Fitzwilliam Virginal Book

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The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book ( Fitzwilliam-Virginal-Buch ) is the most extensive historical collection of harpsichord music of the late 16th and early 17th centuries in England with almost 300 compositions for the virginal . It was probably put together by the composer Francis Tregian (1574–1619).

The music collection

The origin of the compilation of pieces from around 1562 at the beginning of the 17th century (around 1610–1625) remains largely in the dark. Francis Tregian's authorship is considered controversial. He may have put them together in the last decade of his life. But the claim that the persecuted Catholic made copies of the notes while he was in prison in Fleet Prison could be exposed as a pious falsification of history. The English music historian Charles Burney (1726–1814) also caused confusion at the end of the 18th century when he identified the work as Queen Elizabeth 's Virginal Book . Musicologists later pointed out that the music-loving monarch did not have the technical skills to play the virtuoso tone creations and, above all, some of the pieces were only composed after her death.

The manuscript collection came into the possession of the English composer of German origin Johann Christoph Pepusch (1667–1752) in a way that has not yet been clarified . Together with his entire library, it was sold in 1762 for 10 guineas to the music publisher Robert Bremner (1713–1789) from Edinburgh . The art-loving nobleman and politician Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745–1816), acquired the antique in 1783 from Bremner. The patron bequeathed it with his entire book and art collection to the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge , which he donated in 1816 , where it is still located today.

The unhistorical name Queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book persisted until the beginning of the 20th century. Only after a careful edition by John Alexander Fuller-Maitland (1856-1936), author of musical literature and music critic of the Times and Guardian , and the music librarian of the British Museum William Barclay Squire (1855-1927), who in 1899 in London and Leipzig appeared in the traditional music publisher Breitkopf & Härtel , the technical term Fitzwilliam Virginal Book gradually gained acceptance . It is derived from its storage location in the museum of the same name.

The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book contains 297 Airs , Variations , Fantasies , Toccatas , Pavans , Gaillarden , Allemanden and Courantes on 220 folio pages. Almost all the great composers of the Elizabethan period and the epoch of Jacob I who composed for keyboard instruments are represented: John Bull (1563–1628), William Byrd (approx. 1543–1623) and Giles Farnaby provide most of the pieces. In fourth place follows Peter Philips (1561–1628). Also pieces by unknown composers such as Martin Peerson (approx. 1572–1650), John Mundy (1550–1630), Edward Johnson (approx. 1572–1601), William Tisdale (also Tisdall ) and William Inglott (1554–1621) as well as anonymous Francis Tregian has added Tonkünstler to his collection. Some composers are only known from pieces from this work. Some compositions are also attributed to Tregian himself. The only foreign composers represented are Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck , the Dutchman who was friends with Peter Philips, and Giovanni Picchi , a Venetian composer and dance teacher, with a single toccata (No. 95).

For some composers of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods , such as William Byrd, John Bull, Giles Farnaby and Peter Philips, this collection is the main source of their works today.


Content of the collection

NE = My Ladye Nevells Booke of Virginal Music

No. title composer annotation
Volume I.
I. Walsingham John Bull
II Fantasia John Munday
III Fantasia, Faire Wether, etc. John Munday
IV Pavana [I] Ferdinando Richardson
V Variatio [I] Ferdinando Richardson
VI Galiarda [I] Ferdinando Richardson
VII Variation [I] Ferdinando Richardson
VIII Fantasia [VII] William Byrd
IX Go from my window Thomas Morley see XLII
X Jhon come kiss me now William Byrd
XI Galliarda to my Lord Lumleys's Pavan John Bull see XLI
XII Nancie Thomas Morley
XIII Pavana [VII] John Bull
XIV Alman [IX] Anonymous
XV Robin John Munday see CXXVIII
XVI Pavana [II] Anonymous for times Sims, see CCLXXXI
XVII Galiarda [X] John Bull
XVIII Barafostus' Dreame Anonymous see CXXXI
XIX Muscadin Anonymous see CCXCIII
XX Alman [VII] Anonymous
XXI Galiarda [I] Anonymous
XXII Prelude [VII] Anonymous
XXIII Prelude, El Kidermeister Anonymous
XXIV Prelude [III] William Byrd
XXV Prelude [III] Anonymous
XXVI The Irish Ho-Hoane Anonymous
XXVII Pavane [VII] Ferdinando Richardson
XXVIII Varatio [VII] Ferdinando Richardson
XXIX Galliarda [I *] Ferdinando Richardson
XXX Varatio [I *] Ferdinando Richardson
XXXI The Quadran Pavan John Bull see CXXXIII
XXXII Variation of the Quadran Pavan John Bull
XXXIII Galliard to the Quadran Pavan John Bull see CXXXIV
XXXIV Pavana [IX] John Bull see XLVIII
XXXV Galiard to the Pavan [IX] John Bull
XXXVI Saint Thomas Wake [IX] John Bull
XXXVII In nomine [X *] John Bull
XXXVIII Fantasia [IX *] John Bull
XXXIX Pavana [IX *] Robert Johnson set by Giles Farnaby
XL The woods so wild Orlando Gibbons see LXVII
XLI Pavana of my Lord Lumley John Bull see XI
XLII Go from my window John Munday see IX
XLIII Prelude [I] John Bull
XLIV Gloria tibi Trinitas John Bull
XLV Salvator Mundi John Bull
XLVI Galliarda [VII] John Bull
XLVII Variato [VII] John Bull
XLVIII Galliarda [IX] John Bull to Pavan XXXIV
XLIX Prelude Thomas Oldfield
L. In nomine William Blitheman
LI Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La John Bull
LII Fantasia [IX] William Byrd see C.
LIII The King's Hunt Giles Farnaby
LIV Spagnioletta Giles Farnaby
LV For two virginals Giles Farnaby
LVI Passamezzo Pavana William Byrd NE24
LVII Galiarda's Passamezzo William Byrd NE25
LVIII The Carman's Whistle William Byrd NE34
LIX The Hunt's up William Byrd see CCLXXVI; NE8
LX Tregian's Ground William Byrd NE35 Hughe Ashton's Grownde
LXI Monsieur's Alman William Byrd NE38
LXII Variatio William Byrd NE38
LXIII Alman [XIII] William Byrd
LXIV Sellinger's Round William Byrd NE37
LXV Fortune William Byrd
LXVI O Mistris myne William Byrd
LXVII The woods so wild William Byrd see XL; NE27
LXVIII Walsingham William Byrd see I; NE31
LXIX The Bells William Byrd
LXX Tirsi, di Luca Marenzio. Peter Philips 1a. Part intavolata di Pietro Philippi
LXXI Freno Peter Philips 2a. Party
LXXII So morirò Peter Philips 3a.
LXXIII Fece da voi Peter Philips à 6
LXXIV Pavana Pagget Peter Philips
LXXV Galliarda [I **] Peter Philips
LXXVI Passamezzo Pavana Peter Philips
LXXVII Galliarda Passamezzo Peter Philips
LXXVIII Chi fara fede al Cielo Alessandro Striggio set by Peter Philips
LXXIX Bon Jour mon Cuer Orlando di Lasso set by Peter Philips
LXXX Pavana Dolorosa Tregian set by Peter Philips
LXXXI Galiarda Dolorosa Peter Philips
LXXXII Amarilli Julio Romano ( Giulio Caccini ) set by Peter Philips
LXXXIII Margot laborez Orlando di Lasso set by Peter Philips
LXXXIV Fantasia [VII] Peter Philips
LXXXV Pavana [VII] Peter Philips
LXXXVI Le Rossignuol Orlando di Lasso set by Peter Philips
LXXXVII Galliardo [VII] Peter Philips
LXXXVIII Galliardo [XIII *] Peter Philips
LXXXIX Fantasia [XIII *] Nicholas Stroeger
XC Alman [IX] Martin Peerson
XCI Pavana, Bray William Byrd
XCII Galiarda William Byrd
XCIII Pavana Ph. Tregian William Byrd
XCIV Galiarda [XIII *] William Byrd
XCV Toccata Giovanni Picchi
XCVI Prelude Toccata Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
XCVII Pavana Thomas Warrock
XCVIII Galiarda Thomas Warrock
XCIX Prelude Galeazzo
C. Prelude William Byrd to Fancie II
CI Ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la William Byrd NE9
CII Ut, mi, right William Byrd
CIII Fantasia [XIII] William Byrd NE36
CIV All in a garden green William Byrd NE32
CV Heaven and Earth Friday
CVI Prelude [VII] John Bull
CVII Veni Anonymous
CVIII Fantasia [IX *] John Bull
CIX Felix namque Thomas Tallis
Volume II
CX Felix namque II Thomas Tallis (1564)
CXI Excise Anonymous
CXII Daphne Giles Farnaby
CXIII Pawles Wharfe Giles Farnaby
CXIV Quodlings Delight Giles Farnaby
CXV Prelude [X] John Bull
CXVI Prelude [XIII *] John Bull Dor
CXVII Prelude [VII] Anonymous
CXVIII Ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la [VII] Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck a 4 voci
CXIX In nomine [IX] John Bull
CXX Prelude [VII] Anonymous
CXXI Pavana Lachryme John Downland set by William Byrd, see CLIII and CCXC
CXXII Galiarda James Harding set by William Byrd
CXXIII Galiarda Thomas Tomkins
CXXIV Fantasia [I] Thomas Morley
CXXV Christe Redemptor John Bull
CXXVI The Maydens Song William Byrd NE28
CXXVII Put up your Dagges, Jemy Giles Farnaby
CXXVIII Bony sweet robin Giles Farnaby see XV
CXXIX Fantasia [I] Giles Farnaby
CXXX A Grounde Thomas Tomkins
CXXXI Barafostus' Dream Thomas Tomkins see XVIII
CXXXII The Hunting Galliard Thomas Tomkins
CXXXIII The Quadran Paven William Byrd see XXXI
CXXXIV Galiard to the Quadran Paven William Byrd see XXXIII
CXXXV The King's Hunt John Bull
CXXXVI Pavana [I] John Bull
CXXXVII Galiarda [I] John Bull
CXXXVIII Dr. Bull's Juell John Bull
CXXXIX The Spanish Paven John Bull
CXL In nomine Parsons
CXLI Woody Cook Giles Farnaby
CXLII The Duke of Brunswick's Alman John Bull
CXLIII Rosasolis Giles Farnaby
CXLIV Psalms [140] Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
CXLV Alman [I] Robert Johnson
CXLVI Alman [I] Robert Johnson
CXLVII Alman Robert Johnson set by Giles Farnaby
CXLVIII The New Sa-Hoo Giles Farnaby
CXLIX Nobody's Gigge Richard Farnaby
CL Malt's come downe William Byrd
CLI Prelude [IX] Anonymous
CLII Alman [XIII] Thomas Morley
CLIII Pavana [IX] Thomas Morley Lachrymae
CLIV Galiarda [IX] Thomas Morley
CLV La Volta William Byrd
CLVI Alman [VII] William Byrd
CLVII Wolsey's Wilde [VII] William Byrd
CLVIII Callino Casturame William Byrd
CLIX La Volta Thomas Morley set by William Byrd
CLX Rowland William Byrd NE33 Lord Willobie's Welcome Home
CLXI Why ask you Anonymous see CCLXXXVI
CLXII The ghost William Byrd
CLXIII Alman [IX *] William Byrd
CLXIV Galliard [I] William Byrd
CLXV Pavana [IX *] William Byrd
CLXVI Galliarda [IX *] William Byrd
CLXVII Pavana [I **] William Byrd NE10
CLXVIII Galiarda [I **] William Byrd NE11
CLXIX Pavana [XIII *] Thomas Morley
CLXX Galiarda [XIII *] Thomas Morley
CLXXII The Queens Alman William Byrd
CLXXIII A medley William Byrd
CLXXIV Pavana [IX] William Byrd
CLXXV Galliarda [IX] William Byrd
CLXXVI Misery William Byrd 3 voices
CLXXVII Misery William Byrd 4 voices
CLXXVIII Pakingtown's Pownde Anonymous
CLXXIX The Irish dump Anonymous
CLXXX Watkins Ale Anonymous
CLXXXI A gigg William Byrd
CLXXXII Piper's Paven Martin Peerson
CLXXXII Pipers Galliard John Bull
CLXXXIII Variatio ejusdem John Bull
CLXXXIV Prelude [XIII] John Bull D.
CLXXXV Galiarda [IX *] John Bull
CLXXXVI Galiarda [IX *] John Bull
CLXXXVII Allemanda Marchant
CLXXXVIII Can Shee Anonymous
CLXXXIX Doctor Bull's my selfe John Bull A gigge
CXC A gigge John Bull
CXCI Sir Jhon Grayes Galliard William Byrd
CXCII Prelude [VII] John Bull
CXCIII A toy Anonymous see CCIV
CXCIV Giles Farnaby's Dreame Giles Farnaby
CXCV His rest Giles Farnaby
CXCVI His humor Giles Farnaby
CXCVII Fayne would I wedd Richard Farnaby
CXCVIII A mask Giles Farnaby
CXCIX A mask Giles Farnaby
CC To Almain Anonymous
CCI Corranto [VII] Anonymous
CCII Alman [XIII] Anonymous
CCIII Corranto [X] Anonymous
CCIV Corranto [VII] Anonymous see CXCIII
CCV Corranto [I] Anonymous
CCVI Daunce Anonymous
CCVII Worster Braules Thomas Tomkins
CCVIII Fantasia [VII] Giles Farnaby
CCIX A mask Giles Farnaby
CCX Prelude [IX] John Bull
CCXI Prelude [V] Anonymous
CCXII Martin sad to his man Anonymous
CCXIII Almand William Tisdale
CCXIV Pavana Chromatica William Tisdale
CCXV Ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la John Bull
CCXVI Plaster Ice Round William Byrd
CCXVII Fantasia [I *] Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
CCXVIII Coranto [IX] William Byrd
CCXIX Pavana Clemens Cotton William Tisdale
CCXX Pavana [I *] William Tisdale
CCXXI Coranto [I] Anonymous
CCXXII Alman Hooper
CCXXIII Corranto [I] Anonymous
CCXXIV Corranto [I] Anonymous
CCXXV Corranto [I *] Anonymous
CCXXVI Corranto [VII] Anonymous
CCXXVII Alman [III] Anonymous
CCXXVIII Corranto Hooper
CCXXIX Fantasia [VII] Giles Farnaby
CCXXX Loth to depart Giles Farnaby
CCXXXI Fantasia [I] Giles Farnaby
CCXXXII Fantasia [I *] Giles Farnaby
CCXXXIII Ay me, poore heart Giles Farnaby transcription
CCXXXIV Fantasia [I] Giles Farnaby
CCXXXV Walter Erle's Paven [I] Giles Farnaby
CCXXXVI Fantasia [IX] Giles Farnaby
CCXXXVII Fantasia [VII] Giles Farnaby
CCXXXVIII Fantasia [VII] Giles Farnaby
CCXXXIX The L. Zouches mask Giles Farnaby
CCXL Grounde Giles Farnaby
CCXLI Corranto [XIII] William Byrd
CCXLII Up tails all Giles Farnaby
CCXLIII Jhonson's Medley Edward Johnson
CCXLIV Nowel's Galliard Anonymous
CCXLV Tower Hill Giles Farnaby
CCXLVI Prelude [XIII] Giles Farnaby
CCXLVII The King's Morisco [XIII] Anonymous
CCXLVIII A duo Richard Farnaby
CCXLIX Alman [VII] Anonymous
CCL A Galiard Ground William Inglot
CCLI The Leaves beee greene William Inglot
CCLII Pavana [IX] William Byrd NE14
CCLIII Galiarda [X] William Byrd NE15
CCLIV Pavana [IX *] William Byrd
CCLV Galiarda [IX *] William Byrd
CCLVI Pavana [XIII] William Byrd
CCLVII Pavana Fantasia [VIII] William Byrd NE12
CCLVIII Galiarda [VII] William Byrd NE13
CCLIX The Earle of Oxford's Marche William Byrd NE3
CCLX Galiarda Jehan Oystermayre
CCLXI Fantasia William Byrd
CCLXII The Duchesse of Brunswick's Toye John Bull
CCLXIII A Toye [VIII] Anonymous
CCLXIV Corranto [I] Anonymous
CCLXV Lady Riche Anonymous
CCLXVI Corranto [VIII] Anonymous
CCLXVII A gigge Giles Farnaby
CCLXVIII A Toye [VII] Anonymous
CCLXIX Galliarda [X] Giles Farnaby
CCLXX A Toye [X] Giles Farnaby
CCLXXI The primerose Martin Peerson
CCLXXII The Fall of the Leafe Martin Peerson
CCLXXIII Farnabye's Conceit Giles Farnaby
CCLXXIV Allemanda Anonymous
CCLXXV Pavana, Canon William Byrd NE22
CCLXXVI Peascodd Time William Byrd see LIX; NE8
CCLXXVII Pavana, Delight Edward Johnson set by William Byrd
CCLXXVIII Galiarda Edward Johnson set by William Byrd
CCLXXIX Misery John Bull 3 voices
CCLXXX Tell mee, Daphne Giles Farnaby
CCLXXXI Mal Sims Giles Farnaby
CCLXXXII Munday's Joy John Munday
CCLXXXIII Rosseter's Galliard set by Giles Farnaby
CCLXXXIV The Flatt Pavan Giles Farnaby
CCLXXXV Pavana [VII] Giles Farnaby
CCLXXXVI Why ask you [VII] Giles Farnaby see CLXI
CCLXXXVII Farmer's Paven Giles Farnaby
CCLXXXVIII Dalling Alman Anonymous
CCLXXXIX The Old Spagnoletta Giles Farnaby
CCXC Lachrymae Pavan John Dowland set by Giles Farnaby, see CXXI ​​and CLIII
CCXCI Meridian Alman set by Giles Farnaby
CCXCII Pavana Orlando Gibbons
CCXCIII Muscadin Giles Farnaby see XIX
CCXCIV Lady Montegle's Paven William Byrd
CCXCV Galiarda William Tisdale
CCXCVI Fantasia [I] Giles Farnaby
CCXCVII Hanskin Richard Farnaby

See also

literature

  • The Fitzwilliam virginal book / ed. From the original manuscript with an introd. and notes by John Alexander Fuller-Maitland and William Barclay Squire. Translated into German by John Bernhoff. - Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. - (originally: London and Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1899). - In 2 volumes:
    • Volume 1: [score]. - 1963. - XXVI, 436 pp. (Also published in New York by Dover Publications . There also unchanged edition 1980 with ISBN 0-486-21068-5 )
    • Volume 2: [score]. - 1963. - IX, 502 pp. (Also published in New York by Dover Publications . There also unchanged edition 1979 with ISBN 0-486-21069-3 )
  • Naylor, Edward Woodall: An Elisabethan virginal book: being a critical essay on the contents of a manuscript in the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge . - London and a. : JM Dent u. a., 1905. - XV, 220 pp.
  • Neudenberger, Lucia: The variation technique of the virginalists in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book . - Berlin, 1937. - 86 pp. - (Berlin, Phil. Diss., 1937)

CDs

  • Byrd, William: Pieces from "The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book" / Ursula Duetschler [harpsichord]. - Thun: Claves Records , 1990. - 1 CD (70 min.): Stereo, DDD. - (Ent .: Fantasia C; The carmans whistle; Pavan and Galliard F; The woods so wild; Fantasia G; The Queen's alman; Pavan and Galliard G; The Bells; Walsingham; All in a garden green; Lavolta; Pavan and Galliard g; Ut re mi fa sol la)
  • The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book: Transcriptions for a mixed consort / Charivari Agréable. - London: Signum Records, 1999. - 1 CD (70 min.). - (Ent .: William Byrd : Walsingham; Giles Farnaby : Loth to depart; Thomas Morley : O Mystress Myne; Giles Farnaby: Lord Zouche's mask; John Bull: Ut re mi fa sol la; William Byrd: Pavana; William Byrd: Galiarda ; Giles Farnaby: Daphne; Giles Farnaby: Up [T] ails All; William Inglott: The leaves bee greens; Martin Peerson: The Fall of the Leafe; John Bull: The King's Hunt; Orlando Gibbons : The Lord of Salisbury his Pavan; William Byrd: Rowland; Anonymous: Alman; Jan Sweelinck : Praeludium Toccata; Peter Philips: Amarilli di Julio Romano; William Byrd: Gipsies Round)
  • The Fitzwilliam Virginal book / Byron Schenkman, harpsichord; Maxine Eilander, harp. - Louisiana  : Centaur, 2003. - 1 CD (71 min.): Stereo, DDD. - (Ent .: William Byrd: O mistris myne; Anonymus: Barafostus' dreame; Edward Johnson: Johnson's medley; Thomas Morley: Pavana (CLIII) and galiarda (CLIV); John Bull: Pavana (XIII); Jan Pieterszon Sweelinck: Praeludium toccata; Thomas Tomkins : Worster braules; William Byrd: Callino casturame; Peter Philips: Amarilli di Julio Romano, Bon jour mon cueur di Orlando, Galliardo (LXXXVII); Giles Farnaby: The old spagnoletta, The L. Zouches mask; Thomas Warrock: Pavana and galiarda; John Bull: Praeludium (XLIII); Anonymous: Pakington's Pownde; Francis Tregian (attributed to): Heaven and earth; William Byrd: Pavana lachrymae; Giovanni Picchi : Toccata; Giles Farnaby: For two virginals)
  • "The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book" / Pieter-Jan Belder [harpsichord]. - Brilliant Classics , 2012-2016. - 10 CDs in 5 volumes (537 min.): Stereo, DDD. - Total recording

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reginald Smith Brindle: Forward. In: the same (ed.): Antonio Castelioni, Intabalotura de Leuto de Diversi Autori. Edizioni Suvini Zerboni, Milan 1978 (= Edizioni Suvini Zerboni. Volume 7922), pp. IX – XIV, here: p. IX.