Golden lamb

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Replica of the Golden Lamb in May 2018
Main facade (left) on the street Hinter dem Lämmchen von Westen, 1910
(photography by Carl Andreas Abt )

The Goldene Lämmchen was an important exhibition center located in the heart of the old town of Frankfurt am Main between the cathedral and the Römer in the alley Hinter dem Lämmchen . Its origins go back to the late Middle Ages , but the most recently preserved buildings were mostly from the Baroque period . At the beginning of the 20th century, when Braubachstrasse was built , the structure was cut in half, and the remainder of the road was destroyed in the Second World War . As part of the Dom-Römer project , the golden lamb was reconstructed from 2014 to 2017 in its pre-war state.

location

Course of the Braubach and plot-specific representation of the area around the Golden Lammchen
( chromolithography by Friedrich August Ravenstein from 1862 with overlay based on Nahrgang 1949)

The complex consisted of two square courtyards, each almost completely enclosed by wing structures . These were located between Schnurgasse (now Berliner Straße ) in the north, Neugasse in the east, the street called Hinter dem Lämmchen in the south and the Nürnberger Hof in the west. The northern courtyard was accessible via the house at Neugasse 3 , the southern courtyard and, since it was preserved until 1944, the more well-known southern courtyard via the building Hinter dem Lämmchen 6 .

The northern courtyard was bordered by the Braubach , a tributary of the Main that silted up in the first Christian millennium , as can be clearly seen from an eaves running horizontally along its north side . In the old town area, this roughly followed the course of today's street of the same name . The city's first city wall in front of it , which, according to the current state of research, was built around the year 1000 at the time of the Ottonian rulers, it served as a natural moat in front of it. The facility was still located within the city's oldest fortification ring.

The Goldene Lämmchen, which was rebuilt from 2014 to 2018, is located between its two neighbors, Alter Esslinger, in the east (Hinter dem Lämmchen 4) and Klein Nürnberg in the west (Hinter dem Lämmchen 8).

history

middle Ages

A house at Zum Lämmchen can be traced back to the 14th century. After Alexander Dietz, the name comes from the Gadenmann, a cloth merchant who worked in a shop, named Johannes Lämmchen , who immigrated from Anröchte near Arnsburg, which no longer exists today . It was first mentioned in a document in 1332, lived in the house mentioned from 1354 and was last mentioned in 1358.

Golden Lammchen as an eaves building on the street of the same name with a recognizable inner courtyard, 1628
( copper engraving by Matthäus Merian the Elder )

From 1361 the Dietz family continued to be owned by Hans zu Lüneburg , an extremely wealthy wine and metal merchant for his time , who had become a Frankfurt citizen in 1343 and a council member a little later. After his death in 1396 it went to his brother Henne , who died in 1410. After that the house became property of the patrician family Weiß in an unknown way, documents indicate an inheritance . Through the marriage of Agnes Weiß zum Lämmchen to Wolf Blum , one of the most important merchants of the 15th century in the city, in 1431 , the farm came to his family, who owned it for two generations until 1500. While the Blum family seems to have maintained the Falkenstein house on Fahrgasse at the corner of Predigergasse as the headquarters of the Blum company since 1441 , Georg Blum , one of Wolf's younger sons, probably lived here, who died in Venice in 1491 . All of the aforementioned documents refer to the house on the street Hinter dem Lämmchen , which was known in the Middle Ages as Esslinger- or Glauburgergasse . The modern designation seems to have prevailed according to corresponding documentary mentions from the second half of the 16th century, when the Nuremberg court that came up to it was no longer owned by the Glauburg family . The northern part of the Lammchen on the Neugasse is not known until 1494 as "Husung zum Lempchin zum alten Esslinger next to the Eckehuss zum Esslinger and the Huss in Nuwengasse next to the gate, so we call it the Hoff im Lempchin inforet" .

Little is known about the structural scope and condition of this period. It is certain that there were two houses on the plot in the 14th century. The eastern building, right next to the Alter Esslinger house ( Hinter dem Lämmchen 4 ), was the Gisenheimer house , first mentioned in 1368 , and next to it was the actual Zum Lämmchen house . Both buildings are mentioned separately in documents in 1438 and 1444, from 1444 only the Zum Lammchen house is mentioned . Therefore, in the sense of a terminus post quem 1438–1444, but no later than 1444, a reconstruction or even a complete new building must have taken place. This coincides satisfactorily with the independent tradition of the new owners from 1431, so that the builders can be seen in Wolf Blum and Agnes Weiß zum Lämmchen .

It is uncertain whether the buildings of the Middle Ages already had one or two inner courtyards and similar floor plans as the complex, which was handed down until 1904 or 1944. The first accurate representation of the city by Matthäus Merian the Elder. Ä. from 1628 leaves a two-storey traufständigen recognize building, which extends over a arkadiertes open ground to a inner courtyard. A large archway is indicated on the north side of the inner courtyard, which possibly led into the second, northern courtyard of the complex. However, this is not clearly recognizable because of the weaknesses of the plan.

Early modern age

House Madonna on console with heraldic shields, around 1896
(photography by Carl Friedrich Fay )
View from the gateway to the south inner courtyard to the west, on the left the rear of the main house at Hinter dem Lämmchen , 1856
( watercolor by Carl Theodor Reiffenstein )
Lammchenbrunnen from 1755, around 1896
(photography by Carl Friedrich Fay )

Who the house and yard went to after the end of the Blum era at the beginning of the early modern period has not been passed down directly, there are only indications . They suggest that there were mostly several owners, which is hardly surprising given the extensive family ties to which Alexander Dietz explicitly refers. 1537 brought according to a prenuptial agreement Lucrecia Stalburg , a daughter of the wealthy patrician , aldermen and councilors Claus Stalburg and his wife Margaret of the Rhine , when she married Jerome Glauburg , a native of the city from one of the most important noble families, the house or share it with in marriage.

A late Gothic Madonna , which stood on a console with two coats of arms , was attached to the southwest corner of the first floor facing the street until 1911 and was then replaced by a copy. The sculpture and console have been preserved in the depot of the Historisches Museum Frankfurt and are estimated to date from around 1460, which brings them noticeably closer to the aforementioned comprehensive renovation or new construction of the house.

A certain contradiction to this is that Carl Theodor Reiffenstein recognized one of the coats of arms in the 19th century as that of the von Rhein family , while he described the other as “two black knives on a gold background” . This is neither the obvious coat of arms of the Blum or Weiß families nor that of the Stalburg or Glauburg families .

Reiffenstein pointed out the possibility that the coat of arms might have been falsified or painted over in the course of later restorations compared to its original appearance. The wedding of Claus Stalburg and his wife as one from the Rhine in 1499 would at least coincide with the end of the Blum era a year later. According to Fried Lübbecke , the coat of arms was "once painted with that of the Glauburg patrician family who owned the house" , but it seems to be confused with the neighboring Nürnberger Hof , which in its southern part was once owned by the aforementioned family and named after them. Regardless of which family it actually was, it can be said in summary that the complex remained in the possession of the socially and economically most prominent Frankfurt families. During the reconstruction of the building, the coat of arms of the Weiß von Limburg families (to which Agnes Weiß probably did not belong) and - heraldically left - Blum were attached.

Due to the lack of edited sources or monographs, there is no reliable and, above all, coherent tradition of the owners for the further history . In 1567 the court is mentioned in the will of Craft Stalburg , a son of Claus Stalburg . Again from the marriage contract of a wedding in the highest circles, namely between Hans Hainrich Brom , the son of the patricians Jeremias and Ursula Brom , and Anna , daughter of Martin Reichhart , the eldest lawyer at the Reich Chamber Court , and Euphrosina Reichhart née. Silberborner von Worms , it emerges that the latter brought the house or shares in it into the marriage in 1587. On the other hand, the building is mentioned in 1594 as the property of an inheritance without its members being named.

Around 1693, according to an inscription with the year above an archway on the massive ground floor of the north wing and their similar design, the wing buildings of the south courtyard were rebuilt in the Baroque style . The late Gothic front building was probably no longer considered representative due to its old age, which is why this role now fell to the new north wing. With its high two full storeys (instead of the three of the west wing), an elaborate tail gable to the courtyard and stucco ceilings on the upper floor, it was clearly shown as such.

It was not until around 1755 that the front building on Hinter dem Lämmchen 9 was rebuilt in the rococo style. In addition to the criticism of style, a fountain once located in the alley, crowned by a gilded lamb standing in a rococo cartouche , speaks for this dating . The fountain column was later moved to the back of the house at Markt 36 / Hinter dem Lämmchen 9 as a traffic obstacle , where it survived until the Second World War was completely destroyed . The fountain had an inscription dated to 1755, so that, due to its reference to the house name and the stone carvings that are almost identical to those of the new front building, it must have been built in direct chronological relation to it.

Another, similarly designed fountain was built in the northern inner courtyard, which underlines its belonging to the complex at that time. In addition to the Gothic Madonna taken over from the previous building, a house sign was placed between two windows of the new front building - a lamb in a rocaille in front of a post mill , underneath the inscription Zum Gulden Lämgen . The iconography of this depiction, especially of the mill, has not yet been resolved with certainty. If the house was previously mentioned in documents without the attribution of guilders , the designation as the golden lamb gradually gained acceptance due to the house sign.

Nothing is known directly about the builders. In 1691, the trader Kaspar Clausius and his wife Anna Maria sold a dwelling that, according to the document, had previously belonged to the Lammchen , but was now separated from the latter and went out on Neugasse . This meant the northern part of the courtyard. Conversely, the rest of the court should still have belonged to Kaspar Clausius and his wife, which brings them close to the construction date of 1693. Nothing similar in time has been handed down for the construction project in 1755; according to a neighborhood contract, Senator Johann Christian Mühl was the owner of the house in 1786 .

A plan from 1910 provides the layout of the facility from 1755 as the prototype of a Frankfurt exhibition center . The front building, Hinter dem Lämmchen 6, was a three-storey half-timbered building with a two-storey mansard roof on a massive ground floor . In addition to the gateway located in the easternmost axis, the ground floor was broken through by six similarly designed portals, each with a three-part door leaf, skylight grilles and agraffes in the rich style of the time. Outgrew no less elaborately designed from the intervening pillars with circular plastic mirrors corbels , which mediated the projection of the upper floor. These each had ten windows coupled in pairs, the attic storeys on the first floor five, on the second four dormers roughly following the vertical structure given by the windows .

The equally massive, partly vaulted ground floors of the wing buildings of the southern courtyard were used to store the goods. The upper floors were divided into a conspicuous multitude of small, almost equally large apartments, in which the merchants from all over Europe who had come to the fair were accommodated. The open galleries facing the courtyard were fitted with sliding shutters, which gave trade fair visitors the choice between the privacy of their accommodation and participation in the market and trade fair events in the courtyard. Such a form of furnishing and leasing generated the owners of the real estate, mostly the Frankfurt upper class, in the four measurement weeks per year a multiple of the income that a master craftsman earned in the whole year.

  • Floor plans, 1910

  • ground floor

  • First floor

Modern times

North-west corner of the courtyard with the north and west wing converging, around 1896
(photography by Carl Friedrich Fay )
North-east corner of the courtyard with the later installation of the 19th century, around 1896
(photography by Carl Friedrich Fay )
Schematic representation of the street opening in the old town from 1862 with additions until 1944
( chromolithography by Friedrich August Ravenstein )

With the end of the Old Empire in 1806, Frankfurt am Main no longer assumed the role of the electoral and coronation site of the Roman-German emperors . The trade fair business had already lost its importance since the 18th century, mainly due to competition from Leipzig , and social and economic life was increasingly shifting from the old town to today's inner city . After all, the industrial revolution and the abolition of compulsory guilds also meant the end of the traditional handicrafts that were based in the old town, while the city's population grew enormously.

Since residential construction could not keep up with this development, the aristocratic and patrician dwellings as well as the old exhibition grounds sank to workers' quarters, whose owners, who often no longer even lived in the city, invested less and less in structural maintenance. Address books from the 19th and early 20th centuries show the Goldene Lämmchen accordingly - with an owner from Kassel - as the place of residence of people with low qualifications. A shed-like and unsuitable structure in the east of the courtyard or in front of the basement exit of the north wing, which can be seen in photos from the turn of the century before last, may have come from this period of decline.

Following the example of Georges-Eugène Haussmann , the city planner of Paris , from the middle of the 19th century new streets were increasingly being built in the historic city center of Frankfurt. In addition to traffic-related considerations, they also acted in the belief that they could improve the aforementioned conditions in the old building quarters. Instead, the road breakthroughs, especially in the period before the First World War, only worsened the housing shortage due to the lack of affordable alternatives.

While the aforementioned measures had largely spared the oldest part of the old town to date, the breakthrough in Braubachstrasse and Domstrasse in 1904–1906 represented an all the more difficult intervention in its structure, which had to give way to around 150 houses, many of which date back to the Middle Ages. However, considerations relating to the preservation of monuments hardly played a role at that time. The Goldene Lammchen was also affected: the northern part of the courtyard was in the middle of the axis of the new Braubachstrasse , while the southern part of the courtyard was cut at least in the north.

In contrast to other important exhibition centers, the structure of which was largely destroyed, such as the Nürnberger Hof and the Rebstock farm on the market , an integrative approach was chosen for the Goldener Lammchen . The historic north wing was carefully demolished, the northern part of the courtyard, which was probably classified as less important from the point of view of the time and which has not even been photographed, as well as the installation in the north-east corner of the courtyard, which possibly contained the remains of a former east wing, was demolished without replacement. Subsequently, the new building at Braubachstrasse 27 was built in 1909–1911 based on a design by the architect Hermann Senf , roughly on the site of the north wing .

While its facade on Braubachstrasse was designed in historicizing , but at the time modern forms of the reform style, the rear was an extensive copy of the historic courtyard facade of the north wing. In addition, it was given a passage on the ground floor to get from the inner courtyard to the new Braubachstrasse . The east wing was not rebuilt in order to instead expand the courtyard to the east and to reveal the rear of the neighboring house, Hinter dem Lämmchen 4 , exposed by the demolitions . At the same time, the then completely dilapidated front building Hinter dem Lämmchen 6 was restored, with an old-style porch behind the gate and a rear stair tower , probably to make it independent of the new north wing in terms of access.

In March 1944, Allied air raids practically destroyed the entire old town of Frankfurt. The historical parts of the courtyard were completely burned, even the massive ground floors mostly burst in the heat. The turn-of-the-century buildings on Braubachstrasse survived the firestorm sparked by incendiary bombs largely unscathed. After the war, almost all of them were rebuilt, albeit simplified, including the house at Braubachstrasse 27 . When the city ​​council decided to build the technical town hall on the site in 1969 , the last remnants of the golden lamb had to give way as part of the foundation work .

reconstruction

Inner courtyard of the golden lamb
Courtyard side of the house at Braubachstrasse 29
House Madonna at the reconstructed building

Following the decision to demolish the Technical Town Hall , which was decided in 2007 and largely completed in 2010, 15 buildings considered to be historically significant were reconstructed on the 7000 square meter area between the cathedral and the Römer, true to the original and on the historic floor plan of the district , as part of the Dom-Römer project . The reconstructions comply with modern building regulations and are therefore referred to as creative replicas . 20 more new buildings were built in adapted modern forms according to strict design regulations .

The golden lamb was one of the replicas . The houses at Braubachstrasse 27 and 29 were to be designed as modern new buildings. An architectural competition for Braubachstrasse 27 was won by Eckert Negwer Suselbeek, and for Braubachstrasse 29 by Bernd Albers architects from Berlin . As in the previous building, the courtyard side is an extensive copy of the facade from 1693.

The front building, Hinter dem Lämmchen 6, and the associated components including the west wing are a reconstruction of the pre-war state financed by the city of Frankfurt am Main and which the engineer and architect Claus Giel from Dieburg was commissioned to do . The completion of the construction work was planned for 2016, but was delayed in the course of the project. The exterior of the building was completed at the end of 2017. The area has been open to the public again since May 9, 2018, and the opening took place at the end of September 2018 as part of a three-day festival.

Archives and literature

Archival material

Institute for City History

  • Holdings of Glauburg files, signature 12.
  • Existing house documents, signature 1.418 u. 1,422.
  • Holdings Holzhausen documents, signatures 907 a. 1,057.
  • Holdings of the Stalburg archive: documents, signature 176.

literature

  • Johann Georg Battonn : Local description of the city of Frankfurt am Main - Volume III. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1864 ( online ), pp. 118, 119 u. 129-133.
  • Thomas Bauer: Rooms, chambers and heavenly beds: The accommodation of trade fair guests in Frankfurt am Main. In: Patricia Stahl (Ed.): Bridge between the Nations - On the history of the Frankfurt fair. Volume II: Contributions to the history of the Frankfurt fair. Historisches Museum / Union Druckerei und Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-89282-019-8 , pp. 299–307.
  • Hartwig Beseler, Niels Gutschow: War fates of German architecture. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume II: South. Panorama Verlag, Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-926642-22-X , pp. 802-804 u. 825.
  • Karl Bücher : The professions of the city of Frankfurt a. M. in the Middle Ages. BG Teubner, Leipzig 1914 ( XXX. Volume of the Treatises of the Philological-Historical Class of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences, No. III ).
  • Olaf Cunitz : Urban redevelopment in Frankfurt am Main 1933–1945. Final thesis to obtain the Magister Artium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty 08 History / Historical Seminar, 1996 ( online ).
  • Alexander Dietz : Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte - Volume I. Herman Minjon Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1910.
  • Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Volkmar Hepp, Björn Wissenbach, Peter Bierling: Planning area Dom - Römer. Documentation old town. City Planning Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 2006 ( online ), pp. 20, 21, 24, 39, 44 and 45.
  • Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Björn Wissenbach: Planning area Dom - Römer. Spolia of the old town 1. Documentation of the original components of Frankfurt town houses stored in the Historical Museum. Urban Planning Office, Frankfurt am Main 2008 ( online ( Memento from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive )).
  • Carl Friedrich Fay, Carl Friedrich Mylius , Franz Rittweger, Fritz Rupp : Pictures from the old Frankfurt am Main. According to nature. Verlag von Carl Friedrich Fay, Frankfurt am Main 1896–1911, text on plates 5 in volume 1, 22 in volume 2 and 165 in volume 14.
  • Richard Froning: Frankfurt Chronicles and Annalistic Records of the Middle Ages. Carl Jügel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1884.
  • Georg Hartmann , Fried Lübbecke : Old Frankfurt. A legacy. Verlag Sauer and Auvermann KG, Glashütten / Taunus 1971.
  • Hans Körner, Andreas Hansert: Frankfurt patricians. Historical-genealogical handbook of the noble inheritance of the Alten-Limpurg house in Frankfurt am Main. Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch 2003, ISBN 3-7686-5177-0 .
  • Georg Friedrich Krug: Address book from Frankfurt a. M. with Bockenheim, Bornheim, Oberrad and Niederrad. 1877. Publishing and printing by Mahlau & Waldschmidt, Frankfurt am Main 1877.
  • Hans Lohne: Frankfurt around 1850. Based on watercolors and descriptions by Carl Theodor Reiffenstein and the painterly plan by Friedrich Wilhelm Delkeskamp . Waldemar Kramer Verlag , Frankfurt am Main 1967, ISBN 3-7829-0015-4 , pp. 144-147.
  • Karl Nahrgang : The Frankfurt old town. A historical-geographical study. Waldemar Kramer publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 1949.
  • Siegfried Nassauer: What the Frankfurt fountains tell. An illustrated chronicle. Verlag der Goldsteinschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1921, pp. 447–453.
  • Heinz Schomann : The old Frankfurt fountain. Verlag Dieter Fricke GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 1981, ISBN 3-88184-022-2 , p. 86 u. 87.
  • Magnus Wintergerst: Franconofurd. Volume I. The findings of the Carolingian-Ottonian Palatinate from the Frankfurt old town excavations 1953–1993. Archaeological Museum Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-88270-501-9 ( Writings of the Archaeological Museum Frankfurt 22/1).

Web links

Commons : Goldenes Lammchen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Behind the little lamb 6 “Goldenes lamb”. In: Dom Römer. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .
  2. ^ Karl Nahrgang: The Frankfurt old town. A historical-geographical study. Waldemar Kramer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1949, p. 10 (footnote); after pollen analyzes and archaeological finds of the oxbow lakes of the Rhine and Neckar.
  3. ^ Karl Nahrgang: The Frankfurt old town. A historical-geographical study. Waldemar Kramer publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 1949, p. 13.
  4. ↑ Magnus Wintergerst: Franconofurd. Volume I. The findings of the Carolingian-Ottonian Palatinate from the Frankfurt old town excavations 1953–1993. Archaeological Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-88270-501-9 ( Writings of the Archaeological Museum Frankfurt 22/1), pp. 95–98.
  5. ^ Karl books : The professions of the city of Frankfurt a. M. in the Middle Ages. BG Teubner, Leipzig 1914 ( XXX. Volume of the Treatises of the Philological-Historical Class of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences No III ), p. 48.
  6. ↑ Alexander Dietz : Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte - Volume I. Herman Minjon Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1910, p. 158.
  7. ↑ Alexander Dietz: Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte - Volume I. Herman Minjon Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1910, p. 164.
  8. ↑ Alexander Dietz: Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte - Volume I. Herman Minjon Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1910, p. 172.
  9. ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, inventory Glauburg files, signature 12.
  10. ↑ Richard Froning: Frankfurter Chroniken and annalistic records of the Middle Ages. Carl Jügel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1884, p. 417; according to the family tree of the Blum family.
  11. ↑ Alexander Dietz: Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte - Volume I. Herman Minjon Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1910, pp. 262-265.
  12. ↑ Michael Matthäus: The Ugelheimer family - trade and patriciate in Frankfurt , in: Behind the parchment: the world. The Frankfurt merchant Peter Ugelheimer and the art of illumination in the Venice of the Renaissance . Exhibition catalog Dommuseum Frankfurt 2018, published by Christoph Winterer Hirmer Verlag, Munich 2018, p. 13.
  13. ↑ Alexander Dietz: Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte - Volume I. Herman Minjon Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1910, p. 208.
  14. ↑ Johann Georg Battonn : Slave Narratives Frankfurt - Volume III. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1864 ( online ), p. 129.
  15. ↑ Johann Georg Battonn: Slave Narratives Frankfurt - Volume III. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1864 ( online ), p. 168 u. 169.
  16. ↑ Johann Georg Battonn: Slave Narratives Frankfurt - Volume III. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1864 ( online ), p. 119.
  17. ↑ Johann Georg Battonn: Slave Narratives Frankfurt - Volume III. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1864 ( online ), p. 131.
  18. ↑ Alexander Dietz: Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte - Volume I. Herman Minjon Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1910, p. 267.
  19. ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, holdings of Holzhausen documents, signature 907.
  20. ^ Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Björn Wissenbach: Planning area Dom - Römer. Spolia of the old town 1. Documentation of the original components of Frankfurt town houses stored in the Historical Museum. Urban Planning Office, Frankfurt am Main 2008, p. 10 u. 11. ( online ( memento of February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ))
  21. ^ A b Hans Lohne: Frankfurt around 1850. Based on watercolors and descriptions by Carl Theodor Reiffenstein and the painterly plan by Friedrich Wilhelm Delkeskamp. Waldemar Kramer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1967, ISBN 3-7829-0015-4 , p. 144.
  22. ↑ Hans grains Andreas Hansert: Frankfurt patrician. Historical-genealogical handbook of the noble inheritance of the Alten-Limpurg house in Frankfurt am Main. Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch 2003, ISBN 3-7686-5177-0 , p. 95 u. 379.
  23. ↑ a b Georg Hartmann, Fried Lübbecke: Alt-Frankfurt. A legacy. Verlag Sauer and Auvermann KG, Glashütten / Taunus 1971, p. 120.
  24. ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, holdings of the Stalburg Archive: documents, call number 176.
  25. ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, holdings of Holzhausen documents, signature 1.057.
  26. ↑ Johann Georg Battonn: Slave Narratives Frankfurt - Volume III. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1864 ( online ), p. 130.
  27. ^ Siegfried Nassauer: What the Frankfurter Brunnen tell. An illustrated chronicle. Verlag der Goldsteinschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1921, p. 451.
  28. ^ A b Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Volkmar Hepp, Björn Wissenbach, Peter Bierling: Planning area Dom - Römer. Documentation old town. City Planning Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 2006, p. 44. ( online ; PDF; 14.8 MB)
  29. ↑ Heinz Schomann: The old Frankfurt fountains. Verlag Dieter Fricke GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 1981, ISBN 3-88184-022-2 , p. 86 u. 87.
  30. ^ Carl Friedrich Fay, Carl Friedrich Mylius, Franz Rittweger, Fritz Rupp: Pictures from the old Frankfurt am Main. According to nature. Verlag von Carl Friedrich Fay, Frankfurt am Main 1896–1911, text on plate 165 in issue 14.
  31. ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, collection of house documents, signature 1.418.
  32. ↑ Certificate in the Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main, collection of house documents, signature 1.422.
  33. ↑ Thomas Bauer: Rooms, chambers and heavenly beds: The accommodation of trade fair guests in Frankfurt am Main. In: Patricia Stahl (Ed.): Bridge between the Nations - On the history of the Frankfurt fair. Volume II: Contributions to the history of the Frankfurt fair. Historisches Museum / Union Druckerei und Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-89282-019-8 , pp. 299-302.
  34. ^ Olaf Cunitz: Urban redevelopment in Frankfurt am Main 1933-1945. Final thesis for obtaining the Magister Artium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty 08 History / Historical Seminar, 1996 ( online ), pp. 11–16.
  35. ^ Georg Friedrich Krug: Address book from Frankfurt a. M. with Bockenheim, Bornheim, Oberrad and Niederrad. 1877. Publishing and printing by Mahlau & Waldschmidt, Frankfurt am Main 1877, p. 569 u. 570.
  36. ^ Olaf Cunitz: Urban redevelopment in Frankfurt am Main 1933-1945. Final thesis for obtaining the Magister Artium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty 08 History / History Seminar, 1996 ( online ), pp. 18–23.
  37. ^ Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Volkmar Hepp, Björn Wissenbach, Peter Bierling: Planning area Dom - Römer. Documentation old town. City Planning Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 2006, p. 22. ( online ; PDF; 14.8 MB)
  38. ^ Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Volkmar Hepp, Björn Wissenbach, Peter Bierling: Planning area Dom - Römer. Documentation old town. City Planning Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 2006, p. 39 u. 45. ( online ; PDF; 14.8 MB)
  39. ^ Hartwig Beseler, Niels Gutschow: Kriegsschicksale Deutscher Architektur. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume II: South. Panorama Verlag, Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-926642-22-X , p. 825.
  40. ^ Hartwig Beseler, Niels Gutschow: Kriegsschicksale Deutscher Architektur. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume II: South. Panorama Verlag, Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-926642-22-X , pp. 802-804.
  41. ^ Dietrich-Wilhelm Dreysse, Volkmar Hepp, Björn Wissenbach, Peter Bierling: Planning area Dom - Römer. Documentation old town. City Planning Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 2006, House 11 (p. 44f.) ( Online ; PDF; 14.8 MB)
  42. ↑ Braubachstrasse 27. In: Dom Römer. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .
  43. ↑ Braubachstrasse 29. In: Dom Römer. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 39.8 ″  N , 8 ° 41 ′ 0.5 ″  E