Hof Rebstock at the market
The court Rebstock on the market was a historic Patrizierhof the core of the old town of Frankfurt . The name addition on the market refers to its location on the eastern market and serves to distinguish it from the former estate of the same name in today's Frankfurt-Rebstock district . Behind the house at Markt 8 was the southern main entrance to the rectangular inner courtyard, around which seven houses belonging to it were grouped. Through the northern courtyard gate, the facility merged into the Kruggasse leading to Schnurgasse . It was hidden to the east and west by the dense old town between Borngasse and the Hühnermarkt and Neugasse .
In addition to the nearby Nürnberger Hof , the facility was one of the largest exhibition centers in the city in the Middle Ages and early modern times, with a history that was documented for over 700 years. In the 19th century it gained national fame because it was there in 1816 that the famous Frankfurt dialect poet and writer Friedrich Stoltze was born. With some of its buildings, the courtyard was also an excellent and rare example of late baroque architecture that was adorned with ornamentation .
1904–1906 the construction of Braubach and Domstrasse not only destroyed a large part of the complex, but also opened it to the north and east to the new road openings. The gap in the east was closed with the main customs office in 1927 , in the north it remained unsolved.
Other remains of the courtyard were destroyed by the air raids on Frankfurt am Main during World War II . A modern, historical ground floor of a house that was formerly part of the courtyard only had to give way for the construction of the Technical Town Hall at the end of the 1960s . After the city council decided in 2007 to reconstruct parts of the old town between the cathedral and the Römer as part of the Dom-Römer project , two buildings of the vine were reconstructed as true-to-original replicas from 2013 to 2017. The replica is used by the St. Katharinen- und Weißfrauenstift .
history
etymology
The historical origin of the name of the farm complex is obscure. The earliest written documents already speak of the "Rebstock" , which is comparatively rare, as houses and courtyards in Frankfurt's old town have mostly changed their names several times over the centuries. The names that have been handed down or written down to this day tend to come from the 18th and 19th centuries. Furthermore, according to the older literature, which does not provide any evidence for this, the first verifiable owners already led their name after the farm and not the other way around (see history ), so that a derivation under this aspect is out of the question.
The only clue is the so-called winegrowers' monument that is still preserved today as a spoil of the complex . It is a stone sculpture described and classified in more detail in the architectural part (see architecture ), which with a little imagination shows, among other things, a man climbing a large vine .
Carl Theodor Reiffenstein counted the illustration in an essay in 1860 as one of the " Landmarks of Frankfurt am Main" and interpreted:
“It was usually given for a monk hugging a nun through a grate; But this is not the case; [...] According to the legend, at the place of the present courtyard to the vine there was supposed to have been a garden in which a vine grew to such strength that a man could not climb it, which probably also gave the place the name to the vine. "
The truthfulness of the story, which has been passed down by the vernacular , can hardly be checked, especially since it was apparently not widely used and is not repeated in any Frankfurt legends or historical works. Regarding its character, Reiffenstein's declaration already points to romantic attempts at interpretation of the early 19th century around the medieval iconography of the stone monument, which was already in use at that time, which was probably torn from a larger context . Nevertheless, it was still widely used in 1940 to make a stone sculpture during the renovation of one of the remaining houses in the courtyard, which is clearly based on the medieval model and is preserved in the city's historical museum .
Topographical classification and history
Although the cathedral hill - and thus the later area of the Rebstock farm - had been populated several times over long periods of time since prehistoric times due to its relative flood safety, the beginnings of a city only established after the Salvatorstift was founded by Ludwig the Pious in 852 Along with the market and the Saalgasse , the east-west axes of the cathedral - Roman area, which were decisive for the high medieval development , developed.
( chromolithography by Friedrich August Ravenstein from 1862 with overlay according to Nahrgang 1949)
The area of the courtyard area, which extends from the market, met the Braubach , a tributary of the Main that silted up in the first Christian millennium and which roughly followed the course of today's street of the same name in the old town area . The city's first city wall in front of it , which, according to the current state of research, was built around the year 1000 at the time of the Ottonian rulers, it served as a natural moat in front of it.
In the urban area between Fahrgasse and Neuer Kräme in particular , the former course of the oldest fortifications could be read in a striking east-west sequence of parcel boundaries until the old town was destroyed. The ditch directly behind it, the Braubach, which was first canalized and then piped in the Middle Ages, showed itself in a significant drop in terrain, which was particularly evident in cross streets of the area such as Kruggasse , but also inner courtyards of courtyards such as the Nürnberger Hof .
In 1859, Carl Theodor Reiffenstein found in the garden of the house Im Rebstock 4 the remains of Frankfurt's first city wall just sticking out of the ground . When the house at Im Rebstock 6 was demolished in 1904, it turned out that its northern cellar wall consisted of second-hand Roman building material - as did large parts of the early medieval city wall.
The existing documents show that the court was already a household name at the beginning of the 14th century. A terminus post quem emerges from the archaeological findings : only a downstream fortification could have made the older city wall so insignificant that it was used as a foundation for buildings. This was undoubtedly the so-called Staufen wall , the construction of which is now scheduled around the year 1200.
Accordingly, the Rebstock farm on the market, to which the earliest sources refer, was built at the earliest, but certainly during the course of the 13th century. This development is supported by the first documented mention of the market as a street in 1238, as well as economically significant institutions located there (for example the Alter Burggraf houses in 1247 or the Alte Münze in 1274) just a few years later. Like the Hainer Hof , the Köpplerhöfchen , the Goldene Lämmchen and the Nürnberger Hof , the Rebstock am Markt farm belongs to the ranks of the oldest facilities that were still located within the first ring of fortifications in the city or were attached to it from the inside.
It should also be taken into account that the proven older building fabric came from a northern courtyard building, which tended to be built after a house front had emerged on the later market. The connection with these first courtyard buildings , which are completely unknown in terms of shape and size , can no longer be clarified by late Romanesque architectural fragments that were found during construction work on the courtyard. The stylistic transition from Romanesque to Gothic took place in Frankfurt am Main around 1240. The finds can therefore only serve as an indication of an early general type of building activity on the area.
Property of the city patriciate and ancestral seat of the Lersner family
A Hertwig zum Rebstock as the first owner of the farm is documented at the beginning of the 14th century . He came from a patrician family who took their name after the court and gave it to the country estate of the same name, which they also own, outside the city gates. In 1279 he was first mentioned as a witness in a document under the name "Hertwinus dictus de Rebenstoc" and was thus born around 1260.
(lithograph)
Another document from 1303 names him councilor , one from 1310 aldermen , which, despite the lack of any genealogical information, suggests an important man in the city regiment, which was then just being formed. He had chosen his home, perhaps built by himself or an ancestor, because it was only a few steps from the old town hall, first mentioned in 1288, on the site of today's west tower of the cathedral . Hertwig died - at a very old age for his time - probably in the spring of 1318, as his wife Adelheid was already referred to as a widow in May of this year, but he and her were looking for an eternal light for the house chapel of the courtyard the previous year had tried.
With Hertwig, his sex in the male line also died out, and his widespread property was passed on to other Frankfurt patrician families while the last female vine, Katherine , was still alive . However, since she was married twice, this led to desires. The jury had to arbitrate with a judgment dated October 31, 1342. The country estate in front of the city therefore went to the brother of the second man, Wicker Frosch . The court at the market could Hertwig White of Limpurg and his wife Else retain that already inhabited him, according to the verdict. It can no longer be clarified whether they had previously transferred it into their possession or property through family connections or purchase. Irrespective of this, they also called themselves soon after the farm, as "Hertwig Weiß zum Rebstocke" was already mentioned in 1346 .
The plant remained with the family for over a century, whose ancestor Werner Weiß zum Rebstock was in the middle of the 15th century . From his marriage to Konne von Breidenbach there was apparently only one daughter who reached adulthood, Katharina . After the death of her father in 1453, she married Engel Frosch in 1454 , a descendant of Wicker Frosch, so that the vine passed into this family. His second daughter Elisabeth brought him into the family of Georg von Hell , known as Pfeffer , through marriage in 1474 , although it remains unclear whether her husband, who held the high office of Elector Mainz Chancellor , only came over the after the death of her father-in-law in 1484 Facility.
The new landlord must have died in 1503 at the latest, as his wife is documented as a widow in that year, she herself died between 1524 and 1526. In 1537, the heir of Georg von Hell, Justinian von Holzhausen , and the heirs of Bernhard von Hell je half the owners. When Elisabeth von Hell married Ulrich Rauscher in 1543 , he brought the other half of Justinian von Holzhausen into his family, presumably through acquisition. The town historian and topographer Johann Georg Battonn claims to have seen her marriage coat of arms above the archway to Kruggasse at the end of the 18th century , which was torn down only a little later. It can no longer be determined whether the heavily damaged coat of arms above the archway on Neugasse , which was preserved until 1944, once showed the same coat of arms.
In 1581 Ulrich Rauscher's son-in-law, Vice Chancellor Hermann Lersner , acquired one half from his brother-in-law Justus Jonas Rauscher for 2,600 guilders , after he had already transferred the other half into his property by marriage in 1566. As a result, the Rebstock farm finally became the ancestral home of the von Lersner family , who not only provided the town's mayor in many cases, but also from which the first town historian, Achilles Augustus von Lersner , emerged in the 18th century .
Inheritance and transfer to private ownership
In 1627 the children of Hermann formed an inheritance to manage the individual courtyard buildings. The inheritance regulations passed and handed down on May 16 this year contain interesting details. First of all, the Ganerbe were asked to make inventories of all the "Fahrnuss" belonging to the vine - that is, of all objects and any accesses - as well as of all documents about dwellings on the farm. These were placed in a box with three locks, for which the ganerbe resident in Frankfurt received two keys and the agent for the absent ganerbe received one key.
A testimony to the importance of the court as a trade fair district, even at the time when trade fairs no longer flourished as they did in the time before the Thirty Years' War , is the regulation to put 50 guilders in the box at every mass , of which the administrator should make the necessary repairs. The use was evidently so intensive that 100 guilders per year - resulting from the two Frankfurt trade fairs - was not enough and at the same time a cost subsidy was agreed. In addition to instructions on how to treat property carefully, the order concludes with thoroughly capitalist considerations to convert more courtyard buildings into living space in order to increase income and to renovate or rebuild old buildings.
The bird's eye view by Matthäus Merian the Elder shows the appearance of the complex at the time of the inheritance . Ä. from 1628 an excellent picture. After the inheritance was dissolved in the early 18th century, the houses were passed on to individual private owners who continued to jointly maintain the passages, courtyard gates and the courtyard fountain. Some of the people involved must have been wealthy, since in this last heyday of the court, especially around the middle of the 18th century, remarkable late Baroque buildings were built again for Frankfurt standards .
Another indication of the community spirit of the residents, which still existed despite the division, was the fountain in the inner courtyard, which was built in 1778 and decorated with a vine with grapes, with the inscription:
“Fountain peculiar to the owners of the Rebstockshof. 1778. "
One of the later private owners was the innkeeper Friedrich Christian Stoltze (1783-1833), a native of Hörle . He came to the city in 1800 and acquired Frankfurt citizenship in 1808 through the marriage of the daughter of a citizen Anna Maria Rottmann (1789–1869) . After having worked for several years in his father-in-law's inn in Mausgasse , which adjoins the Rebstock , he acquired the house at Im Rebstock 4 in 1813 .
There was evidence of an inn in the courtyard that could not be identified in more detail as early as 1632 under the name Zum Rebstock , the Stoltzes' house, after the litera designation of the old quarter numbering L87a , at least certainly since 1730 as an inn. In 1816, the famous Frankfurt dialect poet Friedrich Stoltze saw the light of day as the seventh child of his parents.
In the pre-March period , that restaurant on the vine served as a political meeting place for various factions. Since the 1830s, it has been the linchpin of the Frankfurt Liberals , who, as well as politically dissenters, had established themselves there everywhere in the old town (e.g. in the Württemberger Hof ). After being expelled from Switzerland , it served temporarily exiled Poles of the Young Europe movement as a meeting place.
The further course of the 19th century represented an era of decline for the court. The imperial coronations , which no longer take place regularly after the end of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the loss of economic importance due to the loss of the once flourishing trade fair business, the later joining the Zollverein and the decline of the traditionally local handicrafts, left the entire old town center sunk into insignificance.
Old town streets such as the market or the Fahrgasse no longer served as central axes of economic and social life; instead, streets in the new town such as the Zeil or the Neue Mainzer Straße had already become the city's new boulevards in the course of the 18th century . With the creation of new residential quarters in the area of today's inner city as well as on the areas in front of the demolished early modern fortifications , the middle and upper classes finally migrated from the old town area, which degenerated into a poor quarter.
In order to still be able to earn some money with houses on the tiny parcels of the old town , the buildings that had existed for several hundred years were replaced by " tenement barracks " in many places , especially in the classicist era . In order to achieve as many residential units as possible, they were partly of a completely oversized, almost tower-like character and could be considered the first building sins of the old town. The Rebstock farm was not spared, although the new buildings erected in the first decade of the 19th century on the parcels of Markt 8 and the rear building Im Rebstock 2 were comparatively true-to-scale representatives of this new type of building.
The end of the court and history until the post-war period
In order to counteract the structural crisis in the old town , from the middle of the 19th century, urban areas began to break more and more streets in their area, based on the great Parisian example. It was believed that by means of the revitalization of traffic and the access of “light and air” to the sometimes very densely built-up quarters, a quasi-self-healing effect could be achieved, which - since the crisis was not based on this - was of course not the case.
In many cases, the problems were exacerbated by the demolition of old building districts, which destroyed - albeit poor quality - affordable housing, especially for simple jobs and low incomes, without creating any adequate replacement. As a result, there was an even greater concentration of living space in remote parts of the old town, especially after 1850, when the population increased almost sixfold within half a century.
The largest project of this kind took place between 1904 and 1906, when Braubachstrasse was driven roughly along the course of the former river through the old town area between Markt and Schnurgasse (the latter roughly along today's Berliner Strasse ). In the process, well over a hundred houses and several courtyards were destroyed, some of which went back to the high Middle Ages .
The course of the road as well as that of the Domstraße, which is broken through perpendicular to it, also cut through large parts of the Rebstock farm. Except for Markt 8 and Im Rebstock 1 and 3 , all other buildings, including the house where Friedrich Stoltze was born, had to give way. The former inner courtyard was opened at the intersection of Braubachstrasse and Domstrasse.
On the one hand, the house Im Rebstock 1 with its 18th century wooden galleries and the half-timbered house Im Rebstock 3, now Braubachstrasse 21 , also made a splendid impression on the newly created square on Domstrasse. On the other hand, the damage caused to urban development was still obvious for decades. Fried Lübbecke , art historian and chairman of the Association of Friends of the Old Town , who tried to renovate the old town, wrote in 1926:
“For many years the place where the half-torn vine lay as a desolate, dirty corner in the middle of the city, while the torn fire wall on the Doßmann house facing the cathedral gaped like a large wound. Finally in 1924 the city decided to plaster the wall […]. In 1925 a market was set up on the square that goes well with the beautiful Zum Rebstock house. "
The view from Braubachstrasse was evidence of the apparently difficult consequences of the road breakthrough for another 15 years. Up until 1940, there were fire walls in the former houses on Krug- and Neugasse , which also had to be stabilized by buttresses . It was not until the year mentioned that the view normalized through an adjustment to the facade or the new building at Braubachstrasse 23 in front of the fire walls. Previously, in 1927, the former courtyard was brought closer to its scale, at least in the east, through the establishment of the main customs office .
However, this condition lasted for barely four years when Allied air raids practically destroyed the entire old town of Frankfurt in March 1944 . The massive turn-of-the-century buildings on Braubachstrasse were among the few buildings that survived the firestorm sparked by fire bombs largely unscathed. Braubachstrasse 23 only lost its wooden roof. Since the bombardment was widespread, even the stone buildings could not prevent the major fire from destroying the adjoining old buildings to the south, so that the houses Im Rebstock 1 and Braubachstraße 21 burned down to their stone ground floors. Even the base of the building at Im Rebstock 1 was completely destroyed by the impact of the explosive bomb .
After the war, after a brief dispute about the direction, the remaining historic cellars and ground floors were largely cleared. Very isolated ruins of some buildings that were classified as important from the point of view of the time - such as the Stone House or the Canvas House - were left to exist for later reconstruction. The buildings on Braubachstrasse, which were only slightly damaged due to their construction, were almost all rebuilt, albeit simplified.
This is the only way to explain that the remaining ground floor of the house at Braubachstrasse 21, unlike the other similar remains of the old town, was not removed, but instead, in the simple style of the 1950s, was added to a residential building. As can be seen in the photos, a concrete ceiling that was probably drawn in over the ground floor as part of the renovation in 1940 had also protected it from burning out. When the city council decided to build the technical town hall on the site in 1969, the last historical remnant of the Rebstock farm had to give way in addition to four other houses on Braubachstrasse as part of the foundation work.
reconstruction
On 6 September 2007 decided the city council with the votes of the CDU , Alliance 90 / The Greens , FDP and the Free Voters voting against SPD and the Left Party , the redevelopment of the Cathedral - Romans - area ; a decision about the demolition of the technical town hall had already been made. For the new development, for the first time since the beginning of the reconstruction, "the historic floor plan of the district should be used as the basis of the planning as far as possible" .
In addition to the faithful reconstruction of at least six historic town houses and the design of the remaining 40 or so buildings in the area in accordance with a design statute that has been in place since the end of 2009 , the resolution contained the passage that the “reconstruction of the“ Großer Rebstock ”house is sought” , but at the same time as the Restriction, "if a sensible solution has been found for the underground car park entrance, compatibility with the house at the cathedral and the usability of the building can be guaranteed" . What was meant by this was not the former Großer Rebstock house on the market , but the courtyard building stretching north-south with the former address Im Rebstock 1 .
According to the documentation on the old town created on behalf of the city council in 2006, this building, now called Haus Rebstock , together with the Goldene Waage , the Red House and the Haus zum Esslinger belonged to the "buildings with urban collective memory value":
“House (1) 'Haus Rebstock' is one of the picturesque courtyards in the old town with its long, ornate double wooden galleries, like the Wanebachhöfchen. The large exhibition center , which was owned by well-known patricians ( Frosch , Weiss von Limpurg, Hell, von Holzhausen ), served in part as a hostel. Frankfurt's local poet Friedrich Stoltze was born in 1816 in the “Zum Rebstock” inn . The notorious demagogues of the pre-March period (exiled Poles) also resided here . "
A study carried out on behalf of the municipal authorities initially gave the reconstruction hardly any prospects, among other things because of the few existing planning documents and the narrow layout of the plot, which precludes residential use. In addition, once the historical ground level has been restored, the entrance to the Dom / Römer underground car park will be located exactly on the courtyard in front of the reconstructed building. However, other buildings planned for reconstruction, such as the former exhibition center Goldenes Lämmchen , had comparably narrow room layouts and the very narrow but all the deeper plots were a typical feature of Frankfurt's old town development anyway. In the course of his diploma thesis, the civil engineer Dominik Mangelmann had already provided evidence that a large-scale reconstruction of the area including the vine down to the level of individual beams is quite possible on the basis of the existing documents.
In December 2009, planning department head Edwin Schwarz finally announced that a reconstruction would be possible, contrary to the previously indicated tendency. The decisive factor was a new planning for the underground car park entrance, which could already run from the entrance to the Haus am Dom as a descending ramp and thus no longer affect the inner courtyard area of a reconstructed vine.
In March 2010 it was announced that the city of Frankfurt would reconstruct two buildings of the Rebstock am Markt courtyard: the Rebstock-Hof with the new address Braubachstrasse 15 and the neighboring building to the north, Braubachstrasse 21 . The Frankfurt office Jourdan & Müller was commissioned with both projects.
In November 2010 the architecture competition for the houses to be designed according to the statutes began. With Markt 8 (Großer Rebstock) there was also a parcel belonging to the former Rebstock farm on the market. The jury met on March 21st and 22nd, 2011 and announced the winners on March 23rd, 2011: 1st prize went to Jordi & Keller Architects from Berlin , and 2nd place went to Helmut Riemann Architekten GmbH from Lübeck .
The winning design clearly takes up the cubature of the historic predecessor building and, like this one, has four four- axis full floors with the ground floor. However, the conclusion is not traufständiges gable roof with dormer , but a gable permanent gable roof with large dormers . Since the Markt 8 building will in future form the eastern end of the row of streets, it also has an eastern facade - largely analogous to the south side. However, the ground floor is broken through by four large round arches, while on the south side, in contrast to the historical model, only two are planned. In the details, the round arch is also intended as a lintel for all windows, whereas this was originally only the case for the windows on the third floor. The Markt 8 building will in future serve as access to the Dom / Römer underground station .
The start of construction of the reconstructions was originally planned for the beginning of 2012. However, it was delayed because the restoration of the Dom / Römer underground car park was more complex than expected. After the building permit was granted in July 2014, the structural work began. First of all, the basement ceilings were closed from November 2014, after which construction work began. The construction work was largely completed by the end of 2017.
architecture
Problems of building history
An architectural description should first be preceded by the problems of a comprehensive treatise. There is only one monographic work from 1914 that describes the farm in its state in 1904. For earlier times one therefore has to rely exclusively on images on city maps - namely the siege plan of the city from 1552 that was created during the war of the princes and the so-called bird's eye view plan by Matthäus Merian the Elder. Ä. from 1628 - as well as supporting what architectural details can be found in the documentary material.
Scope of the system
( woodcut by Conrad Faber von Kreuznach )
A major problem in early building history is the long-unknown extent of what was understood by the Rebstock farm . Only documents indicate the existence in the Middle Ages . In 1396, the lay judge Heinrich Weiß zum Rebstock signed a contract with the widow of a neighbor. Since this regulated exactly how a house could be built in the inner courtyard of the Rebstock at the back of the Fürstenberg house on Domplatz (former address Domplatz 7 , demolished in 1904), the house or a predecessor of Im Rebstock 2 was indirectly attested for the first time .
The fact that the vine also used to consist of more than one house is already clear from the comparison of 1342 (cf. story ), since it referred to the “back and front” with reference to the courtyard .
In the 16th century, the role of the water source on the chicken market , then known as the Freythofsbrunnen, provides clearer indications for the quarter for the first time. The well rolls (which were largely burned in the Second World War ) contained entries about the houses that belonged to their catchment area in order to distribute the burden of their upkeep on the heads of the community. Around 1550, a "large vine" and a "small vine" appeared in the role of the aforementioned fountain .
On the so-called siege plan of 1552, one of the first graphic representations of the city area, one can clearly see an inner courtyard with far more individual buildings at the site of the complex. The entry can therefore be regarded as an indication that there was no connection between the Großer Rebstock , i.e. the buildings at Markt 8 and 6 with their court annexes, and the Kleiner Rebstock , the house at Markt 4 , which is also not mentioned anywhere in the literature .
Despite a much higher level of detail, the bird's eye view by Matthäus Merian the Elder is still unclear . Ä. from 1628 insofar as a large number of buildings can be recognized there - between nine and eleven, depending on the counting method. Johann Georg Battonn , who at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries provided a description of the farm based on documents for the first time, counted nine houses in the farm - two on the market square and seven courtyard buildings. This agrees with the fountain roll of 1727, which also counted nine houses, although ten are listed in the house directory of 1761.
In the year of the demolition, i.e. 1904, there were only eight buildings left in the courtyard. The house at Markt 6 , which Battonn added, had become independent in the course of the 19th century.
Multiple use of house names
The very “sparing” use of the house name, which, as already mentioned, is further differentiated in the entire documentary material as well as in the literature at most with the attribute big and small , makes an exact assignment of individual buildings much more difficult. The name of the house with the entrance to the market, market 8 , as large vine , which was also retained by the classicist new building from the early 19th century, is undisputed in the sense of no different mention in the literature .
The neighboring house, Markt 6 , had no house name according to the description by Johann Georg Battonn , despite its particularly old-fashioned appearance with the stepped gables , nor is it in the list of all Frankfurt house names by Carl Theodor Reiffenstein from 1860. In his description of the house, however, Walter Sage calls it the “Large Vine” - on what basis is unknown and can probably be classified as an error.
Also clearly identifiable by name is the house with the number 4, which was once adjoining Markt 6 to the east, which both Battonn and Reiffenstein refer to as Kleiner Rebstock , but was probably not related to the actual courtyard (see scope of the annex ) . Furthermore, according to Reiffenstein, at least the courtyard buildings Im Rebstock 1 , 4 and 6 were also referred to as "Rebstock".
Relative delimitation of the building eras
Contrary to the expansion of the complex, especially in older times, at least different building epochs can be separated from one another in their relative order. Neither the findings, the tradition nor the subsequent building history indicate that anything of the original structure of the 13th century documented in writing - apart from the probably still Romanesque cellars (see history ) - was left at the end of the Middle Ages .
In the 15th and 16th centuries, a largely new building in late Gothic forms was likely to have taken place. The house at Markt 6 (cf. the following description) tended to be in the early period of this phase and at the end of that era it should have been redesigned again in the form of a mature renaissance . Furthermore, albeit a little earlier, the house Im Rebstock 3 came from this period , the entrances to the courtyard, some of which are still covered with pointed arches - best preserved in the west on Neugasse - and the winegrowers monument , at that time as part of a portal or bay window architecture .
(detail from the bird's eye view plan , copper engraving by Matthäus Merian the Elder)
Also ideas of the turn of the Middle Ages to the early modern period originated an architecture in the inner courtyard, which only shows the image of the courtyard on the so-called bird's eye view by Matthäus Merian the Elder. Ä. from 1628 reproduces. The houses Im Rebstock 1 and 3 were therefore under one roof, from there to the house Im Rebstock 6 an estimated five meters long corridor ran. This was altan like open, with a gabled roof protected and was supported by a central column.
From the contract between the Ganerbe in 1627, which prompted rebuilding (see history ) to the middle of the 18th century, the complex was made Baroque . The main building at Im Rebstock 1 was completely rebuilt at the end of this era. It is possible that an existing stone ground floor, since an elongated building can already be recognized in the illustration from 1628, was only baroque or this had already happened earlier, especially since its early baroque forms did not match the late baroque upper structure.
The houses Im Rebstock 5 and 6 were also completely rebuilt in the Rococo era , while the other buildings were more or less heavily rebuilt. The bridge spanning the courtyard probably disappeared by 1700 at the latest, when the inheritance broke up and the buildings went to individual private individuals, which meant that a connection between several buildings was no longer desired. The winegrower's memorial, which was a spoil when it was demolished, was integrated into the new buildings.
The last, classicistic remodeling finally re-created the buildings at Markt 8 and Im Rebstock 2 . Market 8 in its previous state can only be seen on the map from 1628, where the only peculiarity appears to be the fact that it is drawn there as a house under two gables. The reason for this, as well as the construction time of this house, which included the passage between the market and the inner courtyard, can no longer be dealt with due to a lack of relevant sources. Thus, at the beginning of the 19th century, the facility had reached the state in which it disappeared after being demolished in 1904 and the air raids of 1944.
The following describes the best-documented condition of the complex in 1904, where it had been redesigned many times, but had not yet lost its basic form as a courtyard behind the market. At that time it consisted of the houses Im Rebstock 1–7 and the house Markt 8. Markt 6 is treated separately, regardless of the affiliation, as it undoubtedly represented the oldest existing building in the complex.
Building description
The buildings of the courtyard extended over an approximately upright rectangular area, which was about 78 meters at the longest point (distance between the north border in Rebstock 6 and 7 and south border in Markt 8 ) and at its widest point (distance between the east border in Rebstock 2 and the west border in Rebstock 1 ) measured around 35 meters. The courtyard buildings Im Rebstock 1–7 were grouped behind the Markt 8 house around an inner courtyard, which had a cubature identical to the property. At the longest point (distance to the north border in Rebstock 6 and 7 and north border in Markt 8) it was about 55 meters, at the widest point (distance to the western border of the southern cultivation from Im Rebstock 4 and eastern border in Rebstock 3) it was about 18 meters.
Market 6
The house at Markt 6 was one of the few pure stone buildings from the Middle Ages or early modern times that existed in the city. In terms of type, the building, which occupied one of the largest lots on the market , appeared somewhat comparable to the Haus zum Römer : Above a ground floor, which was accessible through four pointed arched portals until 1877 - afterwards they replaced historic shop fittings, two high full floors rose with it Six classicist windows each , separated by simple cornices .
The next stepped gable , which rises irregularly in three levels, housed another three floors with four, two and one window of the same type as the floors below. The lowest and highest levels were adorned with a late Renaissance ornament in the form of half shells, the top level was crowned by an antique vase, and in the middle level , volute-like decorations unfolded from pilasters facing the gable . Architrave-like cornices also separated the individual floors there.
The last major renovation, which brought the house into the form shown in a watercolor by Carl Theodor Reiffenstein from before 1877 , must have taken place between 1552 and 1628. On the so-called siege plan from the first year it appears clearly recognizable with the stepped gables, but without decoration. The so-called bird show plan by Matthäus Merian the Elder. Ä. from last year it shows exactly as Reiffenstein drew it 350 years later. Some details of the house, such as the vase attachment, appear almost baroque in terms of style , so that the renovation can only be started very shortly before 1628, certainly after 1600.
At its core, the house was visibly older, regardless of the pointed arched openings on the ground floor, which disappeared in 1877. On the upper floors, Reiffenstein saw the knocked out central posts of once three rectangular windows each, which in Frankfurt am Main already existed in stone houses from the 15th century, including the stone house not far away . Walled-up openings in the west wall to the doorway of the courtyard as well as an inner courtyard with cut-off walls to the north and west, which can be seen on the map of Friedrich August Ravenstein from 1862, still indicated that it belonged to the courtyard.
The room setting on the first floor, which had a blue painted wooden ceiling with gold stars, still points to the late Gothic period. A fire mentioned by Johann Georg Battonn in the vine in 1453, which also caused great destruction “under the Kremen” , ie on the market, is the only remaining and therefore too vague indication of when the house was built on the plot of market 6, which Was demolished in 1904.
Market 8
The house at Markt 8 was to be regarded as a typical new building of classicism , probably from the first five years of the 19th century . Since it was created before the Johann Georg Christian Hess building statute of 1809, which fundamentally forbade half-timbered construction , it is unclear whether it was a wooden structure, a stone structure or a mixed form. The parcel, which is extraordinarily large for the market like the neighboring house, was taken over from the previous building, taking up about two to three times as much space as an average old town house.
Four coupled round arches opened the ground floor. Of these, the most easterly or right from the market served as a flat-roofed entrance to the inner courtyard, the westernmost or left from the market served as a house entrance. Above it rose three full storeys with a clear structure in four window axes , the lower two also being completely symmetrical horizontally and each with four windows from the time of construction.
The third storey was set off from the underlying by a cornice and was centered by three grouped arched windows, flanked on the right and left by a further arched window at a distance of one window width. The eaves , single-storey gable roof had a wide dwarf house with three windows and a semicircular skylight, flanked by two dormers to complete the vertical structure.
An intermediate building was perpendicular to the eastern rear of the actual house on the market. At the latter, at the northern end, a rear building, placed perpendicular to it and thus on the eaves, was connected to the inner courtyard of the vine. The main building, the intermediate building and the rear building - the latter two instead of the saddle roof of the main building under a shared hipped roof - also formed a separate, almost square inner courtyard with the character of a light shaft due to their arrangement. From there, the flats were sparsely lit by the nifty dwelling houses, dormers and numerous windows.
The courtyard facade of the rear building, which in the western part came directly onto the house Im Rebstock 1 , was designed much more simply than the main building. Above the ground floor with the passage to the market, flanked by a shop window and the rear entrance, the windows on all floors were rectangular. Only the third floor could form a full band of six windows, due to the recess for the adjoining transverse building in the courtyard, the first and second floors each had four windows. The attic apartments were illuminated by three wide, identical dormers, each with three windows in the roof.
In the vine 1
The elongated courtyard building at Im Rebstock 1 rose on a peculiar, angular plot of land that met the Markt 8 house to the south and Im Rebstock 3 house to the north . So the building only had two designed sides. The reason for the unusual layout of the parcel was a recess in the lower left quarter of the actually rectangular parcel in favor of the inner courtyard of Markt 12, which used an independent courtyard building with a pent roof . From a distance, the transition could also be seen on the courtyard side through the slightly higher ridge on the affected south side of the roof of the house at Im Rebstock 1.
Regardless of this, the building was one of the most stately and original works of architecture from the mid-18th century in Frankfurt am Main . On a high stone ground floor, two simply overhanging half-timbered storeys with curtained, graceful galleries on both sides, which were closed by a high gable roof . On the courtyard side, this showed a large, three-storey dwarf house with a Rhenish wave gable.
Due to its size, the dwarf house had four windows on the lower floor and one window each on the middle and upper floors, with the middle one probably still going back to an elevator hatch, again its own dormers on two levels. Below that, at the level of the lowest floor, there was also a window facing north and south. Like the rest of the entire roof dormer was ver splinter and probably including possessed no original jewelery or even Schnitzfachwerk considering the construction period. It was flanked on the roof on the courtyard side by four dormers to the south and three dormers to the north on three levels. On the Neugasse side there were only four larger dormers on the lowest level.
The ground floor had a total of four windows in the middle with arched ends , which were drawn together into two groups by a cornice running above in a curved line . The cornice ran over every window wedge shape against dainty rococo - clasps , which were decorated in the middle with small face masks. The rest of the design of the ground floor was also largely mirror-symmetrical: the group of windows flanked a three-part entrance door to the north and south with segmented arches and a keystone. This was followed by round-arched portals with rectangular skylights on both sides, apparently serving as a basement exit .
A last southern portal, diagonally across from the courtyard entrance of Markt 8 and covered by a simple segmental arch, probably formed the staircase to the galleries on the floors above. In the north it had its equivalent in the passage to Neugasse. This was covered by a simple wooden ceiling, but according to the illustrations, it still had at least two masonry beams in the middle, and an older baroque bearing stone was still present.
(drawing by Peter Becker )
In the west, the passage initially opened to a small inner courtyard. There was the staircase to the rear gallery and directly next to it was the entrance to the independent house at Neugasse 4 . A gate with a pointed arch in a towering quarry stone wall separated this inner courtyard to the west from an adjoining inner courtyard, in which the entrances to the houses at Neugasse 2 and 6 were located. This inner courtyard finally opened to the west to Neugasse in a gate closed with a segment arch with a badly damaged and therefore illegible marriage coat of arms .
The balconies in the half-timbered upper storeys were divided into wide intervals by free-standing, carved wooden columns and closed off by an antenna column to the north and south . On the front there were nine of these columns, vertically aligned on each other, on the back, due to the narrower parcel section, only six, and also without ante. They were divided into a smooth, square lower part up to about the height of the parapet, linked by a round bar with a bulging shaft that tapered towards the top, which ended in a square capital based on the Corinthian order .
The parapets, each about a third of the floor height, were supported by slender wooden balusters . Between two columns there were always groups of nine on the front and groups of only six on the back. They were particularly distinguished by the fact that they were always designed a little differently in each group, despite a uniform overall impression. On the back, the northernmost compartment contained stake bars instead of the balusters , which reached over the railing and tapered off on the first floor and rounded on the second.
The elaborate design of the galleries contrasted with the unadorned, typically only constructive framework of the actual house walls, which were largely dissolved in windows anyway. On the courtyard side there was a central door on each floor, which was flanked by six windows to the north and nine windows to the south; the division on the back cannot be determined at least from the previously published image, map and plan material.
In the vine 2
In Rebstock 2 there was a simple early classicist apartment building in the south-east corner of the inner courtyard on an upright, rectangular lot . In the east it shared an approximately trapezoidal inner courtyard with the house Domplatz 7 , which dates from the same era and with which it was structurally connected in the south. The stone ground floor had a simple cuboid structure , the half-timbered upper floors, which protruded slightly from the basement, had no decoration. Apart from that, not even the number of windows and their division have been handed down, the highly functional building was covered by a very flat, single-storey hipped roof with dormers .
In the vine 3
(drawing by Adolf Koch )
Also on an upright, rectangular parcel, the house Im Rebstock 3 rose as a three-story half - timbered building above a stone ground floor. Although at first glance an original work of the 18th century, similar to the Goethe House , at least the ground floor in the core probably originated from the beginning of the 16th century, the half-timbered floors from the 17th century and the entire exterior only from a radical renovation at the end of the 18th century.
Typical of this period was the ground floor, which was pierced in the middle by two large storefronts spanned by segmental arches with keystones , which took up a little over half of its height. To the north was a half as deep, equally covered window, to the south a door of the same design. About five very simple, also in fading Baroque forms held consoles kragte the subsequent half-timbered floor as well as the overlying - this without brackets - easily made. Each storey had three grouped windows in the middle and two grouped windows to the north and south of it. The half-timbering that can be seen in pictures was a “fantasy framework” that was popular in historicism and was only painted on.
The ridge of the high, two-storey hipped roof was at approximately the same height as that of the neighboring house Im Rebstock 1 , which was only separated by a fire wall . Like this one, it had a stately dwelling on the courtyard side with a Rhenish, slated wave gable. Its lower storey had four windows grouped together, flanked on the roof to the north and south by two larger dormers each . Only one window had broken into the upper floor, which, like the neighboring house, may once have served as an elevator hatch, flanked by a small dormer window.
In the vine 4
Friedrich Stoltze's birthplace stood on an almost square parcel in the northeast corner of the courtyard. The eaves position allows the original building to be dated to the 17th century, which received its last appearance in the first half of the 18th century. In the end it made a very cramped and architecturally makeshift impression, as later additions had been made to its massive firewall in the west and to a third of the width of its actual front in the south.
The massive ground was from the west three stichbogig covered baroque windows with keystones and construction time union shutters , the subsequent input was also received fully in the state of the 18th century. The simple, carved door leaf was from a skylight in the form of a circular arc covers selected from Doric columns capitals arose on approach height. In the middle, this ran towards a three-dimensional keystone with diamond coating and also a Doric capital top.
The half-timbered storey above had six windows, just like those of the storey below, the eaves, two-storey hipped roof, a somewhat oversized-looking dwelling in the style of the house Im Rebstock 3 . Its lower floor showed four windows grouped together, the upper one a single, hatch-like one. This was flanked to the east by a small dormer , and to the west was a second dwelling. As two windows from the classical period reveal, this was added as part of a later roof extension and attached to the middle dwelling.
The old-fashioned firewall in the west, which perhaps originated from a late medieval predecessor building, followed the front in the design of its windows, two per storey. In the roof zone, the fact that the house Im Rebstock 6 was visibly placed in front of the lower of the two small, rectangular roof windows reinforced the impression of later additions.
In the vine 5
In its rectangular, very deep parcel, a typical representative of a Frankfurt town house was attached to the house at Im Rebstock 3 . Its rich formation of the stone ground floor in the Rococo style allows it to be dated to the time around 1760. The simple overhang of the two upper floors and the eaves gable roof with a simple dwarf speak in favor of a new building from this time and against the conversion of the existing substance .
Two identical doors covered with arched arches had broken into the three-axis, high ground floor to the south and in the middle, one of which was recently preserved from the construction period. The eastern axis filled a window that was treated in almost the same way, but the only difference was that it did not reach the floor. At the top, however, the breakthroughs reached uniformly to just below the overhang. At the north and south end of the house, it was supported by a larger, late baroque , bearing stone. The space below and the pillars between the breakthroughs were decorated with a typical wall filling of the time, which was described by a simple line carved into the stone. Even the fall of the breakthroughs was with Rocaille - agraffes designed in each alternate versions of the richest.
Among the best art locksmith work in Frankfurt am Main of the 18th century were the skylight grilles that connected beyond the very moving and profiled crossbars of the doors and windows. Stylized and filigree rocailles each played around a central motif. The middle one probably described a coat of arms - but it could no longer be assigned by the beginning of the 20th century. This showed a cross on a round field, above it a helmet with a tree as a jewel . The motif of the left and right grille was an antique flower vase.
The exact window division of the upper floors and the roof cannot be determined with absolute accuracy, at least from the previously published image, map and plan material. The house presumably had three windows per storey, and the two-storey dwelling, in contrast to the high baroque representatives in the immediate vicinity, only had a simple gable-shaped outline.
In addition to the winegrowers' monument , the house, which was demolished in 1904, is the only construction on the vine, parts of which have survived to the present day. The baroque door came to a private citizen from Grebenhain , who built it into his country house, almost the entire rest of it to the city's historical museum . Two of the lintels with Rocaille agraffes and a slightly damaged skylight grille are still preserved today.
In the vine 6
Similar to Haus Im Rebstock 2, the tradition of Haus Im Rebstock 6 is extremely poor. The half-timbered house protruding twice over a high stone ground floor with an eaves saddle roof and a dwarf house was located on an upright, rectangular plot of but only shallow depth in the northeast corner of the inner courtyard. In the north it came up against a slightly jutting, baroque-style fire wall, at the top of which the so-called winegrower's monument was walled in.
From the only photo published so far, in which the building is shown at an extremely unfavorable angle, even if at least up to the eaves, it can be deduced that it essentially belonged to the transition phase between the late Gothic and Renaissance periods of the 16th century, his however, its last external shape was obtained in the 18th and early 19th centuries. As an element of the late Gothic, the still relatively pronounced cantilever appeared, as a modern influence one could understand the corbels under the first floor, perhaps renewed in the Baroque period, the house entrance covered by a round arch and the windows on the upper floors combined in ribbon-like groups were largely renewed in a classical style.
A relatively high staircase with a simple grating led to the aforementioned house entrance on the ground floor, mainly due to the steep slope along the long side of the lot, as the deepest point of Kruggasse with the later, oldest course of the city wall and the Braubach was roughly on its north side. The seemingly unadorned portal was flanked by a large, three-part window, stone window in the style of the Renaissance, on the right or in the south of the observer standing in front of it, and on the other side by a simple rectangular window with baroque grating.
The upper floors were largely divided into windows, with four being grouped twice in the style of the early modern period. On the other hand, no statement can be made about any dormers or the roof design due to the lack of image material; the two-storey dwarf house with a simple gable crown seems to have had two central windows at least in the lower part.
In the vine 7
The house in Rebstock 7 stood on an almost square parcel, the east side of which, however, bent vertically to the west. Despite the very poor source of sources there, it can at least be said with certainty that, similar to its southern neighbor, it was probably a three-storey, two-overhanging building with a gable roof and a dwarf house.
On the other hand, no precise statements can be made about the age or the materiality. The only stylistic detail, a baroque corbel, however, points to an 18th century facade in front of what is essentially an older building, in which a half-timbered structure of at least three, but probably four vertical axes rose above a high stone floor. A special feature and the most important indication of a higher age was an architectural fragment in the northeast corner of the ground floor, which, critically, still belonged to the middle of the 16th century and was probably the remainder of a former courtyard gate at this point.
The very strong projection of the second floor compared to the first below must also be regarded as unusual. The dwarf house on the roof above followed in its wave-shaped outline roughly that of Im Rebstock 3 and was apparently two-story.
The winegrowers' monument
Description and dating
The winegrowers' monument is an originally three-part collection of Gothic and Renaissance sculptures made of red Main sandstone under a baroque canopy. This group was located, facing south, walled in on the protruding fire wall between the houses Im Rebstock 6 and Kruggasse 8. The younger canopy compared to the older sculpture must be a clear indication of a translocation and secondary use in the 18th century. In 1906, after the buildings in question were demolished, the memorial was taken to the city's historical museum, where, as it was not known until 2008, two parts have survived to this day.
In terms of cubature, the largest and lowest section can best be characterized as having a pillar-like basic structure. This part is approximately 70 cm high, 35 cm wide and 25 cm deep and is divided into two parts. The lower one rises initially on a square ground plan and merges at the front via a stepped cornice gusset into the octagon, of which only five eighths are formed. There are Blend key notches in the front three eighths. From the octagonal base, on which a pear, a grape and an apple are depicted, rises a chair-like frame on which a man figure crouches, whose upstretched arms support a console.
The middle part of the monument stands on this, which is around 47 cm high, 15 cm wide and 18 cm deep. It shows a man in a long smock climbing up a trunk-like structure. The base of the piece is roughly semicircular, the lower end has a neatly crafted bearing, the upper one, on the other hand, a hollow about 5 cm wide and 20 cm deep with traces of an original notch.
On the middle piece there was still a loose chunk of stone that had been chipped from a Renaissance acanthus ornament. According to the documentation in 2008, this piece has now been lost, probably due to the effects of World War II, as has the niche under which the three parts mentioned were located. It was formed from a late Baroque arched cornice in the form of a semicircular canopy, which was supported by two narrow pilasters flanking the sides.
The dating of the two larger parts is consistently set in the older and more recent literature at least in the 15th century, and in some cases attempts have been made to assign the larger of these to the 14th century. The smallest piece, although never dated in literature, probably belonged to the second half of the 16th or the first half of the 17th century. Again, the dating of the niche or the canopy is in the late Baroque or the second half of the 18th century.
interpretation
The dating shows objectively that the winegrowers' monument was a kind of spoil collection of parts of different origins. Since the Middle Ages, the use of spoils in new building projects has served as a reminder and at the same time as an appreciation of building tradition, which in this particular case was seldom obvious due to the excessive and shrine-like embedding of the objects.
That high position, which since the 18th century did not reveal any details of the street for the majority of the population, had certainly led to a certain legends about the actual meaning over the years (see history ). The fact that the object, as Carl Theodor Reiffenstein explains, was a "landmark" of old Frankfurt must be doubted, since no secondary mentions can be found in subsequent Frankfurt literature of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The most serious interpretation, which is unanimously supported by older descriptions, is that the larger piece was part of an oriel architecture at the northern gate of the courtyard, which is close to the fire wall. The blend key notches in its lower area, which, if one continues this assumption, has to be presented above the pointed arch of the former portal, are a clear iconographic indication of this. The frame with the man figure above fruits is probably the depiction of wine pressing.
In contrast, the smaller piece hardly allows for an interpretation that goes beyond the representation of a man climbing a tree. Attempts to classify the tree as a vine must be dismissed as speculation due to the ambiguity of the representation, as well as attempts to attribute the piece as stylistically probably the oldest part of the monument to an early fountain architecture. The main arguments to be cited are the much clearer depictions of vines in comparable medieval sculptures and the completely lacking iconographic relationship with the 18th century fountain in the courtyard.
Archives and literature
Archival material
Historical Museum Frankfurt
Institute for City History
- Existence of Glauburg documents, signature 10.
- Existing house documents, signatures 1,398 and 2,194.
- Holdings of Holzhausen documents, signatures 179 and 1,181.
literature
Major works
- Johann Georg Battonn : Local description of the city of Frankfurt am Main - Volume III. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1864, pp. 143–146, 178 u. 179 ( online ).
- Rudolf Jung , Julius Hülsen: The architectural monuments in Frankfurt am Main - Volume 3, private buildings. Self-published / Keller, Frankfurt am Main 1902–1914, pp. 383–395.
- Walter Sage: The community center in Frankfurt a. M. until the end of the Thirty Years War. Wasmuth, Tübingen 1959 ( Das Deutsche Bürgerhaus 2), pp. 31, 32 and 51.
Further works used
- Hartwig Beseler, Niels Gutschow: War fates of German architecture. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume I: North. Panorama Verlag, Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-926642-22-X .
- Hartwig Beseler, Niels Gutschow: War fates of German architecture. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume II: South. Panorama Verlag, Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-926642-22-X .
- Johann Friedrich Böhmer , Friedrich Lau: Document book of the imperial city Frankfurt. First volume 794-1314. J. Baer & Co, Frankfurt am Main 1901.
- Johann Friedrich Böhmer, Friedrich Lau: Document book of the imperial city Frankfurt. Second volume 1314-1340. J. Baer & Co, Frankfurt am Main 1905.
- Carl Friedrich Fay, Carl Friedrich Mylius , Franz Rittweger, Fritz Rupp : Pictures from the old Frankfurt am Main. According to nature. Published by Carl Friedrich Fay, Frankfurt am Main 1896–1911.
- Folkhard Cremer (edit.): Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hesse II. Darmstadt administrative district. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 .
- Alexander Dietz : Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte - Volume I. Herman Minjon Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1910.
- Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Volkmar Hepp, Björn Wissenbach, Peter Bierling: Planning area Dom - Römer. Documentation old town. City Planning Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 2006 ( online ; PDF; 14.8 MB).
- Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Björn Wissenbach: Planning area Dom - Römer. Spolia of the old town 1. Documentation of the original components of Frankfurt town houses stored in the Historical Museum. Urban Planning Office, Frankfurt am Main 2008 ( online ( Memento from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive )).
- Richard Froning: Frankfurt Chronicles and Annalistic Records of the Middle Ages. Carl Jügel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1884.
- Fried Lübbecke , Paul Wolff: Alt-Frankfurt. Forty-four pictures based on photos by Paul Wolff. Text by Fried Lübbecke. Third episode. Verlag Englert & Schlosser, Frankfurt am Main 1926.
- Karl Nahrgang : The Frankfurt old town. A historical-geographical study. Waldemar Kramer publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 1949.
- Elsbet Orth : Frankfurt am Main in the early and high Middle Ages. In: Frankfurter Historische Kommission (Ed.): Frankfurt am Main - The history of the city in nine contributions. (= Publications of the Frankfurt Historical Commission . Volume XVII ). Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1991, ISBN 3-7995-4158-6 .
- Carl Theodor Reiffenstein : The landmarks of Frankfurt aM In: Archive for Frankfurt's history and art. New series, first volume, self-published by the Association for History and Antiquity in Frankfurt am Main in commission from Heinrich Keller, Frankfurt am Main 1860, pp. 288–291.
- Carl Theodor Reiffenstein: Directory of house names in Frankfurt and Sachsenhausen. In: Archive for Frankfurt's History and Art. New series, first volume, self-published by the Association for History and Antiquity in Frankfurt am Main in commission from Heinrich Keller, Frankfurt am Main 1860, pp. 354–385.
- Magnus Wintergerst: Franconofurd. Volume I. The findings of the Carolingian-Ottonian Palatinate from the Frankfurt old town excavations 1953–1993. Archaeological Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-88270-501-9 ( Writings of the Archaeological Museum Frankfurt 22/1).
Images (as far as bibliographically verifiable)
- Dieter Bartetzko , Detlef Hoffmann , Almut Junker, Viktoria Schmidt-Linsenhoff : Frankfurt in early photographs 1850–1914. New edition. Schirmer-Mosel, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-88814-284-9 .
- Peter Becker : Pictures from old Frankfurt. Prestel, Frankfurt am Main around 1880.
- Bibliographisches Institut (Ed.): Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. A reference book of general knowledge. Sixth, completely revised and enlarged edition. Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig and Vienna 1902–1910.
- Adolf Koch: From Frankfurt's past. Architectural studies drawn and described from nature. Published by Heinrich Keller, Frankfurt am Main 1894.
- Werner Nosbisch ( edit .): Housing in the City of Frankfurt aM Building and Economic Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1930.
- Friedrich August Ravenstein : August Ravenstein's geometric plan of Frankfurt am Main. Publishing house of the geographical institute in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1862.
- Benno Reifenberg , Fried Lübbecke , Richard Kirn , Franz Lerner, Bernd Lohse: Portrait of a city. Frankfurt am Main. Past and present. Umschau Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1958.
- James Westfall Thompson: The Frankfort Book Fair. The Francofordiense Emporium of Henri Estienne. The Caxton Club, Chicago 1911.
Web links
- Domstrasse & Rebstock. altfrankfurt.com
- Hof Rebstock at the market . In: Virtual old town model Frankfurt am Main
References and comments
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jung, Hülsen 1902-1914, p. 321 u. 383.
- ↑ Dreysse, Wissenbach 2008, p. 28 u. 29. ( online ( memento from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ Reiffenstein 1860 landmark, p. 289.
- ↑ Dreysse, Wissenbach 2008, p. 1. ( online ( Memento from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ Orth 1991, p. 22 and 23.
- ↑ Nahrgang 1949, pp. 50–52 and 56.
- ^ Nahrgang 1949, p. 10 (footnote); after pollen analyzes and archaeological finds of the oxbow lakes of the Rhine and Neckar.
- ^ Nahrgang 1949, p. 13.
- ↑ Wintergerst 2007, pp. 95-98.
- ↑ Jung, Hülsen 1902-1914, p. 388.
- ↑ Boehmer, Lau 1901, p. 59, certificate no.115.
- ↑ Dietz 1910, p. 142.
- ↑ Dreysse, Wissenbach 2008, p. 3 u. 4. ( online ( memento of February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ Boehmer, Lau 1901, p. 203 and 204, Certificate No. 420.
- ↑ Boehmer, Lau 1901, p. 414 and 415, Certificate No. 824.
- ↑ Boehmer, Lau 1901, p. 481, certificate no.931.
- ↑ Boehmer, Lau 1901, p. 262 and 263, Certificate No. 544.
- ↑ Boehmer, Lau 1905, p. 92, certificate no. 99.
- ↑ Boehmer, Lau 1905, p. 67, Certificate No. 66.
- ↑ a b Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, inventory of Glauburg documents, signature 10.
- ↑ Battonn 1864, p. 143 and 144.
- ↑ Froning 1884, p. 443; according to the family tree of III. Zweig of the Weiss von Limpurg family.
- ↑ a b Froning, p. 420; based on the family tree of the Frosch family.
- ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, collection of house documents, signature 2.194.
- ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, holdings of Holzhausen documents, signature 1.181.
- ↑ a b c d e Jung, Hülsen 1902–1914, p. 384.
- ↑ Battonn 1864, p. 144; Quotation: "Both married couples' coats of arms of excellent size are still really above the archway at Kruggasse".
- ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, collection of house documents, signature 1.398.
- ↑ Battonn 1864, p. 145.
- ↑ Jung, Hülsen 1902-1914, p. 385.
- ↑ a b Fay, Mylius, Rittweger, Rupp 1896–1911, text on plate 40 in volume 4.
- ↑ Battonn 1864, pp. 145, 216 and 217; Battonn reports about a Mr. Scherer (on p. 216 and 217 Scheerer) who rebuilt the house Im Rebstock 2 in 1802. At the end of 1804, the Bartholomäusstift sold the Fürstenberg house (Domplatz 7) to the east, which was adjacent to Domplatz, to him for 17,101 guilders, which he broke off "soon after" and moved to a new building to house Im Rebstock 2. Since Markt 6 was stylistically from this period and adjoined Im Rebstock 2 to the south, it can be assumed that it also came from those years.
- ↑ Lübbecke, Wolff 1926, pp. 51 and 52.
- ↑ Dreysse, Wissenbach, Bierling 2006, p. 35 and 36. ( online ; PDF; 14.8 MB)
- ↑ Beseler, Gutschow 2000 Volume II, p. 825.
- ↑ Beseler, Gutschow 2000 Volume I, pp. LII – LV.
- ↑ Beseler, Gutschow 2000 Volume II, pp. 802-804.
- ↑ Verbatim minutes of the 15th plenary session of the city council on Thursday, September 6, 2007 (4:02 p.m. to 10:30 p.m.). In: PARLIS - Parliamentary Information System of the City Council of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved January 15, 2010 .
- ^ Lecture by the magistrate to the city council M 112 2007 from June 20, 2007. In: PARLIS - Parliament information system of the city council Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved January 15, 2010 .
- ^ Lecture by the magistrate to the city council meeting M 205 2009 of October 19, 2009. Accessed on January 15, 2010 .
- ↑ Dreysse, Wissenbach, Bierling 2006, p. 6. ( online ; PDF; 14.8 MB)
- ↑ Cremer 2008, p. 282 u. 283.
- ^ Clear the way for the reconstruction of the Rebstock house. (No longer available online.) In: fnp.de. December 23, 2009, formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 15, 2010 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Rebstock-Hof. In: domroemer.de. Retrieved January 16, 2018 .
- ↑ Braubachstrasse 21. In: domroemer.de. Retrieved January 16, 2018 .
- ↑ Competition “Dom Römer Development” - result of the 1st competition. (No longer available online.) In: domroemerareal-ffm-wb.de. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013 ; Retrieved December 4, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Markt 8. In: domroemer.de. Retrieved January 16, 2018 .
- ↑ Dom-Römer-Zeitung September 2012 , p. 6
- ↑ Dom-Römer-Zeitung October 2014 , p. 3
- ↑ Dom-Römer-Zeitung December 2014 , p. 3
- ↑ Jung, Hülsen 1902–1914, pp. 383–395.
- ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, holdings of Holzhausen documents, signature 179.
- ↑ Battonn 1864, pp. 145, 146 and 178.
- ↑ a b Battonn 1864, p. 178.
- ↑ Reiffenstein 1860 house names, pp. 354–385; According to Reiffenstein, the basis of the directory is "Batton's manuscript, Boehmer's collection of documents, the intelligence sheet [a kind of early gazette] and original documents along with the oral records of various homeowners" .
- ↑ Sage 1959, p. 31.
- ↑ Reiffenstein 1860 house names, p. 374.
- ↑ Battonn 1864, p. 144; Quote: “Stdt. Rchnbch. de 1453. A fire under the Kremen that was significant and the fire in the vine went out. ”.
Remarks
- ↑ The exact construction time of the Staufen wall is still controversial and fluctuates in the literature between the middle of the 12th and the early 13th century, as there is no surviving written evidence that directly relates to the construction of the wall. Research tends to consider a period around 1200 to be the most likely. B. Orth 1991, p. 26.
- ↑ Means the free-standing firewall of the Alter Markt 8 building to the east.
- ↑ In the absence of information, extrapolated from Ravenstein 1862.
- ↑ This and all of the following description follows the text in Sage 1959, p. 31 u. 32, as well as the picture of the house in the article, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
- ↑ This and all of the following description follows (especially with regard to the roof design and the inner courtyard) the sketchbooks of the Treuner brothers, the photographs of the house near Dreysse, Wissenbach, Bierling 2006, p. 52, as well as the pictures of the house in the article, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
- ↑ This and all of the following description follows the text in Jung, Hülsen 1902–1914, pp. 389–392, (especially with regard to the roof design and the non-visible parts of the inner courtyard) the sketchbooks by the Treuner brothers and the roof sketch at Dreysse, Wissenbach , Bierling 2006, p. 14, as well as the illustrations in the article, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
- ↑ This and all of the following description follows the text in Jung, Hülsen 1902–1914, p. 394, as well as the illustration of the house in the article, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
- ↑ This and the entire following description follows the text in Jung, Hülsen 1902–1914, p. 392 u. 393, as well as the images in the article, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
- ↑ This and all of the following description follows the text in Jung, Hülsen 1902–1914, p. 394, as well as the illustrations in the article, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Old town: Arnsburger Hof | Augsburger Hof | Basler Hof | Clesern-Hof | Golden lamb | Large storage | Hainer Hof | Hof Rebstock am Markt | Köpplerhöfchen | Nürnberger Hof | Saalhof | Trierischer Hof | Württemberger Hof
Neustadt: Frankensteiner Hof | Junghof | Porcelain yard | Rahmhof | Pigeon yard
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 38.1 " N , 8 ° 40 ′ 43.6" E