George Hayter
Sir George Hayter (born December 17, 1792 in London , † January 18, 1871 there ) was an English painter .
Early years and education
George Hayter was the son of Charles Hayter (1761-1835), a miniature painter . He was a well-known teacher of perspective painting and in 1813 published a widely acclaimed introduction to perspective drawing and other drawing techniques. He dedicated the book to his student, the heir to the throne Charlotte Augusta of Wales .
George Hayter initially received lessons from his father, but changed from 1808 to the Royal Academy of Arts . That same year, however, there was a falling out over his art studies, and he was hired by the Royal Navy . His father triggered it again, and father and son agreed that Hayter should work for his father and continue studying on the side. In 1809 he secretly married his father's tenant, Sarah Milton; he was 15 or 16, she was 28. The marriage was not announced until three years later; the couple had three children. In 1816 Sarah Hayter separated from her husband, and later Hayer lived with Louisa Cauty, with whom he had two children.
Hayter studied with Johann Heinrich Füssli at the Royal Academy Schools . In 1815 he was appointed painter of miniatures and portraits by Princess Charlotte. He received an award from the British Institution for a historical painting of the prophet Ezra, which was purchased by Richard Payne Knight .
On the advice of his patron John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford , Hayter traveled to Italy in 1816. There he met Antonio Canova , whose portrait he painted while he visited the studio and learned his classical style. It is believed that he was also trained in sculpture by Canova . Canova was a lifetime principal of the Accademia di San Luca in Rome . He was probably the one who pushed for Hayter to be made an honorary member of the academy, making Hayter the youngest ever academician. The reason for this honor was Hayter's painting The Tribute Money , which was enthusiastically received in Rome.
Historical portraits
After returning to London, George Hayter worked as a painter of oil portraits and historical paintings. The English eccentric William Beckford named it The Phoenix . Hayter irritated his painting colleagues with a pompous lifestyle and an impartial approach to many aristocrats. His unregulated domestic affairs - he lived apart from his wife with a lover - also contributed to the fact that he was never elected to the Royal Academy .
In the 1820s, George Hayter was particularly productive and inventive. In 1820 George Agar-Ellis commissioned him to depict the trial of Queen Caroline , in a format of 2.33 by 2.66 meters. It was his first and at the same time most successful contemporary work of a historical event and revealed his preference for dramatic effects. In his picture of the trial of William, Lord Russell , which took place in Old Bailey in 1683 , Hayter paid tribute to an ancestor of John Russell. He is considered to be the teacher of the painter Henry Collen , a pioneer of photography, who also became the godfather of his son Angelo Collen Hayter, like George Hayter the godfather of Collen's son Edwin Henry Hayter Collen.
Return to the continent
In 1826 Hayter settled again in Italy. In Florence he completed his painting The Banditti of Kurdistan Assisting Georgians in Carrying off Circassian Women for John Proby, 1st Earl of Carysfort , which was exhibited at the British Institution in 1829 . It proves Hayter's inclusion of the style and exotic subjects of contemporary French romantic painting.
In 1827, his lover Louisa Cauty died after poisoning herself with arsenic . It was likely a failed cry for help attempt, but it was widely believed that Hayter drove his lover to suicide. Because of this scandal he had to move from Florence to Rome. In 1828 he went to Pairs , where he painted portraits of English people from society, the style of which was based on the then current French portrait painters such as François Gérard .
Royal patroness
In 1831 George Hayter returned to England. He had the grandiose plan of painting the first session of the British Parliament after the Reform Act 1832 . For the painting Moving the Address to the Crown on the Opening of the First Reformed Parliament in the Old House of Commons, February 5, 1833 , he carried out around 400 portrait studies in oil. Hayter supported the reform movement and had not received a commission for this work, but painted from his own conviction. It took around ten years to complete. It is one of the last pictures to show the interior of the House of Commons before it was destroyed by fire in 1834. 20 years later the painting was acquired by the British government.
In 1832, Hayter painted the young Princess Victoria, and when she became Queen, she chose him as her Portrait and Historical Painter . When he was appointed Principal Painter in the Queen's Ordinary in 1841 after the death of David Wilkie , it caused anger at the Royal Academy , as this post was traditionally assigned to the President of the Academy - at that time Martin Archer Shee . 1842 Hayter was a Knight Bachelor for beaten knight . He painted several royal ceremonies, including the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1837, her wedding in 1840, and the baptism of the Prince of Wales in 1843 . He also made several portraits of the Queen, including the well-known state portrait of the newly crowned Queen. Several versions of this picture were made with the assistance of Hayter's son Angelo to be sent as gifts. However, with the growing influence of Victoria's husband Albert von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha , Hayter's commitment to the court ended, as Albert preferred German painters such as Franz Xaver Winterhalter .
Some notable examples of Hayter's work from this period remained in the Royal Collection ; the state portrait and the painting of the wedding are on public display at Buckingham Palace today. Several versions of the state portrait are in the National Portrait Gallery and a smaller copy in Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh .
Late years
From the mid-1840s, Hayter's portrait style was considered old-fashioned. He tried his way of historical painting to approximate the more realistic taste of the early Victorian era. He also painted several large paintings on religious subjects such as Bishop Latimer Preaching at Paul's Cross and The Martyrdom of Bishops Ridley and Latimer , both donated to the Princeton University Art Museum in 1984 . He also made landscape watercolors, many of them with Italian motifs, copperplate engravings, decorative designs and sculptures. The objects from his studio were auctioned at Christie's three months after his death in April 1871 .
family
George Hayter's younger brother, John (1800–1895), was also a painter, and his sister Anne worked as a miniature painter. The British painter and graphic artist Stanley William Hayter is said to have been a descendant of George or John. However, it has been proven that the French painter Jean René Bazaine was a great-great-grandson of George Hayter; he was descended from Hayter's eldest daughter Georgina Elizabet, who had married Pierre-Dominique (Adolphe) Bazaine , brother of the French Marshal François-Achille Bazaine and son of the military engineer Pierre-Dominique Bazaine .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d Barbara Coffey Bryant: "Hayter, Sir George (1792–1871)". In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press, 2004
- ↑ Henry Collen on npg.org.uk
- ↑ "Innovation in printmaking: Obituary of Mr SW Hayter." The Times , May 7, 1988
- ^ Jean Bazaine: Couleurs et Mots : le cherche midi éditeur, 1997
literature
- R. Ormond: Early Victorian Portraits . 2 volumes. London 1973
- Drawings by Sir George and John Hayter . Edited by B. Coffey [Bryant]. Morton Morris. London 1982
- R. Walker: Regency Portraits . 2 volumes. London. Catalog of the National Portrait Gallery London 1986
- O. Millar: The Victorian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen . 2 volumes. Cambridge 1992
- B. Bryant: Sir George Hayter's Drawings at Duncombe Park: Family Ties and a "Melancholy Event," Apollo 1992. pp. 240-250
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hayter, George |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hayter, Sir George |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 17, 1792 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 18, 1871 |
| Place of death | London |