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow individually on axillary or sometimes terminal, scaly short shoots. They are 5 to 6 inches long and 1.5 to 3 millimeters wide. The microsporophylls have two pollen sacs and a pointed tip above.
The seed cones grow individually on axillary short shoots with pointed scale leaves. The podocarpium is 2 millimeters long and may be larger when fully developed. Only one egg-shaped, crooked, slightly flattened, 6 to 7 millimeter long, dark brown seed with two ridges on the side ripens per cone .
Distribution and ecology
The natural range is in Malesia on the Obi Islands ( Maluku Province , Indonesia), in northern and central Sulawesi and in the Philippines . The distribution area is at altitudes of 1200 to 2200 meters and can probably be assigned to winter hardiness zone 9 with mean annual minimum temperatures of −6.6 to −1.2 degrees Celsius (20 to 30 degrees Fahrenheit ). They are found in montane and underlying rainforests together with other conifers such as Agathis dammara , representatives of the resin slices ( Dacrydium ), Nageia wallichiana and Sundacarpus amarus , deciduous trees are common, but not dominant. Falcatifolium gruezoi grows under the canopy of these species. On the ridges, however, the species can compete with the deciduous trees, where they only reach lower heights.
Hazard and protection
Falcatifolium gruezoi was classified as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN in 2012 on the Red List . The species is poorly researched, but the range makes it likely that the populations have been affected by tree felling and deforestation, at least in the Philippines. However, it is unknown how severe this decline is.
Systematics and Etymology
Falcatifolium gruezoi is a species of the genus Falcatifolium , which belongs to the Podocarpaceae family. It was first described in 1988 by David John de Laubenfels in the Flora Malesiana . The first description was based on finds of small, glaucous leaves from the Halcon in the Philippines and on a description by Frederick William Foxworthy , who still assigned the leaves to Dacrydium falciforme , and which were also based on finds by Elmer Drew Merrill from the Halcon. What is striking about this description are the 6 centimeter long and 3 millimeter diameter pollen cones, which could not be found in a duplicate of the finds in Kew . They would clearly differentiate the species from Falcatifolium falciforme than the sunlit glaucoma leaves, which Merrill did not find in the finds, possibly because he only collected shadow leaves. Synonyms of the species are not known.
The genus name Falcatifolium is derived from the Latin falcis , "sickle" and folia , "leaf", and thus refers to the sickle-like curved leaves. The specific epithet gruezoi honors the mycologist William M. Gruezo (* 1951), who found the type material on the Halcon.
use
The trees are small, so the wood has little value. No other usage is known.
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5 , pp. 365, 366 .
- James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 261, 262 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 366
- ↑ James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World , p. 261
- ↑ a b Falcatifolium gruezoi in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2013. Posted by: P. Thomas, 2012. Retrieved on January 19, 2014.
- ↑ a b James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World , p. 262
- ↑ Falcatifolium gruezoi. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved January 18, 2014 .
- ↑ Falcatifolium gruezoi. In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 18, 2013 .
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 363
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 365
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Falcatifolium gruezoi. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed January 19, 2014 (English).
- Falcatifolium gruezoi at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 19, 2014.