Braubachstrasse
| Braubachstrasse | |
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| Braubachstrasse, looking east | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Frankfurt am Main |
| District | Old town |
| Created | 1904-1906 |
| Connecting roads | Battonnstrasse (east), Bethmannstrasse (west) |
| Cross streets | Paulsplatz , Römerberg , Neue Kräme , Domstrasse, Fahrgasse |
| Buildings | Technical Town Hall, Museum of Modern Art, Haus am Dom |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 296 meters |
The Braubachstraße is from 1904 to 1906-scale road breakthrough in the Frankfurt old town .
location
The street begins in the east of the old town on Fahrgasse , where it crosses Berliner Strasse and Battonnstrasse . From here it runs in a westerly direction to the Römerberg and the Neue Kräme . Paulsplatz begins after about 318 meters . After about 100 meters, Braubachstrasse is crossed by Domstrasse at the Museum of Modern Art , which runs from northern Berliner Strasse to Domplatz . The entire length of Braubachstrasse is used by tram lines 11, 12 and 14.
history
The Braubach was already a silted up tributary of the Main in the first Christian millennium , which roughly followed the course of today's street of the same name in the old town area. As archaeological findings in the course of the 20th century have shown, the oldest city wall , probably built around the year 1000, therefore used it as a natural ditch in front of it. With the growing size of Frankfurt, the Braubach soon became a canal within the city, known as the Antauche , and from the mid-14th century at the latest it only flowed underground.
In the almost 500 years that followed, that area of the old town between Schnurgasse in the north and Hinter dem Lämmchen or the Old Market in the south hardly changed. It was not until the second half of the 19th century that structural problems came to light here, which had brought about the elimination of the once large Frankfurt trade fair , increasing industrialization and the emergence of large-scale new residential areas outside the medieval old town. The building fabric increasingly fell into disrepair and the lower social classes in particular found space in the old houses. As a panacea for these problems, street openings based on the Parisian model have been seen since the middle of the 19th century, which were intended to open up the old city quarters with traffic and thus enliven them.
At the height of this development, between 1904 and 1906, Braubachstraße was built parallel to Domstraße, which crosses it at about half its length in a north-south direction . In contrast to previous street openings, where streets were often only widened on one side or a few houses were demolished, the course now ran through the oldest part of the city. According to an idea by the Viennese architect Camillo Sitte , the course of the street was designed in the form of a wide S-curve in order to achieve an ideal view along the future house facades. It was named after the Braubach, which is now under many meters of civilization rubble but has never been forgotten and which roughly follows the course of the road.
As a result of the breakthrough, well over a hundred old town houses were demolished, many of which date back to the Middle Ages . Since the monument protection practically did not exist in those years and there was almost exclusively historical building fabric in the old town, which is difficult to imagine by today's conditions, its demolition was largely accepted uncritically. A characteristic is a statement attributed to the mayor Franz Adickes with the approximate wording: "We have enough of the old stuff in the city" . The documentation of individual demolished houses by Otto Laufer such as B. the Great Steinheimer , possibly from the 14th, but certainly from the 2nd half of the 15th century, gives only a rudimentary idea of the culturally and historically valuable buildings that were sacrificed to progress at that time.
The loss of substance was increased by the fact that large, historicizing houses were built in addition to Braubachstrasse , for which plots had to be created through further demolitions north and south of the lines. The losses also include large parts of the Nürnberger Hof and half of the Goldener Lammchen , the city's last two large exhibition centers. The lesser-known buildings of the Erlanger Hof, the Württemberger Hof and the remains of the Johanniterhof were completely destroyed . Finally, significant parts of the Rebstock farm , the house where Friedrich Stoltze was born, also fell . On the Römerberg, the entire north side up to the stone house was cleared, which also affected the Salzwedel / Hörle pharmacy “Zum Weißen Schwahnen”, and replaced by historicizing buildings, some using original parts from their predecessors. Even after the interruption caused by the First World War , the new development went on for much longer than expected; the last vacant lot at the height of the vine was not closed until the end of the 1930s.
In the bombing of the Second World War , which in 1944 destroyed practically the entire old town north and south of Braubachstrasse, the buildings lining it were themselves relatively little damaged. This was probably mainly due to the fact that it was built almost exclusively with stone houses. With a few exceptions, only the roofs and parts of the facades were damaged, which were restored after the war, albeit largely simplified.
The construction of the Technical Town Hall on the Dom-Römer site in the early 1970s cost far more building fabric . Since it should also be accessible to Braubachstrasse, four of the preserved historicist buildings on the southern side of the street were demolished for the building, which was built in the brutalist concrete style. These included the late baroque remains of the Haus zum Esslinger , an important Frankfurt Goethe site , connected to house number 4 .
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In 2010/11, the City Council decided to demolish the Technical Town Hall and then redevelop the area south of Braubachstrasse as part of the Dom-Römer project . A design statute applied to the architecture of the new buildings in small-scale construction. 15 buildings were externally reconstructed as creative replicas , including the house at Braubachstrasse 21 .
In the summer of 2020, the city of Frankfurt rededicated 20 parking spaces on the way to a car-free city center for outdoor catering and bicycle parking spaces.
The houses at Braubachstrasse 23, 27, 29 and 31 are new buildings. Between No. 23 and 27, the historic Neugasse was rebuilt as a connection road to the chicken market . The passage to the reconstructed Goldenes Lämmchen house is in the Braubachstrasse 29 building . Today, Braubachstrasse in the old town is the street with the highest proportion of listed original buildings in a closed sequence, even if it is barely over 100 years old.
The Frankfurt tram was extended from Paulsplatz at the eponymous Frankfurter Paulskirche through the opening of Braubachstraße in 1904 to Fahrgasse and in 1906 to Allerheiligentor . The so-called old town route is an important section in their network. As part of the rail-free city center project , the line was supposed to be abandoned in autumn 1986, but the district president in Darmstadt refused the necessary decommissioning permit. The section has not been questioned since the 1990s. Lines 11 and 12 and the Ebbelwei-Express are currently operating on the old town route.
Buildings
General
Galleries, second-hand bookshops and a few restaurants can be found along Braubachstrasse today. On the southern side, the construction site of the Dom-Römer project is in the middle on about a third of the length of the street , directly followed by the newly built house at the cathedral . At the east end on the north side of the street is the Museum of Modern Art .
Large parts of the street, especially up to the crossing with Domstraße, are characterized by historic buildings. However, these are no longer in the original context of the rest of the buildings, as they were intended as a continuation of the historical old town that stretched behind them in a north and south direction. Even today, many buildings still have the effect of diminishing, greatly simplified roof structures from the immediate post-war period. Actually intended as a stopgap solution, in large parts they are still the rule today and considerably reduce the aesthetic quality of many buildings such as the entire Braubachstrasse ensemble.
The development of the road breakthrough was delayed for various reasons, but above all because of the First World War . As a result, not only various historicist styles, but also buildings from Expressionism , the Reform Style or the New Objectivity have been preserved along the street . The Allied air raids of World War II , however, all historicist half-timbered buildings were destroyed along the road. This also included the probably most important buildings of this type in Frankfurt; u. a. the Domrestaurant (formerly No. 8, 1907 to 1908, architects Senf & Musch , today the site of the Museum of Modern Art) on the northeast corner of the intersection with Domstrasse and the opposite Haus zur Maus (No. 10, 1906, also architects Senf & Musch ), of which only the oriel foot , which was poorly integrated into a post-modern new building, has survived . Nevertheless, Braubachstrasse still provides a broad insight into the architectural diversity of the first half of the 20th century in a way not repeated in Frankfurt.
Buildings in detail
The best-preserved building, as the roof area was not even damaged in the Second World War, is the head pharmacy built in 1906 by architect Fritz Geldmacher on the northern corner of the Neue Kräme. Today it is a good example of the lost urban planning relationships in the old town. Opposite it were the buildings for the city of Antwerp and the Great Department Store , two outstanding Frankfurt secular buildings from the 18th century. The neo-baroque head pharmacy adopted its structural features in order to simulate a naturally grown structure. The architectural models were completely destroyed during the war, today only the house sign of the city of Antwerp, designed in the rich Rococo style, is preserved as a spoiler , which shows a view of the city of the same name .
The diagonally opposite house No. 37 (1906, architect Friedrich Sander , currently used by Galerie Artbox Frankfurt ) in the taste of the third Rococo is, apart from the ground floor, an almost perfect copy of the city of Antwerp, but after incorrect reconstruction it is still above the 2nd . Bullet disfigured. Instead of the original ornamental gable with richly ornamented oculi , there is now another full storey with a much flatter roof. The neo-renaissance style house No. 39 (1907) to the west , which appears to be greatly simplified in the roof area by a very flat roof, and the adjoining house to the crane on the corner of the Römerberg also come from Sander . Of the latter, only the ground floor remains, which in turn comes from the previous building, probably from the 17th century. The first floor of the house, built in 1908 , was painted by the son of the famous Frankfurt architect and glass painter Alexander Linnemann , Rudolf Linnemann in a lavishly historicizing way. Although the house was badly damaged only and especially towards the Römerberg during the Second World War and Linnemann's designs for painting have been preserved to this day, the decision was made to rebuild, which can still be seen today, which has left the building undesigned due to the many open spaces received form.
The only neo-Gothic building is house no.35 (1906, architect Franz von Hoven ), the northern continuation of the historical stone house, which has served gastronomic purposes since its inauguration . In its current form, however, it is considerably simplified compared to the original state. The dividing line between the original and the simplified structure, marked by a cornice , runs below the windows on the first floor. They originally had Gothic curtain arches , and there was no second floor. Instead, above the first floor, leaning against the actually stone house, there was a crenellated roof terrace with two enclosed belvederes . These had high hipped roofs , the fire walls of the house were designed as stepped gables , similar to that of the Lichtenstein house on the Römerberg.
The next house No. 33 (1914, architect Hermann Senf ) has a central balcony with caryatids and is in the style of neoclassicism . On the ground floor there is a passage from the early 15th century with a Gothic reticulated vault and coat of arms stones, which is part of the Nuremberg court that was once located here . In the rear courtyard of No. 28 (1913, architect A. v. Lersner ) in the neo-renaissance style, which is opposite and is currently used by an auction house, there is also a gate from the early 18th century, which once marked the northern end of the aforementioned courtyard .
Towards the east, the facades become increasingly sober, as most of the buildings here did not begin until after the First World War. Accordingly, there are mainly neoclassical, early modern and expressionist buildings. Excellent examples of the latter style are No. 12 (1925, architect H. Senf , currently used by Galerie Edition Raphael ), in the style of a classic Frankfurt old town house, and No. 10–12 (1926, architects F. Roeckle and H. Mustard , currently used by the Hanna Bekker vom Rath art gallery, Kultur für ALLE eV, Association of German Architects ); can already be attributed to modernity z. B. the craftsman's house (No. 18–22, 1926, architect P. Paravicini ) or No. 30–32 (1927, architect A. Assmann ), currently used as a gallery .
The house at Braubachstraße 21 , formerly Im Rebstock 3, is a reconstruction as part of the Dom-Römer project . It is a three-storey residential and farm building, the core of which came from the 16th century and was externally changed in the Baroque period. In the construction typical of Frankfurt, two cantilevered half-timbered floors rise above a stone ground floor . The house is the gable end to Braubachstraße the eaves to Hof Rebstock on the market with a dormer with baroque wave gable and several dormers divided. The reconstruction is a design by the Frankfurt office Jourdan & Müller . The ground floor is used by the administration of the Katharinen- und Weißfrauenstift, a non-profit foundation dating back to 1353.
To the west of this is the new building at Braubachstrasse 23 , a design by Ingartner Khorrami Architects , Leipzig. The four-storey residential building with a mansard roof is completely clad with the red Main sandstone typical of Frankfurt . The cider drinker is mounted on the northwest corner of the building on Neugasse , a spoil from the previous building built by Hermann Senf in 1940. The Goldenes Kreuz house (Braubachstraße 25b) by Bernd Albers, Berlin, is a rear building to Braubachstraße 23 and with it historical Model connected by three archways. Like its predecessor from the 18th century, the three-storey house has a dwelling on the north side of the eaves. The two gable ends face the narrow Neugasse, which connects Braubachstrasse with the chicken market , and the courtyard towards the Rebstock.
The neighboring house on the western side of Neugasse is also made of red sandstone. The three-storey building at Braubachstrasse 27 with a two-storey classicist gable was designed by Eckert Neebger Suselbeek, Berlin. The house at Braubachstrasse 29 by Bernd Albers has two facades: The front facing Braubachstrasse consists of a ground floor with five arcades, above three horizontally structured upper floors, the top of which is set off by a cornice. The recessed top floor is divided by a five-axis dwarf house with two attics next to it. The main portal is additionally emphasized by a figure of the Virgin in half relief . It leads into the inner courtyard of the golden lamb . The rear facade facing the Lämmchenhof is an exact reconstruction of the previous building from 1911, which in turn was a reconstruction of the state of 1693.
The Zum Glauburger Hof building (Braubachstrasse 31) was built based on the Art Nouveau building from 1913, which was demolished in 1970 for the Technical Town Hall. The design comes from Knerer and Lang Architects , Dresden. The lettering The new falls and old life blossoms out of the ruins , a parody of a sentence from Schiller's Wilhelm Tell, was embedded in its facade, which was already planned by Hermann Senf .
Web links
- Braubachstrasse. altfrankfurt.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stadtvermessungsamt Frankfurt am Main (ed.): Portal GeoInfo Frankfurt , city map
- ↑ a b Braubachstraße 21 on the Dom-Römer-GmbH website, accessed on August 10, 2018
- ↑ The gable filling was not a historicist new creation, but came from a baroque house on Goetheplatz built in 1694 and demolished around 1900, cf. Architects and Engineers Association (ed.): Frankfurt am Main 1886–1910. A guide through his buildings . Maubach, Frankfurt am Main 1910, p. 175
- ↑ Braubachstrasse 23. In: Dom-Römer GmbH. Retrieved October 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Braubachstrasse 25b (Neugasse) "Goldenes Kreuz". In: Dom-Römer GmbH. Retrieved October 8, 2018 .
- ^ Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Volkmar Hepp, Björn Wissenbach, Peter Bierling: Planning area Dom - Römer. Documentation old town. City Planning Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 2006, House 7 (p. 41) ( online ; PDF; 14.8 MB)
- ↑ Braubachstrasse 27. In: Dom Römer GmbH. Retrieved October 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Braubachstrasse 29. In: Dom-Römer GmbH. Retrieved October 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Braubachstrasse 31 “Zum Glauburger Hof”. In: Dom-Römer GmbH. Retrieved October 6, 2018 .
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 39.3 " N , 8 ° 40 ′ 55.3" E