Villa Metzler

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Villa Metzler
Villa Metzler, Schaumainkai 15, flanked by ginkgo (left) and primeval sequoia (right)

Villa Metzler, Schaumainkai 15, flanked by ginkgo (left) and primeval sequoia (right)

Data
place Frankfurt am Main , Hesse
builder Architect family Kayser or Mack
Construction year 1802/04, remodeling in 1863/65
height approx. 16 m
Floor space approx. 220 m²
Coordinates 50 ° 6 '25 "  N , 8 ° 40' 54"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 6 '25 "  N , 8 ° 40' 54"  E
particularities
Classicist building

Park with Swiss house, museum, since 2009 with rooms in nine different historical styles

The Villa Metzler is a classicist country house built in 1803 and later rebuilt on the banks of the Main in Frankfurt am Main, Sachsenhausen .

history

The Villa Metzler belongs to the Museum of Applied Arts . As far as the building is concerned, the name Metzler comes from the meaning of the villa for a period of 77 years. The more than 200-year history is neither in this nor in the recent function of the magnificent building as a museum location. Since classicist buildings in Frankfurt am Main that survived later building epochs have become rare due to the war, the villa , picturesquely located on the Museumufer , represents the building epoch of classicism on the left Main Main .

The Salzwedel country house

The garden of the pharmacist Peter Salzwedel

Gardens on the Schaumainkai around 1800, on the right the house and garden of Salzwedels

1800: Peter Salzwedel (older spelling: Saltzwedel ; * June 19, 1752; † December 17, 1815), owner of the pharmacy "Zum Weißen Schwahnen" on Römerberg , acquired the property directly in front of the Schaumaintor on Sachsenhausen Ufer (Schaumainstraße, Gewann 19 / 4; today's address: Schaumainkai 15), which was outside the city limits, was arable and suited Salzwedel’s preference for botany . He planted rare trees on the approximately 10,000 m² area: ginkgo , Canadian red oak , tulip tree , a circle of purple-blooming pomegranate trees , red beech , chestnut and giant sequoia . Goethe , although already living in Weimar , knew the garden, praised it very much and dedicated the tree poem Gingo biloba to the Frankfurt citizen and lover Marianne von Willemer in 1815 - with a sheet of Salzwedel ginkgo (1790–1944), as could be made plausible. The trees from back then are now very old and can still be admired - new trees have grown from the roots of the former ginkgo, and more were planted again in 1971 as part of the reconstruction of the park.

Garden on the wall in front of the Schaumaintor, around 1771

The classicist country house of the Salzwedel family

Center: three-story Salzwedel country house around 1850

In 1802/04 a three-storey classicist country house was built , with a square floor plan , with a hipped roof and mansards , presumably based on the plans of the Frankfurt architect families Kayser or Mack. Due to the lack of space on the property, which begins narrowly on the city wall from the Main side, the entrance was placed on the unfavorable weather side (west). Before the villa could be completed, Salzwedel's wife, Caroline, née. Bartels (1752–1803), of whose eleven children only the five daughters reached adulthood. Salzwedel sold the Schwanen pharmacy, which had been family-owned since 1634, to his son-in-law Carl Philip Hörle (1781–1847), whose first wife Margarethe, née. Salzwedel (1785-1814), was called. After grinding the ramparts (around 1806), Salzwedel acquired around 460 m² of land for his garden before 1811, on which he had farm buildings built.

Pharmacy "Zum Weißen Schwahnen" ( Christian Georg Schütz the Elder , Market on the Römerberg , 1754)
Country house with garden (colored border, red: extension 1813) in the 1852 city map by Julius Eduard Foltz-Eberle

In 1813 Salzwedel expanded the property considerably. He bought the fallow land that had been created by the now removed ramparts to the newly created Schifferstrasse (approx. 5000 m²). When Salzwedel died at the end of 1815, he left behind the four daughters who were still alive after him, Maria Anna Saltzwedel, Auguste Wilhelmine Burnitz, née. Saltzwedel (1788–1831), Johanna Carolina Schulz, b. Saltzwedel (1789–1830), Maria Sophia Saltzwedel (1793–1849) and his grandson Philipp Peter Hörle (1810–1843) villa and garden property in equal parts and an impressive fortune.

Goethe's poem with leaves from Salzwedel-Ginkgo

1815: Who (continued) to use the country house after the death of the founder can hardly be determined, as Schaumainstraße, as the -kai was initially called, was outside the city of Frankfurt and Sachsenhausen and was not included in the relevant address books. The Salzwedel daughters considered residents of the country house: Maria Anna († 1854, single) and Maria Sophia (until she married Rudolf Burnitz in 1823). The fact that Maria Sophia married the brother-in-law of her sister Auguste Wilhelmine, and that Maria Anna lived and died in the Burnitz house, Untermainkai 2, suggests that these three sisters lived together in the Burnitz house after 1815. As users (in summer) of the country house and gardens, all four families of the Salzwedel daughters should be considered, although none of them had the country house as their residential address: The pharmacist Hörle's second marriage after 1816 had eight, the Schulz-Saltzwedel seven children ( 1816–1829), in the house of the Burnitz brothers there were six children (1817–1824) in one branch and five children (1824–1833) in the other.

Writer and painter as tenant in the country house

Between 1844 and 1848 the Russian writer Wassily Andrejewitsch Joukovsky (Schukowski) (1783-1852) lived in the country house, where he translated Homer's Iliad . In the turmoil of the German Revolution , Joukovsky moved to Baden-Baden . Before that, Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Gogol , who was also active as a writer, lived with him for a short time in the villa .

In 1848 the painter Gerhardt von Reutern (1794–1865), Imperial Russian Lieutenant Colonel , moved into the villa with his wife Charlotte and their son Alexander. The family, who have been living on the banks of the Main since 1844, set up the first floor as an apartment. The ground floor and its rooms served as a studio for painters around Philipp Veit , who had to move out of the Deutsches Haus (mansion of the Teutonic Order ) in 1848 because it was used as barracks. Reutern's The Sacrifice of Isaac was created in the villa .

In 1851 - except for the unmarried Maria Anna Saltzwedel, all directly beneficiary heirs, guardians and spouses had died - the 12 still living of the 20 heirs of the second generation (branches: Burnitz / Schulz-Salzwedel) took possession of the properties in front of the Schaumaintor attest that the sale was prepared.

Information board about the residence of the poets Joukovsky and Gogol

.

The Metzler villa

Conversion to a city villa by Georg Friedrich Metzler

So-called. Schweizerhaus in the park of Villa Metzler, built in 1855

In 1851 a member of the Metzler banking family acquired the property and villa: Georg Friedrich Metzler (born March 13, 1806 - April 19, 1889).

  • In 1855 the so-called Schweizerhaus , a garden house (which is still standing), was built in half-timbered style with maple parquet in the park, where concerts and plays were held.
  • In 1863/65, Metzler had the mansards expanded in Baroque style by an architect from the Kayser family, the hipped roof was enlarged on all sides with heavy segmented gables and embellished in the middle with a viewing terrace ( Belvedere ), the rows of windows on the 1st floor were emphasized with segmented gables and move the entrance to the east side. The converted villa has been inhabited on four floors since then. Gates and bars, which are still there, but not the narrow pylons , were forged as detailed copies ( example ) of the Würzburg residence . The garden was transformed into an English style rose garden with a fountain. The lower part of the originally two-tier fountain was moved to the garden in the Metzlerchen Palais in Bonames before it was sold in 1932 . Among the most famous guests were King Wilhelm I , Otto von Bismarck and Emma Metzler (* May 18, 1827 - July 21, 1880), who with Wilhelm Peter (von) Metzler (* May 17, 1818 - May 9, 1904) ), the brother of Georg Friedrich Metzler, was married.

Home of the Schmidt-Metzler couple

  • In 1889, after the death of Georg Friedrich Metzler, the villa, park and the property on Schifferstraße remained in the possession of his sons Carl and Albert (von) Metzler for a long time , but for the next 43 years the villa was owned by their sister Mathilde Friederike Metzler (* February 15, 1840, † December 8, 1932), who lived with her husband (November 9, 1863), the doctor Johann Friedrich Moritz Schmidt-Metzler , b. Schmidt († March 15, 1828, † December 9, 1907) moved in. Schmidt-Metzler had a doctorate in medicine, had been a doctor at the Frankfurt Bürgerhospital since 1862 and also practiced in an outbuilding of his in-laws' house, Große Gallusstrasse 18, where he had previously lived with his wife. Schmidt-Metzler was appointed professor in 1892, after he was an accomplished laryngologist and crown prince Friedrich, the later Emperor Friedrich III. , had treated. When Schmidt-Metzler retired in 1902, he treated Kaiser Wilhelm II , which earned him and his wife the title of Excellency and the title of Real Privy Councilor . Schmidt-Metzler lived since he moved to the left bank of the Main near the Dreikönigskirche and was the so-called elder (community leader) there. When the Lukasgemeinde was established in Sachsenhausen in 1903 , the Schifferstrasse to the border and the Schaumainkai from house no. 11 belonged to the new parish , Schmidt-Metzler moved to the local church council and campaigned for the new construction of the Lukaskirche , which he did not see. His wife was present at the laying of the foundation stone. Schmidt-Metzler was the first chairman of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Frankfurt for many years and, since 1883, of Dr. Senckenberg Foundation .
  • In 1896 the 68th meeting of German naturalists and doctors was held in a pavilion. The no longer existing building was probably built for celebrations and music performances, when it was built is not known.

The park is to give way to the construction of roads

  • Around 1900 the southern third of the property - which corresponds to Mathilde Schmidt-Metzler's claim to inheritance - was sold to the Sachsenhausen couple Allgeier, built on by them and redeveloped through the expansion of Stegstrasse (for no. 34-40). One of the four sub-streets of the planning prescribed since 1872 was thus implemented. The Stegstraße was intended as the main connection between the Eiserner Steg and the (today's) Südbahnhof . The plan to divide the Metzler property with the new street lengthways and, by connecting to the parallel streets, crosswise failed due to the ongoing objections of other affected residents. The new piece of Stegstraße at the turn of the century became a dead end, house numbers 1-23 and 2-30 were not assigned and remained part of the park.
  • In 1907 the widow Mathilde Schmidt-Metzler continued to live in the villa. After the death of her brothers Carl (1835–1922) and Albert (1839–1918, banker) von Metzler, she became the sole owner of the property, including the adjacent property on Schifferstrasse (No. 63–69).

The house at home

Retirement home of the Marburg sisters

Mathilde Schmidt-Metzler sold her villa with park to the Marburg deaconesses in 1928, she stayed in the villa until her death in 1932 and died there at the age of 92 without children. The villa was converted into a retirement home and was named Haus Daheim . The Schweizerhaus was temporarily used as a chapel.

Parish hall of the Luke parish

In this room, redesigned in 2009, between 1944 and 1952 a. a. Church services of the Luke congregation take place. The altar stood between the windows.

The villa survived all air raids on Frankfurt am Main , including the devastating nights in March 1944. In the undestroyed house at home , services and events were held until the Lukas Church was rebuilt in 1952/3. The middle two rooms on the first floor were combined into a single room. The altar stood on the north wall. In this room found u. a. the Advent bazaars also take place. The liturgical devices that Mathilde Schmidt-Metzler's siblings had donated for the dedication of St. Luke's Church in 1913 were used for the services . The park between the villa and the Swiss house served as a playground for childcare. The communal kitchen in the south room / ground floor was a welcome address for those in need.

Plans for a hotel complex

In 1959, the villa was to be torn down and given way to the construction of a new high-rise hotel, which was prevented by citizen protests in agreement with the monument office.

Museum of the City of Frankfurt am Main

  • View from the Schaumainkai (from the northwest)

  • From the west, with a view of the cathedral , the technical town hall and the old Nikolaikirche

  • South view

  • Hill in the park from which passers-by were greeted on the Schaumainkai

Reconstruction and integration into a new museum building

  • In 1961 the property was sold to the city of Frankfurt am Main.
  • In 1965 the villa was made available as a handicraft museum ; Part of the art collection of Wilhelm Peter Metzler , a younger brother of the former owner, was included in the exhibition. The location turned out to be unacceptably cramped, and plans for an extension to include the neighboring property (see note 23) were maturing.
  • In 1985/87 the villa was connected to the newly constructed buildings by a passage and (re) opened as a museum for arts and crafts .
  • In 1996 (year of opening) part of the former area, Schifferstraße 63-69, was used for the new building of the Frankfurt old people's home Marthahaus , which was previously located at Schifferstraße 76, and for apartments in the Sachsenhausen hospital. It is no longer possible to pass through the park to Stegstrasse.
  • In 2000 the museum was renamed the Museum of Applied Arts Frankfurt . Since 2013 it has been called the Museum Angewandte Kunst.

The NEW villa

  • 2009: After several months of renovation, the salons on the ground floor were (re) opened for use for cultural events. The rooms on the two upper floors offer visitors nine style rooms from baroque to art nouveau .

particularities

Fountain in the park

Fountain in the museum park on Schaumainkai

Richard Meier designed a fountain for the park adjacent to the museum, based on the building plan of the new museum building he built in 1985. The black cube symbolizes the Villa Metzler, which is surrounded by the other parts of the building. The rows of fountains form axes, one of which connects the museums on the Schaumainkai in a dead straight line.

The three classicist villas on the banks of the Main in Frankfurt

The classicist villas still preserved on the banks of the Main with the names of the former owners:

literature

  • Wolfgang-Hagen Hein, Dietrich Andernacht : The garden of the pharmacist Peter Saltzwedel and Goethe's Ginkgo biloba . In: Annaliese Ohm / Horst Reber: Festschrift for Peter Wilhelm Meister for his 65th birthday on May 16, 1974. Hamburg 1975, pp. 303–311.
  • Christopher Henkel: Salzwedel, Peter. In: Wolfgang Klötzer (Ed.): Frankfurter Biographie . Personal history lexicon . Second volume. M – Z (=  publications of the Frankfurt Historical Commission . Volume XIX , no. 2 ). Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-7829-0459-1 , p. 239 .
  • Sabine Hock : Schmidt-Metzler (actually: Schmidt), Johann Friedrich Moritz . In: Wolfgang Klötzer (Ed.): Frankfurter Biographie . Personal history lexicon . Second volume. M – Z (=  publications of the Frankfurt Historical Commission . Volume XIX , no. 2 ). Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-7829-0459-1 , p. 313 .
  • Institute for City History Frankfurt: Burnitz, Rudolf, Baurat. Estate file, signed 1851/54; Saltzwedel, Maria Anna, single. Estate Act, 1854/320; Schmidt-Metzler, Johann Friedrich Moritz. Sign. S2 / 1411; Schmidt-Metzler, Mathilde . Sign. S2 / 4027; Schulz-Salzwedel, Johann Jacob, tradesman. Estate file, Sign 1845 / 7.551; Major currency book 1802f., P. 215 (this and all estate files in Sütterlin script ).
  • Karl Kiefer (Ed.): Frankfurter Blätter for Family Stories 5 (1912), Frankfurt am Main, pp. 136-137.
  • Anton Kirchner : Views of Frankfurt am Main and its surroundings . Frankfurt am Main 1818.
  • Karin Leydecker : Frankfurt shone. In: Jasmin Behrouzi-Rühl u. a. (Ed.): Frankfurt shines . The revitalization of the historic Villa Metzler on the Schaumainkai. Frankfurt am Main 2008, pp. 10-23.
  • Fried Lübbecke : The face of the city. According to Frankfurt's plans by Faber, Merian and Delkeskamp. 1552-1864. Frankfurt am Main 1952, pp. 141f.
  • Otto Schulz: The Frankfurt pharmacist family Salzwedel . In: Frankfurter Contributions 1933, pp. 58–64 (special edition).
  • Günther Vogt: Frankfurt town houses of the 19th century . A cityscape of classicism, Frankfurt am Main 1970, p. 290 u. Fig. P. 256, ISBN 3-797-30189-8 .

Web links

Commons : Villa Metzler  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Paulskirche and the Old City Library are examples of rebuilt classicist buildings in Frankfurt am Main ; Classicist garden buildings that, like the villas, survived the wars are the Willemer House , the Nebbiensche Garden House or, in the system ring, the former Ariadneum (today: Odeon) .
  2. ↑ The house of the pharmacy, Römerberg 40 / Neue Kräme 2, was replaced by a new building in 1753, which was removed in 1904 ( photo Römerberg 1904 ) to break through Braubachstrasse (Schulz: Apothekerfamilie , p. 58).
  3. ^ Schaumaintor , demolished in 1809.
  4. ↑ The size given by Leydecker: Frankfurt shined , p. 15: four acres of land, is imprecise (exact information can be found under notes on the map from 1852 ). The garden, located on the Glacier (embankment in front of a wall) at the Schaumaintor, between Oppenheimer Landstrasse and Main, was built on October 7, 1800 by master brewer Johann Melchior Müller and his wife Maria Elisabeth, nee. Graf, sold to Peter Salzwedel and his wife; the official, guaranteeing entry was made, probably after the remaining debt had been repaid, on October 26, 1802 (Major currency book 1802, no. 264, p. 215).
  5. ↑ Kirchner: Views , p. 31 note, and Hein / Andernacht: Garten , p. 305.
  6. ↑ Leydecker: Frankfurt shined , p. 16, and Hein / Andernacht: Garten , p. 305f.309f: Goethe met his lover in 1814 not far from the garden.
  7. ↑ Fig. In: Leydecker: Frankfurt shined , p. 16, which refuted the assumption that the country house originally had only two floors (Hein / Andernacht: Garten , p. 305, with a reference from the engraving by Johann Friedrich Morgenstern : Sachsenhausen from Unter-Main-Thor in Frankfurt a. M. (1825)).
  8. ^ Vogt: Bürgerhäuser , p. 290.
  9. ↑ She was married to Karl Friedrich Burnitz († 1833), lived in the house of the Burnitz siblings, Untermainkai 2, and was the mother of the later painter Carl Peter Burnitz (* 1824). The nine-year-old orphan Carl Peter continued to be looked after by his guardian and uncle Rudolf Burnitz in his parents' house. His late father's brother was also married to a daughter of the Salzwedel family (Maria Sophia).
  10. ↑ Johanna Karolina with husband Johann Jakob Schulz-Saltzwedel (1791–1845) lived in Große Bockenheimer Gasse or Straße 30, Carl Philip Hörle in the house of the Schwanen-Apotheke, Römerberg, where their son Philipp Peter also practiced as a surgeon; the Burnitz families lived on Untermainkai 2.
  11. ^ Wilhelm Dieter Vogel: The arabesque of the Lord of Reutern . In: Yearbook of the Free German Hochstift 1980, special edition, pp. 135–168, p. 168. After the change of ownership, Von Reutern moved to Hanauer Landstrasse 16 (later house number: 22), where he lived until his death.
  12. ^ Gerhard von Reutern: The painter Gerhard von Reutern 1794–1865. His art, his life, his family, his friends. O. O., o. J. (Berlin, around 1994; the author is a great-grandson of the painter).
  13. ↑ Auguste Wilhelmine Burnitz † 1831; Philipp Peter Hörle † 1843; Johann Jakob Schulz-Saltzwedel † 1845; Carl Philip Hörle † 1847; Maria Sophia Burnitz † 1849; Rudolf Burnitz † 1849. Anna Maria Saltzwedel set in 1844 the Burnitz nieces and nephews as heirs of their property.
  14. ↑ (Fig .: Otto Dereth: Gardens in old Frankfurt . Frankfurt am Main 1976, p. 207)
  15. ^ In the address book for Frankfurt am Main in 1910, Carl von Metzler was registered as the owner of the property Schaumainkai 11-13 (garden house and garden) and 15 (villa) and Albert von Metzler for Schifferstraße 63-67 (garden) and 69 (residential building) ; the house no longer stands, its grounds belong to the park of the villa (Fig .: Wolfgang Klötzer: Remembrance of Frankfurt . Würzburg 1999, p. 13 and p. 79). Mathilde's brothers Johann Georg Friedrich and Christian Wilhelm Benjamin died in childhood.
  16. ↑ He was the brother of Pauline , who was the model for Paulinchen in the children's book Struwwelpeter .
  17. ↑ Schmidt-Metzler had got to know the Berlin Cathedral and wanted to suggest a central building for the Lukaskirche as well, but this was not implemented in the later plans.
  18. ↑ a b Leydecker: Frankfurt shined , p. 21.
  19. ^ Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Municipal files of the city of Frankfurt, civil engineering office Az. I95. April 6, 1900, p. 83; Sign T931. In a plan from 1893 , the Stegstraße coming from the Main is even drawn in, although this section was never built.
  20. ↑ In 1910 a rose variety was named after her.
  21. ↑ The two brothers were allowed to bear the title of nobility since 1901.
  22. ↑ On the history of Marburg deaconesses
  23. ^ Leydecker: Frankfurt shined , p. 22.
  24. ^ The neighboring building at 17 Schaumainkai was destroyed. Alfons Paquet , the husband of the painter Marie Paquet-Steinhausen, was buried in the rubble . A makeshift office building was erected on this neighboring property, which was demolished in 1977 and was included in the plans for the new museum.
  25. ^ Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main: PIA-Collection files S6b-38 / Sign.165
  26. ↑ The Marthahaus ( Memento from July 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), originally at Schulstrasse 27, was donated by Mathilde Friedrike Metzler (Leydecker: Frankfurt Leuchtete , p. 21).
  27. ^ Sachsenhausen Hospital .
  28. ^ Architect: Johann Hess (Evelyn Hils: Johann Friedrich Christian Hess. City architect of classicism in Frankfurt am Main from 1816 to 1845, Studies on Frankfurt History, Vol. 24, pp. 179–181).
  29. ^ Vogt: Bürgerhäuser , p. 235; 247; 289