Fat leaves
Fat leaves | ||||||||||||
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Small fat leaf ( Bacopa monnieri ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Bacopa | ||||||||||||
Aubl. |
The genus Bacopa ( Bacopa ) belongs to the family of the way Erich plants (Plantaginaceae). The 60 to 70 species thrive in tropical and subtropical areas, mainly in the Neotropic . Some species are marsh plants ( emersed plants).
Fettblatt is the German common name for many species from several genera, for example the genus Sedum and Hylotelephium . In Liechtenstein and Switzerland, pinguicula species ( fatty herbs ) are also known as fatty leaves.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Bacopa species grow as herbaceous plants . The stems are erect or creeping. The opposite leaves have a simple leaf blade.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are individually in the leaf axils or in lateral or terminal racemose inflorescences . There can be one or two cover sheets.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and have a double flower envelope . The rarely four, usually five completely free sepals overlap like roof tiles, with the top one being the largest. The five petals are fused Roehrig. The corolla tube is more or less clearly two-lipped depending on the species. The lower lip is three-lobed and the upper lip is two-lobed. There are usually four, very rarely five stamens . The scar is widened, head-like or bilobed.
The egg-shaped or spherical, quadruple capsule fruits are double-grooved and contain many tiny seeds.
Systematics
The genus Bacopa was established in 1775 by Jean Baptiste Christophe Fusée Aublet in Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise , 1, pp. 128-130, plate 49. Type species is Bacopa aquatica Aubl. Bacopa is a Guyanese plant name. Synonyms for Bacopa Aubl. are: Brami Adans. , Bramia Lam. , Herpestis Gaertn. , Macuillamia Raf. , Moniera P.Browne , Monocardia Pennell .
The genus Bacopa belongs to the tribe Gratioleae within the family Plantaginaceae . It was previously placed in the Gratiolaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Veronicaceae families .
There are 60 to 70 types of Bacopa :
- Bacopa albida (Pennell) Standl. : It was first described from Colombia.
- Bacopa amplexicaulis (Pursh) Compet. : The species was previously considered synonymous with Bacopa amplexcaulia
- Bacopa angulata (Benth.) Loefgr. & Edwall
- Bacopa appressa (Pennell) Standl.
- Bacopa aquatica Aubl.
- Bacopa arenaria (JASchmidt) Loefgr. & Edwall
- Bacopa axillaris (Benth.) Standl.
- Bacopa bacopoides (Benth.) Pulle : It was first described from Brazil.
- Bacopa beccabunga (Griseb.) BLRob.
- Bacopa bracteolata Standl.
- Bacopa braunii (Ernst) Pennell
- Bacopa callitrichoides (Kunth) Pennell
- Large fat leaf ( Bacopa caroliniana (Walter) BLRob. ): It is found in the southeastern US states of Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Louisiana , Maryland , Mississippi , North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia, and Texas .
- Bacopa cladostyla Chodat ex Eskuche
- Bacopa cochlearia (Huber) LBSm.
- Bacopa connata (Pennell) Pennell
- Notched fat leaf ( Bacopa crenata (P.Beauv.) Hepper )
- Bacopa decumbens (Fernald) FNWilliams : It occurs in Mexico and in Africa in Guinea , Gambia , Senegal and Sierra Leone .
- Bacopa depressa (Benth.) Loefgr. & Edwall
- Bacopa diffusa (Willd. Ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Loefgr. & Edwall
- Bacopa divaricata (JASchmidt) Loefgr. & Edwall
- Bacopa dubia Chodat & Hassl.
- Bacopa egensis (Poepp. & Endl.) Pennell
- Bacopa eisenii (Kellogg) Pennell
- Bacopa elongata (Benth.) Pennell
- Bacopa floribunda (R.Br.) Compet. : It occurs in India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, the Philippines, China and Australia.
- Bacopa gracilis (Benth.) Loefgr. & Edwall
- Bacopa grandiflora (Benth.) Descole & Borsini
- Bacopa gratioloides (Cham.) Chodat
- Bacopa hamiltoniana (Benth.) Wettst.
- Bacopa humifusa (Griseb.) BLRob.
- Bacopa imbricata (Benth.) Pennell : It was first described from northern South America.
- Bacopa innominata (M.Gómez) Alain
- Bacopa lacertosa Standl.
- Bacopa lanigera (Cham. & Schltdl.) Compet.
- Bacopa laxiflora (Benth.) Edwall
- Bacopa lecomtei Bonati
- Bacopa lisowskiana Mielcarek
- Bacopa longipes (Pennell) Standl.
- Bacopa madagascariensis (Benth.) Pennell : The Malagasy fatty leaf iswidespreadin the island state of Madagascar .
- Bacopa minuta Borhidi & O.Muñiz
- Small fat leaf ( Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. ): It occurs in tropical and southern Africa, in Madagascar, China, Taiwan, in tropical Asia, Australia, in southern North America, in Central America, in the Caribbean and in South America.
- Bacopa monnierioides (Cham.) BLRob. : It was first described from Brazil.
- Bacopa monosticta (Schltl.) Pennell
- Bacopa montevidensis (explosive) Herter & Melch.
- Bacopa myriophylloides (Benth.) Wettst.
- Bacopa nigrescens (Benth.) Wettst.
- Bacopa occultans (here) Hutch. & Dalziel
- Bacopa oxycalyx Alain : It was first described from the Dominican Republic.
- Bacopa paraguariensis (S. Moore) Hassl.
- Bacopa parvula (S. Moore) Pennell
- Bacopa pedersenii Rossow
- Bacopa pennellii G.M.Barroso & Ichaso : It was first described from Brazil.
- Bacopa punctata Engl.
- Bacopa repens (Sw.) Compet. : It iswidespreadfrom Mexico through Central America and on the Caribbean Islands to northern and western South America and is a neophyte in the southern United States and China.
- Bacopa reptans (Benth.) Edwall
- Rundblättriges Fettblatt ( Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. )
- Bacopa salzmannii (Benth.) Edwall
- Bacopa scabra (Benth.) Descole & Borsini
- Bacopa semiserrata (Mart.) BLRob.
- Bacopa serpyllifolia (Benth.) Pennell
- Bacopa sessiliflora (Benth.) Edwall
- Bacopa stellarioides (Cham.) Loefgr. & Edwall
- Bacopa stemodioides (Pennell) Pennell : It was first described from Cuba.
- Bacopa stricta (Schrad.) Compet. ex Edwall
- Bacopa tweediei (Benth.) Parodi
- Bacopa valerii Standl. & LOWilliams
- Bacopa versicolor Herter & Melch. : It was first described from Uruguay.
- Bacopa verticillata (Pennell & Gleason) Pennell : It was first described from Brazil.
use
Few species are also used as pure ( submersed ) aquatic plants in aquaristics .
The balcony plants offered under the term “Bacopa” or Snow Maiden are, however, a species from the genus Sutera .
literature
- Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren, Robert R. Mill: Scrophulariaceae. : Bacopa , pp. 21–22 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China , Volume 18, 1998. (Sections description and systematics).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Bacopa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d e f Bacopa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Evaluation at The Plant List which species are valid.
- ^ Hans-Georg Kramer: Plant aquaristics á la Kramer. Tetra-Verlag, Berlin-Velten 2009, ISBN 978-3-89745-190-2 , p. 108.
- ↑ Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill: Bacopa Aublet. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 18: Scrophulariaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010
- ^ Hans-Georg Kramer: Plant aquaristics á la Kramer. Tetra-Verlag, Berlin-Velten 2009, ISBN 978-3-89745-190-2 , p. 110 f.
- ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , pp. 141–146 and 445.