Red-rimmed tree sponge

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Red-rimmed tree sponge
Red-rimmed tree sponge (cropped) .jpg

Red-rimmed tree sponge ( Fomitopsis pinicola )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Stalk porlings (Polyporales)
Family : Tree spongy relatives (Fomitopsidaceae)
Genre : Tree sponges ( Fomitopsis )
Type : Red-rimmed tree sponge
Scientific name
Fomitopsis pinicola
( Sw  .: Fr. ) P. Karst.

The red-rimmed tree sponge ( Fomitopsis pinicola ) is a species of fungus from the tree sponge relatives . It can be found all year round on living or dead deciduous and coniferous trees. Its occurrence on spruce trees is particularly common in mountainous areas, which is why it is also known as spruce spruce .

features

A red-rimmed tree sponge in the third growth phase
The spruce spruce is very variable in its hat color and does not always have a red border.
Underside of the spruce spruce

Macroscopic features

The red-rimmed tree sponge forms perennial fruiting bodies that can protrude up to 30 cm wide, 9 cm thick and 15 cm from the substrate. Young they are often bulky, later semicircular or broad hoof-shaped. The fruiting bodies can rarely also be semi- resupinate or resupinate (adjacent to the substrate).

The top of the hats consists of a hard crust that contains concentric depressions. The color ranges from strong orange to red-brown and blue-gray to gray-black. The outermost growth zone often remains red-yellow, which is why the mushroom got its name. The crust melts when heated and dissolves in potassium hydroxide solution .

The fine pores on the underside are rounded. At first they are light lemon yellow to ocher in color, later gray-brown in color. Two to six pores can be counted per millimeter. On pressure they turn gray to violet in young fruiting bodies. In young mushrooms numerous droplets ( guttation ) can be found on the growth zone and on the hymenium . The section shows a stratification of the tubes, which is created by the annual growth spurts .

The spore powder is white.

The meat ( trama ) is colored ocher and corky in both the hat and the tubes. Young fruiting bodies have an unpleasantly sour smell.

The fruiting bodies of the spruce spruce show geotropism . The formerly vertical tubes are closed and new, now vertical tubes are formed.

Microscopic features

The spores themselves are elliptical in shape with a length of 6–8 × 3.5–4 micrometers. They have a smooth surface.

Species delimitation

The red-rimmed tree sponge is well characterized by its red rim in older fruiting bodies. The sponge tinder may be similar, but does not have a meltable and KOH- soluble crust. Confusion with different Lackporlingen can also occur. These, on the other hand, have brown flesh and brown spores.

ecology

Here the red-rimmed tree sponge fructifies on a dead, fallen spruce.

The red-rimmed tree sponge can be found in all deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. It can also be found outside of closed forests, in clearings, in parks and gardens. The fungus grows on living or dead wood such as standing or lying trunks, stumps or branches. The fungus occurs in all phases of wood rot.

The red-rimmed tree sponge has a particularly broad spectrum of host trees; the preferred substrate is the common spruce . In addition, it occurs mainly in and on red beech , silver fir , Scots pine , birch , alder and apple trees. Thanks to the perennial fruiting bodies, it can be found all year round. In the wood affected by its mycelium, it causes a "cubic brown rot " (" broken cube ") through the predominant breakdown of cellulose and hemicelluloses . Old fruiting bodies are often colonized by the birch pollen mushroom .

distribution

The red-rimmed tree sponge is widespread throughout the Holarctic . It can also be found in South Asia in Pakistan, India, Nepal and the Philippines as well as in Central and South America in Guatemala, Haiti and Cuba. In the Holarctic it is meridional to boreal . The red-rimmed tree sponge is found in North America from Alaska to Mexico, in Europe, in North Africa in Morocco and in Asia in Turkey and the Caucasus, in China and Japan as well as on the Kamchatka Peninsula .

In Europe, the fungus is widespread from the Mediterranean to the North Cape . To the east the area extends to the Urals , the geographical border. He can be found mainly in the coniferous forest regions. In Germany it is widespread and relatively dense. The occurrences in the northwest are somewhat lower.

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sven Gunnar Ryman, Ingmar Holmåsen: mushrooms . Bernhard Thalacker Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 978-3-87815-043-5 , p. 665 .

Web links

Commons : Fomitopsis pinicola  - album with pictures, videos and audio files