Juliane von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld

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Princess Juliane von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Grand Duchess Anna Fjodorovna. Portrayed by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun 1795/96.
The manor house of the Elfenau estate in Bern . Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna purchased the estate in 1814.

Juliane Henriette Ulrike von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (born September 23, 1781 in Coburg ; † August 15, 1860 in Elfenau , Bern ) was a princess of Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld and by marriage under the name Anna Fjodorowna Russian Grand Duchess.

Life

Juliane was a daughter of Duke Franz Friedrich von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (1750-1806) and Auguste (1757-1831), daughter of Count Heinrich XXIV. Reuss zu Ebersdorf . Her brother Leopold became King of the Belgians in 1831 and, through her sister Victoria , she was an aunt of Queen Victoria . Her brother Ernst succeeded his father as Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld in 1806.

When Tsarina Katharina II was looking for a bride for her grandson Constantine , Juliane traveled to Russia on August 12, 1795 with her mother and sisters Sophie and Antoinette , accompanied by Ferdinand von Wintzingerode . Konstantin chose the youngest of the three sisters, Princess Juliane. This connection and the marriage of her brother Leopold to the British heir to the throne Charlotte Auguste later made the Coburg court into a dynastic center of Europe. Napoleon also treated the tiny Coburg state far less arbitrarily because of its connection to Russia in the coalition wars.

On February 26, 1796, Juliane, not yet 15 years old, married the then 16-year-old Russian Grand Duke Konstantin Pawlowitsch Romanov , brother of Tsar Alexander I , in Saint Petersburg . However, the marriage to Constantine, who was known to be violent, was unhappy. That is why she fled St. Petersburg in 1801 and stayed in various places in Europe. According to Queen Luise of Prussia , she had a child in 1802, whose father was probably Tsar Alexander. Queen Luise wrote to her brother Georg on May 18, 1802: “[...] Anna was born happily, the child was brought to a village in Franconia. What a fate for a child of the Emperor and Grand Duke. He should have something - along with others - part of it. ” A second son, born in 1808, may also come from Tsar Alexander.

In 1813 Juliane settled in Bern , the home of her daughter's father, and in 1814 acquired an estate on the banks of the Aare and named it Elfenau . In 1820 the divorce from Constantine finally took place. Anna Feodorovna was a great music lover and made Elfenau a center of both domestic and foreign society.

Juliane was the bearer of the Grand Cross of the Imperial Russian Order of St. Catherine and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

progeny

Juliane was the mother of three children born out of wedlock:

  • Alexander (Sandor) (1802–1879)

Instead of the presumed Jules Gabriel Emile de Seigneux (1768–1834), a French minor nobility, Tsar Alexander I was probably also the father of their second son:

  • Eduard Edgar Schmidt-Löwe ​​(* 1808; † April 3, 1892), raised to the nobility in 1818 as "von Löwenfels" by Julian's brother Duke Ernst
⚭ 1835 Bertha von Schauenstein (1817–1896)

The father of their third child was their chief steward Rudolf Abraham von Schiferli from Bern:

  • Luise Hilda Aglaia (1812-1837)
⚭ 1834 Jean Samuel Edouard Dapples († 1887)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alexander Jordis-Lohausen: Central Europe 1658-2008 - the chronicle of a family , GRIN Verlag, 2009, p. 58
  2. ↑ Neil Jeffares: Dictionary of pastellists before 1800 , online edition (PDF file, 2.41 MB)
  3. ↑ Elisabeth Krempel (Coburg women): Online article on the Ehrenburg ( Memento of the original from October 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.coburgerfrauen.de
  4. ^ New Plutarch: or, portraits and biographies of the most famous men and women of all nations and classes; from the ancients to our times. According to the most reliable sources edited by an association scholar , CA Hartleben, 1853, volume 5, p. 128
  5. ↑ a b Laszlo Vajda (explanations on Alexander DE 2015): Online
  6. ↑ Queen Luise of Prussia: Letters and Notes 1786-1810. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2010, p. 188
  7. ^ Karl Viktor von Bonstetten, Doris Walser-Wilhelm, Antje Kolde: Bonstettiana , Volume 10; Volume 1805-1811, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p. 629
  8. ↑ AdreßHandbuch the Duchy Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Meusel 1854, S. 13

Web links

Commons : Juliane von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld  - Collection of pictures
personal data
SURNAME Juliane von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Romanowa, Anna Feodorovna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian Grand Duchess
DATE OF BIRTH September 23, 1781
PLACE OF BIRTH Coburg
DATE OF DEATH August 15, 1860
Place of death Bern