Frankfurt-Rebstock
The Rebstock site is an area in Frankfurt am Main in the Bockenheim district . The 100 hectare site, formerly one of the first airports in Germany, is today characterized by the Volkspark am Rebstock , which opened in 1962, and the adventure pool opened in 1982 . The construction of a new residential area on the eastern edge, which also uses the name Rebstockpark , has created living space for around 4,500 people since 2002. The Rebstockpark now also attracts companies from various industries.
location
The Rebstock site is on the southwest border of Bockenheim between Rödelheim in the north and the Gallus in the south. In the west it borders on Griesheim and Nied and in the east on the Kuhwaldsiedlung . The shape of the site is determined by the wide curve of the embankment of the Homburg Railway , which is directly adjacent to the Am Römerhof street . There is a junction of the federal motorway 648 and a demand exit of the federal motorway 5 , which is open during trade fair events.
history
The Rebstock site takes its name from a Frankfurt patrician family , who owned Hof Rebstock am Markt right next to the Imperial Cathedral of St. Bartholomew and Hofgut Rebstock, west of the city. It was first mentioned in a document in 1300. Since the middle of the 14th century , the estate was owned by the St. Katharinen- und Weißfrauenstift founded in 1353 .
The first Frankfurt Airport 1912–1936
On the occasion of the International Airship Exhibition (ILA) Frankfurt 1909 , Graf Zeppelin landed there on July 31, 1909 with his airship LZ 5 (tactical numbering: Z II); Tens of thousands cheered him back then.
In 1910 the area was leased from the city of Frankfurt. In 1912, Deutsche Luftschiffahrts AG opened the airship port on Rebstock . This initially served as an airship port, where the Zeppelin LZ 11 “Viktoria Luise” was stationed, for example , and later also as an airfield for fixed-wing aircraft.
The Rebstock site became the home of aviation pioneers such as Käthchen Paulus , August Euler and Max Pruss , after whom streets in the “Rebstockpark” residential area were named and thus recall the past of this area.
In the Bockenheim district near the intersection Am Dammgraben / Müllerstraße (in today's Kuhwaldsiedlung ) a zeppelin stone made of shell limestone reminds of the first landing of the airship LZ 5 / Z II on July 31, 1909 at 3:30 p.m. It was inaugurated on November 10, 1929.
After the First World War , a scheduled air service began in 1924 from Frankfurt-Rebstock Airport . In 1925, 2,357 aircraft took off and landed; a total of around 5,500 passengers were carried. In January 1926, Deutsche Luft Hansa AG was founded, and Frankfurt am Main, along with Berlin, became the most important location in Germany for the new transport system by air.
Fritz von Opel took off on September 30, 1929 in the Opel-Sander RAK.1 rocket aircraft on a highly regarded flight.
The airport reached its spatial limits on the Rebstock site and could not be expanded. That is why the new Frankfurt am Main Airport was built in the Frankfurt city forest south of Frankfurt-Schwanheim in 1936 .
From July 28th to 30th, 1939 the 2nd international air race and the German championship in skill flight as well as a major flight day of the NS-Fliegerkorps Gruppe 11 Hessen-Westmark took place at the airfield Frankfurt-Rebstock.
Rebstock Airport was used as a military airfield until 1945 .
The Rebstockpark
The new Frankfurt Airport was opened in 1936 and replaced the civilian function of the air port on the Rebstock site. A large wasteland remained after 1945, which was finally used from 1958 to 1962 to set up a public park. The 28 hectare Rebstockpark , located in the west of the area , also received an approximately three hectare pond . In 1982 the Rebstockbad , an adventure pool, was opened on the eastern edge of the park . The field railways of the Frankfurt Feldbahnmuseum have been running through Rebstockpark on a 1.3-kilometer route since 1986 .
Due to its proximity to the exhibition grounds, the eastern, less forested Rebstockpark was used as a huge exhibition space for a long time, ie it was rather used for purposes other than intended. To improve the parking infrastructure, Messe Frankfurt built a seven-storey car park for 5,400 vehicles in the southeastern part of the site in 2000. The construction of a second, even larger car park is under discussion.
To the west of the park runs the Rebstock curve of the railway on which the Taunusbahn trains extended to Frankfurt Hbf run.
Pond in the Rebstockpark
The Rebstockweiher is the center of the Rebstock Park and is an artificially created, calm body of water without surface influx. It is fed exclusively from groundwater. Its water area is 3.1 hectares (31,550 m²), which corresponds approximately to the size of four football fields (for comparison: the Ostparkweiher is somewhat larger with its 4.2 hectares). Its maximum depth is about 3.5 meters with numerous, very cold groundwater flows. Therefore, the strict bathing ban is explained with the reference to danger to life.
The hygienic and biological quality of the Rebstock pond has been between moderately to critically polluted for the last five years. There has been a tendency towards a slight deterioration in biological quality over the past 20 years. Salmonella has been detected twice so far. Therefore school sports fields and public parks are not irrigated with this water. If one assumes that every bather swallows approx. 50 ml of the bathing water surrounding him, bathing is also prohibited for this reason.
The Rebstockweiher is also not allowed to be entered with boats, but is only used as a fishing water and landscape element. In addition to the fish stock, it also has a significant stock of water birds. The pond is also often used by model builders who present their boats here.
The pond was built between 1958 and 1962 as part of the Rebstock park. The excavated material from the former gravel pit was used in road construction in the vicinity. The sale of over 100,000 cubic meters of sand and gravel was used to co-finance the green area through the city's gardening department. In 1982 the Rebstockbad with indoor swimming pool and outdoor pool was opened on the site .
A new neighborhood
Preliminary planning
On the eastern edge of Rebstockpark, a new city district has been built since 2002 based on a design by Peter Eisenman , which is to provide apartments in multi-storey blocks for 4,500 people and jobs for 5,500 people. In 1990, Eisenman presented the urban development framework plan for the 27-hectare district, according to which road grids, building plots, property areas, a new central 7.5-hectare park, the Neue Rebstockpark and the other traffic routes should be based. Multiple broken escape lines dominate, which Eisenman understands as “folding” according to the principle of mathematical catastrophe theory . The principle is intended to ensure that people are not bored with the monotony of the repetitive, strictly rectangular visual axes and structures. In the competition that followed , Eisenman won first prize. The construction of 280,000 square meters of commercial space and 200,000 square meters of residential space is planned.
As part of Frankfurt's application for the 2012 Olympic Games , the Rebstock site was proposed as a location for numerous venues. But Frankfurt could not prevail in the national preliminary decision.
implementation
In 1992 the Albert Speer Juniors office was commissioned to implement the planning draft. The ready-to-build master plan adheres to the design ideas and is about to be completed in 2010.
Rebstock tram
After various delays, a new tram line was laid in 2003 to provide public transport links to the neighboring City-West to the north and the newly emerging Rebstockpark district . Line 17 in the Rebstock area leads from the Katharinenkreisel (formerly: Opelkreisel) over the newly built, central Leonardo-Da-Vinci-Allee . In the course of the development of traffic for the new neighboring Europaviertel , the construction of a subway was planned, which, however, would end at the Römerhof car park, which was unfavorable for Rebstock residents . The branch behind the Festhalle / Messe underground station was therefore already built as a precaution, but the execution was rejected due to the long construction time and the high investments required .
Problems
Before this city district could be built for an estimated 1.5 billion euros, a significant hurdle had to be overcome: Directly in the building area under the former exhibition car park, in an old gravel pit, there was a household waste dump operated by the city of Frankfurt in the 1950s with a waste volume of around 120,000 m³. This contaminated site was completely disposed of in 2000/2001 before the construction of the new access roads could begin.
Furthermore, the remains of the research reactor FRF-1 operated from 1958 to 1968 at the Institute for Nuclear Physics at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt had to be disposed of. The weakly radiating remains of the nuclear research reactor were completely dismantled in 2005 and 2006. In October 2006, this area was also released for unrestricted further use.
Construction progress
As part of the conversion of the areas, a large number of predominantly compact buildings have already been erected, especially in the residential sector, and quickly marketed by housing developers. Around 4,000 people lived here at the end of 2014; further residential buildings, including a large complex for senior living in all categories, have been built; the remaining areas in the residential section are under construction. The first daycare center has been in operation since 2007. Construction of a four-tier elementary school with a two-field sports hall and all-day care began in spring 2012 and was opened in autumn 2014. In the northern part of the Rebstockpark site, which is intended for mainly commercial use and the construction of a district square (Lindberghplatz), there is currently an IBIS hotel Chain and an office building for the Unfallkasse Hessen ; Another hotel in the Welcome chain was moved into in January 2011. The residents who moved in since 2006 complain about the slow construction of the promised infrastructure: the quarter now only has one restaurant, a food market was only opened in March 2016. School provision was tackled far too late, and several primary school cohorts had to attend school in neighboring districts.
Römerhof
To the south of the Rebstockpark on the Am Römerhof road , a 29-hectare new building area for around 2000 apartments was decided in 2018, with the first construction phase north of the Hellerhof estate on the VGF bus depot, which is being relocated. An urban planning draft was worked out: In the tradition of the Frankfurt Nordend with Wilhelminian-style dense block perimeter development , according to the urban planner Christoph Mäckler , residential and inner courtyards with trees are to help remedy the shortage of living space, and architectural competitions for the individual buildings are to follow. Commercial courtyards, a supermarket and retail trade are to replace or supplement the existing partly commercial use. With an extension of the U5 via the Europaviertel (under construction) with two more stations, the city district is to be developed - one on a tree-lined connection with a square character between Schmidtstrasse coming from the south and Rebstockpark in the north of the area, the second stop at one of them building school campus with elementary school and 6-class high school further to the west, adjacent to the field railway museum , which is to remain.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ [1]
- ^ Zeppelin memorial stone . Town Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
- ^ Christof Vieweg: The world's first manned rocket flight. German pioneering achievement. Welt Online, September 29, 2009, accessed September 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Data and facts
- ↑ Am Römerhof - project description , City Planning Office Frankfurt, after resolution on December 18, 2018, accessed on August 2, 2020.
- ^ A second north end at the Römerhof , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , June 19, 2020.
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 38.4 " N , 8 ° 36 ′ 50.2" E