Far Eastern marine nature reserve
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Far Eastern marine nature reserve
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 Far Eastern Marine Biosphere Nature Reserve, Gamow Peninsula |
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| location | Primorye , Russia | |
| surface | 64,316.3 ha | |
| WDPA ID | 901254 | |
| Geographical location | 42 ° 35 ' N , 131 ° 13' E | |
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| Sea level | from 0 m to 200 m | |
| Setup date | March 24, 1978 | |
| administration | Vladivostok | |
| particularities | 98 percent of the reserve area is in the aquatorium | |
The Far Eastern State Marine Biosphere Nature Reserve ( Russian Дальневосточный морской биосферный государственный природный зальневосточный морской биосферный государственный природный заподный заповедник is a 98 percent in the Russian Sea of Sanctuary of the Great Peter- Japan region , which is located in the Great Peter- Japan region . The protected area covers a total area of 643 square kilometers, of which 630 km² are water. It is home to around 5000 animal and plant species and is made up of the south , east , and west sections in Khazansky Rajon and the north section , which extends from Popov Island to Vladivostok . In September 2003 the protected area was granted the status of a biosphere reserve as part of the UNESCO program “Man and the Biosphere” .
history
As early as 1893, special use zones were set up on some of the islands in the area. On November 28, 1974, Decree No. 991 of the Primorye Region declared numerous islands to be natural monuments. In 1974 the director of the Institute of Marine Biology, Schirmunski , initiated the establishment of a marine apowednik in Peter the Great Bay and on the enclosed islands. On January 2, 1975, the Marine Nature Reserve Department was founded at the Institute for Marine Biology and the planning of the first Soviet marine nature reserve began. After the objections of the fishing industry and the naval war fleet to the project had been resolved, the Navy and the Academy of Sciences agreed on December 31, 1976 to set up a Sapowednik. On March 24, 1978 Decree No. 228 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR established the establishment of the Far Eastern State Marine Nature Reserve . On February 20, 1979, Alexandrov , the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and the Deputy Minister of Defense, Naval Admiral Gorshkov, signed a document setting out the rules and objectives of the protected region.
On September 15, 2003, the nature reserve was given the status of a biosphere reserve. In 2004 the reserve was granted the status of an independent legal entity . At the same time, the Marine Biological Institute of the Far Eastern Department of the Academy of Sciences was reorganized and the nature reserve was incorporated into the institute as a scientific facility.
climate
The climate of the reserve is characterized by constant monsoon winds , a low annual average temperature, uneven precipitation distribution, fog and cyclones . Winter lasts up to four and a half months and there is little snow. During this time of year the weather is mostly clear, sunny with relatively low temperatures for the latitudes. North-westerly and northerly winds from the mainland towards the sea predominate, transporting dry and cold air. The average monthly temperature in the coldest month of January is −11 ° C. Then the average water temperature on the surface drops to −1.8 ° C. In some bays, a thin ice corner forms from the beginning of December. Summer is warm with high humidity, heavy rain, frequent storms and fog. Then prevailing southerly and southeastern winds bring moist sea air. North and northwest winds are common from mid-October to May. The highest average air temperature in August is around +21 ° C. The water temperature reaches an average of +20 to +22 ° C, in some bays up to +26 ° C. The reserve's waters are similar to the Arctic in winter and subtropics in summer .
geology
The latitude of the coastline runs perpendicular to the collision of the Sichote-Alin mountain systems. As a result, a typical Ria coast was formed here, with numerous bays protected from waves and cutting deep into the mainland. The banks are mostly mountainous.
The reserve consists of more than 30 larger and smaller islands, including Bolshoi Peli , stenine , Matveev , De-Livron , Hildebrandt , Durnovo , Furuhjelm , Wery, Maximov, Wchodnyje, Astafyev, the surf pillars Baklani, the Cape Ostrowok Falschiwy and mainland side several bays . The islands are characterized by rocks, sand and pebble beaches, alluvial land, lakes, swamps and streams. The natural area takes up about 10 percent of the area of Peter the Great Bay. Its water depth reaches 60 to 70 meters. The tidal range is about half a meter.
Flora and fauna
The reserve is rich in deciduous forests and numerous endemics . The flora of the reserve includes around 860 vascular plants and 170 species of algae (e.g. diatoms , seaweed ). 62 species are registered on the Red List of Endangered Species (e.g. Lilium cernuum , iron birch , Japanese emperor oak ). Some species are unique in Russia and discoverable only in the reserve, as the Parthenocissus tricuspidata , beach lilac - and Gamanderarten or eastern ostrich fern .
The fauna of the protected area is shaped by representatives of different climatic zones. 44 species are on the Red List of Threatened Species. There are around 450 species of crustaceans , 200 species of molluscs and 30 species of echinoderms among the invertebrates . The vertebrates include approximately 200 species of fish, 35 species of mammals, five species of reptiles, and 390 species of birds. The exotic animals of the marine reserve include sargasso fish , sunfish , tiger sharks , porpoises and largha seals, and of the mainland Kraits , Amur tigers , snow herons and black vultures .
tourism
A three nautical mile wide protection zone was set up around the sea borders of the reserve and a 500 m wide protection belt on the land side. The public use of natural resources is restricted in the protection zone. Organized eco-touristic group tours are permitted with the permission of the authorities. Only certain excursion routes with a guide and accompanied by a state inspector are permitted. Open campfires, vehicles and the erection of structures are prohibited.
In the Sapowednik there are four monuments of nature: the Pigeon Rock ( "Голубиный Утес"), the hill Sjudari , lagoon Ogorodnaja and the lake Bolshoye Krugloye , the islands Werchowski and Karamzin .
On Popov Island, about 30 kilometers from Vladivostok, the Museum Nature of the Sea and its Protection shows scientific collections and cultural objects from the reserve area and dedicates its work to environmental education and imparting knowledge on the maritime diversity and need for protection of the region.
Individual evidence
- ↑ История заповедника. National Marine Biology Science Center of the Far Eastern Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed November 24, 2018 (in Russian).
- ↑ a b Природные условия. National Marine Biology Science Center of the Far Eastern Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed November 24, 2018 (in Russian).
- ↑ Флора, фауна и лучшие достопримечательности Дальневосточного морского биосферного заповедника. Retrieved November 24, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ TO Malyutin: Дальневосточный морской биосферный государственный природный заповедник ДВО РАН. 35 лет на службе охраны природы. Retrieved November 24, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ Географическое положение. National Marine Biology Science Center of the Far Eastern Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed November 24, 2018 (in Russian).
- ↑ Музей «Природа моря и ее охрана». National Marine Biology Science Center of the Far Eastern Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed November 24, 2018 (in Russian).