Fire fighting regulations
From the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 20th century, the fire extinguishing order or fire order was a municipal law, often linked to a police order . This regulated the behavior of every citizen in the event of fire . Sometimes, especially in the Middle Ages, this also meant that a large part of the citizens had to arm themselves and arrive at assembly points, as fires were often started by looters to distract from themselves. It was also regulated which guild or guild had to provide which material and personnel. Often it was included in the ordinances that every household had to keep a leather bucket ready for fire-fighting purposes.
The regulations governing the roofing of the houses were also important. For example, thatched roofs in connection with open fireplaces were banned in the house, as this caused most of the conflagrations.
To prevent a fire, for example, orders from Count Palatine Karl IV. From 1772 on the proper handling of flax , hemp , straw and hay , the use of lanterns , the tobacco pipe , and the removal of chips every evening in the workshops of the carpenters , Wagner and Bender , the daily extinguishing of the stove and hearth fire at the specific hour of the evening. According to the simultaneous building regulations, no more wooden chimneys were allowed to be erected, no more wooden hoses were allowed to be installed, which had to lead the smoke of the fireplace to the fireplace , as it was forbidden to lead stovepipes out of the window. According to Emperor Charles V's embarrassing court order , the author of the deliberate arson is to be brought to death by fire. It was strictly ensured that every landlord always had a tub filled with water ready and a leather fire bucket with a name at hand. Each municipality had to keep a certain number of buckets in stock. No resident was allowed to marry or be accepted as a subject who had not supplied the community buckets with a new one with the year and name.
In the Rhineland , preventive fire protection was also taken into account. In the fire regulations of September 2, 1833, it has already been specified in detail that roofs may no longer be covered with straw and chimneys must be built from bricks or rubble stones. Even the distance between a stove and a half-timbered wall was fixed with at least one foot .
Around 1835, according to the ordinance of the government of the Duchy of Nassau, mandatory fire brigades had to be set up. Every man between the ages of twenty and sixty was obliged to do fire fighting and had to appear three times a year for a compulsory exercise. Pastors, doctors and teachers were excluded.
The oldest fire extinguishing regulations come from Augsburg and Lübeck (1276), Vienna (1278), Flensburg (1284), Zwickau (1348), Aachen (1350), Erfurt (1351), Munich (1370), Cologne (1403), Bremen (1433 ), Frankfurt am Main (1439), Hamburg (1462) and Bozen (1470). Today, fire extinguishing regulations in this sense and in this type are no longer necessary, since the necessary regulations are made in the fire and disaster protection laws of the federal states.
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz-Josef Sehr : The fire extinguishing system in Obertiefenbach from earlier times . In: Yearbook for the Limburg-Weilburg district 1994 . The district committee of the Limburg-Weilburg district, Limburg-Weilburg 1993, p. 151-153 .
- ↑ Franz-Josef Sehr : The founding years of the volunteer fire brigade Obertiefenbach . In: Yearbook for the Limburg-Weilburg district 1995 . The district committee of the district of Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg-Weilburg 1994, p. 170-171 .
- ^ Augsburg fire brigade: History of the fire brigades ( Memento from September 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ 100 Years of the Mannheim Professional Fire Brigade, City of Mannheim - Fire Brigade and Disaster Protection, 1981
- ^ Hannes Obermair : Written form and documented tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . In: Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord . tape 2 . Bolzano 2008, ISBN 978-88-901870-1-8 , pp. 139, no.1107 .