Stanley William Hayter

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Stanley William Hayter (born December 27, 1901 in London , † May 4, 1988 in Paris ) was a British painter , etcher and printmaker . He founded Atelier 17 in Paris.

Life

Hayter studied geology and chemistry at King's College London from 1917 to 1922 . From 1922 to 1925 he worked for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. as a researcher in Abadan , Persia . During this time he drew almost 150 portraits of employees of this company. His paintings mostly showed landscapes, rivers, ships and the oil production facilities. His scientific training is fundamental to his growing interest in the technical side of printmaking. In 1925, Hayter fell ill with malaria and returned to England. An exhibition of his paintings took place at the headquarters of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. - almost all of the works were sold. This encouraged Hayter to make painting his profession.

In 1926 he went to Paris and began studying art at the Académie Julian . There he learned printing techniques, especially copperplate engraving from Joseph Hecht . With him he worked on a new informal and decorative aesthetic. However, his abstract prints and woodcuts met with incomprehension in his time.

Alice Carr de Creeft (the wife of the sculptor Jose de Creeft ) was fascinated by his work and pressed him to offer courses. Hecht helped him find a printing press and so in 1927 - near Alberto Giacometti's studio - Hayter founded an art school for experimental printmaking, which moved to No 17, Rue Campagne-Premiere in 1933 (near the artists' quarter of Montparnasse ) and from then on internationally became known as Atelier 17 .

From 1929 on he worked with Yves Tanguy , André Masson and other surrealists . Hayter's works have been shown at numerous surrealist exhibitions. After Paul Éluard was excluded from the surrealist group, he too left the group. Hayter viewed experimental printmaking as an independent, distinct art form. His students included u. a. Roger Vieillard and Pierre Alechinsky . Hayter's experiments on printing techniques at Atelier 17 influenced the work of Joan Miró , Hans Arp , Yves Tanguy, Alberto Giacometti , Max Ernst , Julian Trevelyan and Gabor Peterdi . He was in regular contact with Pablo Picasso from 1934 to 1939, exchanging prints with him and giving him technical assistance. Like Picasso, he was appalled by the horrors of the war in Spain. In 1936 Hayter's etching Combat was created , which is compared to Picasso's Guernica (1937). Anaïs Nin reports that Hayter - although this was forbidden in France in prison terms - hid Spanish refugees in his studio and cooked them "gallons of soup" for them.

At the beginning of the Second World War , in 1939, he returned to England as an English reservist and worked with Roland Penrose , Julian Trevelyan and others to set up a camouflage unit. In 1940 he emigrated to New York City. He taught the ideas of Atelier 17 in his studio in Greenwich Village. In New York he worked with Jackson Pollock , Willem de Kooning , Mark Rothko , William Baziotes and David Smith . There he also had contact with the emigrated artists Max Ernst, Amédée Ozenfant , André Breton , Fernand Léger , Berenice Abbott , Jimmy Ernst , Peggy Guggenheim , John Ferren , Marcel Duchamp and Piet Mondrian .

In 1949 his book New Ways of Gravure was published .

In 1950 he returned to Paris and taught again at Atelier 17. He dealt mainly with color printing and invented new gravure printing techniques with which reproducible color prints could be made from a single plate. The techniques are based on different viscosities of paints, different hardnesses of the inking rollers and different depths of etched color levels.

In 1959 he was a participant in the documenta II in Kassel. In 1962 his art theory / practical book About Prints was published . In 1966 New Ways of Gravure appeared in a revised and expanded version. Both books had a decisive influence on the development of artistic printmaking in Europe and America. In 1978 he was accepted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

In 1988 after Hayter's death, Atelier 17 was renamed "Atelier Contrepoint".

Works (selection)

  • 1930: Paysages urbains
  • 1931: L'apocalypse
  • 1934: Oedipus
  • 1936: Combat

Literary works

  • Hayter, Stanley William: New Ways of Gravure, London, Oxford University Press, 1966.
  • Hayter, Stanley William: About Prints, Oxford University Press, London, 1962.

literature

  • Peter Black and Desiree Moorhead: The Prints of Stanley William Hayter , Phaidon Press, ISBN 0-7148-8078-7 .
  • Joann Moser: Atelier 17: A 50th Anniversary Retrospective Exhibition , Elvehjem Art Center, 1977, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Library of Congress catalog card number 77-88792.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Combat , website of the Museum of Modern Art , accessed April 28, 2016
  2. ↑ http://www.ateliercontrepoint.com/a172.html Atelier Contrepoint - biography
personal data
SURNAME Hayter, Stanley William
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British painter and printmaker
DATE OF BIRTH December 27, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH London
DATE OF DEATH May 4, 1988
Place of death Paris