Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook

Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook (painting by George Hayter )

Francis Thornhill Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook PC , FRS (born April 20, 1796 in Calcutta , British India , † September 6, 1866 in Stratton Park, Micheldever , Hampshire ) was a British politician of the Whigs and later the Liberal Party , the between 1826 and 1865 member of the House of Commons , from 1839 to 1841 Chancellor of the Exchequer and between 1849 and 1852 First Lord of the Admiralty and thus Lord High Admiralwas. A few months before his death in 1866 he was raised to hereditary peer as Baron Northbrook and thus became a member of the House of Lords .

Life

Family origin

Francis Baring was a descendant of the Baring family , a family originally from Lower Saxony , now living in both Germany and Great Britain. His father was the politician Sir Thomas Baring, 2nd Baronet , who was also a member of the lower house from 1806 to 1832. His mother, Mary Ursula Sealy, was the daughter of Charles Sealy, a lawyer practicing in Calcutta.

He was the couple's eldest son after an older sister had died in childbed. His younger brother Thomas Baring was a politician of the Conservative Party and between 1835 and 1837 and again from 1844 to 1873 a member of the House of Commons. Other younger siblings were John Baring, Charlotte Baring and the clergyman Charles Thomas Baring , who was Bishop of Gloucester between 1856 and 1861 and then from 1861 until his death in 1879 was Bishop of Durham . Other younger sisters were Emily Baring, Dorothy L. Baring and the youngest sister Frances Baring, who was married to Henry Labouchère, 1st Baron Taunton, who was a member of the House of Commons from 1826 to 1859, from 1839 to 1841 and again from 1847 to 1852 Minister of Commerce ( President of the Board of Trade ), between 1846 and 1847 Chief Secretary for Ireland and finally Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1855 to 1858 and was promoted to Baron Taunton in 1859 .

Degree, lawyer and member of the House of Commons

Francis Baring completed his education 1807-1811 at the renowned Winchester College and then at Eton College , before studying at the 18 January 1814 Christ Church College of Oxford University began. He graduated in 1817 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and then took up a law degree at the Lincoln's Inn Bar . He completed his further studies at Christ Church College at the University of Oxford in 1821 with a Master of Arts (MA) and, after being admitted to the bar in 1823, began working as a barrister .

On July 25, 1826 Baring was the first member of the House of Commons and represented in this for the Whigs and later for the Liberal Party until July 11, 1865 the constituency of Portsmouth . During the tenure of Prime Minister Charles Gray, 2nd Earl Gray he was from November 2, 1830 one of the Lords until 16 July 1834 the Treasury ( Lord of the Treasury ). Together with Robert Vernon Smith , George Ponsonby and Thomas Francis Kennedy he held the office of Lord High Treasurer from 1832 to 1834 . In addition, he became on June 24, 1831 a member of a commission of the Colonial Office ( Colonial Office ), which dealt with emigration to the British colonies. In the following cabinet of Prime Minister William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne , he was between July 16 and November 17, 1834 Secretary of the Treasury ( Joint Secretary of the Treasury ).

Chancellor of the Exchequer, First Lord of the Admiralty and Baron Northbrook

After William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, was again Prime Minister on April 18, 1835, Baring again took over the post of Secretary of the Treasury. As part of a government reshuffle, he finally succeeded Thomas Spring Rice as Chancellor of the Exchequer on August 26, 1839 and held this office until the end of Melbourne's tenure on August 30, 1841. At the same time, he became a member on August 26, 1839 of the Privy Council and was Lord High Treasurer as Chancellor of the Exchequer .

When his father died on April 3, 1848, Baring inherited his title of nobility as 3rd Baronet , of the City of London, which had been awarded to his grandfather Francis Baring (1740-1810) on May 11, 1793 in the Baronetage of Great Britain . In January 1849 he succeeded George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland as First Lord of the Admiralty in the government of Prime Minister John Russell and belonged to this until the end of Russell's tenure on February 23, 1852. As First Lord of the Admiralty he was from January 1849 and February 1852 by virtue of office also chairman of the commission for the exercise of the office of Lord High Admiral .

On February 22, 1849 Baring became a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS). Half a year after he left the House of Commons on July 11, 1865, Baring was hereditary nobility by a letters patent dated December 19, 1865, effective January 4, 1866 as 1st Baron Northbrook, of Stratton, in the County of Southampton ( Hereditary Peerage ) of the Peerage of the United Kingdom and thus a member of the House of Lords . He lived in Stratton Park, Micheldever, Hampshire, where he died on September 6, 1866.

Marriages and offspring

Baring was married twice. In his first marriage he married on April 7, 1835 in the Dockyard Chapel of Portsmouth Jane Gray. Their father, George Gray, 1st Baronet, was a sea captain in the Royal Navy , son of Charles Gray, 1st Earl Gray and younger brother of the future Prime Minister Charles Gray, 2nd Earl Gray .

This marriage produced five children. The eldest daughter Mary Baring was the wife of the politician John Bonham-Carter , who between 1847 and 1874 represented the constituency of Winchester as a member of the House of Commons and lastly from 1872 to 1874 as chairman of the influential "Ways and Means Committee" ( Chairman of Ways and Means ) was also Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons. A younger son and two younger daughters had died in childbed. The youngest son was Thomas George Baring , who was a member of the House of Commons between 1857 and 1866 and inherited the title of 2nd Baron Northbrook when his father died . As such, he was Governor General and Viceroy of India from 1872 to 1876 and also First Lord of the Admiralty from 1880 to 1885. In addition, he was raised in 1876 to the Earl of Northbrook with the subordinate title Viscount Baring , of Lee in the County of Kent.

After the death of his first wife Jane Gray on April 23, 1838, Francis Baring married his second wife, Arabella Georgina Howard, daughter of Lieutenant General Kenneth Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham, on March 31, 1841 in St George's Church in Hanover Square, London . From the second marriage went the son Francis Henry Baring, who was among other things high sheriff of the county of Surrey in 1888 and was married to Grace Elizabeth Boyle, a daughter of Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork .

After his death he was buried on September 13, 1866 in Micheldever, Hampshire.

Web links

• Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook in the Hansard (English)
• Entry in Cracroft's Peerage
• Entry in Leigh Rayment Peerage
• Francis Thornhill Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook, on thepeerage.com , accessed July 17, 2016.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ London Gazette . No. 18997, HMSO, London, November 23, 1832, p. 2573 ( PDF , English).
2. ↑ The commission, chaired by Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond, also included Henry Gray, Viscount Horwick , Henry Ellis, Robert William Hay and Frederick T. Elliot as secretaries of the commission. See London Gazette . No. 18817, HMSO, London, June 24, 1831, p. 1255 ( PDF , English).
3. ↑ Other Lords of the Treasury as members of the commission were temporarily Edward Adolphus Seymour, Lord Seymour (1839), Robert Steuart (1839 to 1840), John Parker (1839 to 1840), Thomas Wyse (1839 to 1841), Henry Tufnell (1839 to 1841), Edward Horsman (1840 to 1841) and William Cowper-Temple (1841). See London Gazette . No. 19765, HMSO, London, August 30, 1839, p. 1680 ( PDF , English). London Gazette . No. 19786, HMSO, London, November 5, 1839, p. 2082 ( PDF , English) .; London Gazette . No. 19859, HMSO, London, May 26, 1840, p. 1269 ( PDF , English). London Gazette . No. 19993, HMSO, London, June 25, 1841, p. 1650 ( PDF , English).
4. ↑ London Gazette . No. 13526, HMSO, London, May 7, 1793, p. 380 ( PDF , English).
5. ↑ Further members of the commission were at times Rear Admiral James Whitley Deans Dundas (First Sea Lord, 1847 to 1850), Rear Admiral Maurice Frederick Fitz-Hardinge Berkeley (Second Sea Lord, 1847 to 1852, First Sea Lord, February to March 1852), Rear Admiral Houston Stewart (Third Sea Lord, 1850 to 1852, Second Sea Lord, February to March 1852), Sea Captain Lord John Hay (Third Sea Lord, 1847 to 1850), Rear Admiral James Stirling (Third Sea Lord, 1852), Sea Captain Andrew Milne (Fourth Sea Lord, 1847 to 1852 ), William Cowper-Temple (Civil Lord of the Admiralty, 1846-1852). In: London Gazette . No. 20936, HMSO, London, January 16, 1849, p. 136 ( PDF , accessed July 17, 2016, English)., London Gazette . No. 21064, HMSO, London, February 1, 1850, p. 278 ( PDF , accessed July 17, 2016, English)., London Gazette . No. 21290, HMSO, London, February 13, 1852, p. 407 ( PDF , accessed July 17, 2016, English).
6. ↑ London Gazette . No. 23050, HMSO, London, December 19, 1865, p. 6736 ( PDF , accessed July 17, 2016, English).

predecessor	Office	successor
Thomas Baring	Baronet, of London 1848–1866	Thomas Baring
New title created	Baron Northbrook 1866	Thomas George Baring
Thomas Spring Rice	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1839–1841	Henry Goulburn
George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland	First Lord of the Admiralty 1849-1852	Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland