Neue Mainzer Strasse
| Neue Mainzer Strasse | |
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| “Bankenklamm” in Neue Mainzer Straße | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Frankfurt am Main |
| District | Downtown |
| Created | 1810 |
| Connecting roads | Untermainbrücke (south), Hochstraße (north) |
| Cross streets | Willy-Brandt-Platz , Kaiserstraße , Taunustor, Junghofstraße, Opernplatz |
| Buildings | Municipal stages , Eurotower , Japan Center , Main Tower , Eurotheum , Taunusturm |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 920 m |
The Neue Mainzer Straße in Frankfurt am Main is part of the system ring and, as a highly frequented connecting road, leads traffic from Sachsenhausen from the Untermainbrücke around the western area of the city center towards Opernplatz . To the north of this, the Hochstraße forms the direct continuation in the direction of Eschenheimer Tor .
Neue Mainzer Straße was built from 1809 after the razing of the Frankfurt city wall , the course of which it marks between the former Mainz bulwark and the Bockenheimer Tor . In the first half of the 19th century a preferred residential area for the Frankfurt upper class, it changed from around 1870 to a shopping street with the breakthrough of Junghofstrasse and Kaiserstrasse and the construction of the Untermainbrücke. As early as 1929 it was referred to as the bank gorge in a newspaper article . With a few exceptions were the classical part, some founder-temporal constructions in the Second World War in the air raids on Frankfurt destroyed 1944th
Today, the street canyon of Neue Mainzer Strasse, lined with skyscrapers on both sides, forms the center of Frankfurt's banking district .
location
Neue Mainzer Straße begins at the northern bridgehead of the Untermainbrücke. On Maintor -Gelände along it extends approximately in a north-westerly direction. At the level of the Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt , it cuts the eastern edge of Willy-Brandt-Platz at the confluence of Friedensstrasse / Weißfrauenstrasse. To the north of it it crosses Kaiserstraße in its course from the main train station to Roßmarkt and crosses Große Gallusstraße at the Taunustor . At the level of the former Junghof bulwark , the road makes a sharp bend of almost 90 degrees to the northeast. After the junction with Junghofstrasse , it continues to the junction with Goethestrasse at Opernplatz and turns into Hochstrasse , which leads along the Bockenheimer facility to Eschenheimer Tor.
Surname
Neue Mainzer Straße got its name from the Mainz bulwark , a particularly strong defensive structure built in 1520 to protect the south-western corner bastion of the city wall, which met the bank of the Main at this point . After the cutting mills operated here , which received their water from a mill ditch, the bastion was also called cutting wall. As the last part of the former city fortifications, demolition began in 1809, which dragged on until 1818. The new quay wall was created from the ashlars of the cutting wall, in front of which city gardener Sebastian Rinz around 1860 a green area with exotic plants that Nice laid out.
traffic
Neue Mainzer Straße is now a busy one-way street in a northerly direction. Originally a quiet residential street, the volume of traffic increased significantly from 1839 with the construction of the Frankfurt West Train Stations. Initially, the only cross streets were Weißfrauenstrasse at the Gallustor and the Große Gallusstrasse at the Taunustor, which had to accommodate all of the inner-city traffic from and to the west. As early as 1860, the number of passengers traveling on the Main-Neckar Railway rose to over a million a year. In order to cope with the traffic to the new train stations, new road openings to the city center were built in 1860 with Junghofstrasse and in 1874 with upper Kaiserstrasse .
Today, Neue Mainzer Strasse between Willy-Brandt-Platz and Taunustor is one of the busiest streets in downtown Frankfurt, with an average traffic load of over 25,000 vehicles on working days. Around 16,000 to 18,000 vehicles run on the remaining sections every working day.
tram
On June 16, 1882, the Frankfurt tram company opened a horse-drawn tram line from Opernplatz via Neue Mainzer Strasse and the Untermainbrücke to Sachsenhausen . On April 10, 1899, the route , which has since become the property of the municipal tram , was electrified as the first Frankfurt tram line.
As early as the 1920s, there were regular traffic jams on Neue Mainzer Strasse. In 1929, a Frankfurt journalist referred to it as Frankfurter Thermopylae und Bankenklamm , a street that is still used today.
On May 21, 1955, the tram service in the Neue Mainzer Strasse north of the Theaterplatz (today Willy-Brandt-Platz) ended. The reconstruction after the Second World War pursued the goal of a car-friendly city , in which individual traffic was given priority over public passenger traffic; this no longer allowed parallel operation of the tram next to the traffic in the narrow street.
In the southern part the tram ran over the Untermainbrücke until October 11, 1986.
The so-called old town route crosses at Willy-Brandt-Platz , on which lines 11 and 12 as well as the Ebbelwei-Express run. From 1889 to 1950 there was also a tram crossing at the level of Kaiserstraße, then the rails were moved to Große Gallusstraße. With the opening of the S-Bahn in 1978, operations on this route ended. The streetcar crossing Opernplatz / Goethestrasse at the northern end of Neue Mainzer Strasse existed from 1882 to 1986.
U- and S-Bahn
Neue Mainzer Straße is linked to the city rail network at both the northern and southern ends by the Willy-Brandt-Platz and Opernplatz stations. At Willy-Brandt-Platz crossing since 1974. main line A , which continues from here since 1984 Mainz under the new road towards Sachsenhausen, and the main line B . At Opernplatz, trunk line C has crossed Neue Mainzer Strasse since 1986 . In addition, the main line of the Rhein-Main S-Bahn crosses the Freßgass .
History, individual buildings
( steel engraving by Jakob Ludwig August Buhl based on a template by Jakob Fürchtegott Dielmann )
In 1809, city architect Johann Georg Christian Hess issued city building regulations in which he laid down classicism as a binding architectural style. In future, all houses had to be built in simple, symmetrical forms. The architectural elements previously characteristic of Frankfurt - steep gable roofs , dwelling houses , overhangs, bay windows and mansards - were banned. On the site of the former city walls of the city gardeners put Sebastian Rinz public green spaces , which by 1827 since Wallservitut are protected from development.
Only the parcels along the inner ramparts were built on on both sides from 1809. In 1811, the western Wallstraße between Schneidwall and Bockenheimer Tor was named Neue Mainzer Straße . In quick succession, the new buildings were built by renowned architects such as Nicolas Alexandre Salins de Montfort , city architect Johann Friedrich Christian Hess and Friedrich Rumpf for the wealthiest and most respected citizens of the Free City of Frankfurt . Among them are the families Andreae , Bernus, Brentano , du Fay, Grunelius , Guaita , Hauck, Jordan de Rouville , Mülhens, Metzler, Passavant , Rothschild and von Saint George . From 1852 to 1858 Otto von Bismarck lived at Neue Mainzer Strasse No. 23. During this time, he was the Prussian envoy to the Bundestag .
House number 49/51
The first new building was the house of the host Lippert (Neue Mainzer Straße 49/51). After it belonged to the Thurn und Taxis Oberpostmeister Freiherr von Vrints-Treuenfeld for a long time , in 1829 it became the property of the Städel Art Institute . Friedrich Maximilian Hessemer converted the house into an art museum. After the Städel moved into its new building on the south bank of the Main in 1878, the Polytechnic Society acquired the building and added an extension to it, which the Frankfurter Sparkasse moved into in 1822 . The Polytechnic Society taught in her home in 1881, the Museum of Decorative Arts , off the today's Museum Applied Art emerged.
House number 54
Friedrich Rumpf built this house in 1819 for the banker Jordan de Rouville, who sold it to Elector Wilhelm II in 1833 . He lived in the Jordansche Palais with his morganatic wife , Countess Emilie von Reichenbach-Lessonitz until her death in 1843. After the elector had remarried, the palace came into the possession of Luise von Bose, the eldest daughter of the elector and the countess Reichenbach -Lessonitz. In 1883 she bequeathed it to the Senckenberg Natural Research Society , which established its administration here. In the 20th century, the management of the municipal theaters was located here until the building was destroyed in 1944 .
House number 55
House No. 55 is the only classicist building still in existence on Neue Mainzer Straße. It was built in 1830 as the parent company of the Pfeiffer-Belli family . With its simple, unadorned forms, it is characteristic of the time it was built. The decorative elements on the roof and gable come from a renovation in the 1960s. The building was used by the Merck Finck & Co bank .
House number 57
The house designed by Salins de Montfort for Lulu Brentano was on the western side of the street just before the bend. It later came into the possession of the du Fay family, later it was acquired by the entrepreneur Paul Adolf Hirsch . In the long side wing along the former Junghof bulwark, he set up an important music library in 1896, which eventually comprised around 20,000 volumes. The library's concert hall was the focus of numerous social events in Frankfurt, e. B. the Stravinsky Festival in 1925 and the conference of the International Society for New Music in 1927. Bruno Walter and Ludwig Rottenberg were among Hirsch's circle of friends . When he was forced to move to Cambridge in 1936, Hirsch was able to take his library with him. It has belonged to the British Museum since 1946 . The garden of the palace housed the Schweizerhäuschen , a popular café , until 1950 . Today the garden belongs to the Taunusanlage . The Beethoven monument to Georg Kolbes is located here .
House number 59
The adjoining house No. 59, also designed by Salins in 1817 for the banker Koester, was bought by Amschel Mayer Rothschild in 1839 for his Viennese nephew. Later it came into the possession of the Parisian Rothschild, Edmond de Rothschild , who rented it in 1867 to the former Duke of Nassau, Adolph von Nassau , who had resigned after the Prussian annexation . From 1889 to 1892 the owner at the time, the Darmstädter Bank für Handel und Industrie , had the palace torn down and a historic bank building built by the architects Neher and von Kauffmann , which still exists today.
course
From the Untermainbrücke to Willy-Brandt-Platz
Neue Mainzer Straße begins at the northern bridgehead of the Untermainbrücke. On the western side, on the left when looking in the direction of view, the National High-rise is located at number 1 as a striking gate post towards the city center . The 17-storey, 56-meter-high building, erected in 1962/63, is named after its owner, the Basel- based National Insurance Company . The striking high-rise with its copper-clad columns and the curtain wall made of dark green light metal and glass is a design by the architects Max Meid and Helmut Romeick .
To the north of the confluence with Hofstrasse is the urban theater complex . It was built from 1959 to 1963 around the former theater from 1902, which was badly damaged in the war . The block perimeter development, also from the Wilhelminian era, was demolished for this purpose. In addition to workshops, cloakrooms, office and rehearsal rooms, it mainly houses the venues of the two most important divisions, the Frankfurt Opera and the Frankfurt Theater , whose entrances are on Willy-Brandt-Platz. The entrance to the Kammerspiel , a small theater room for around 300 visitors, is on Hofstrasse . The Fundus restaurant on the corner of Neue Mainzer Strasse and Willy-Brandt-Platz is a popular meeting place for theater goers and artists.
The eastern side of the street is accompanied by a perimeter block development. Degussa's administrative headquarters were located here until 2000 . At the end of 2005, a consortium of investors acquired the 21,000 square meter area. Under the project name Maintor , a new quarter with mixed residential and office space was built from mid-2009 to 2018 according to plans by KSP Engel and Zimmermann . Retail and catering establishments as well as the theater Die Komödie , which is already located in the old Degussa complex, are intended to create an urban, attractive atmosphere. Architecturally, the new complex is characterized by the 100 meter high WINX office tower and two 60 meter high towers. Of the old Degussa buildings, the 13-storey Degussa Tower from 1953 on the corner of Weißfrauenstrasse and Neue Mainzer Strasse with a new facade has been preserved.
Between Willy-Brandt-Platz and Taunustor
The section of Neue Mainzer Straße known as the Bankenklamm begins north of Willy-Brandt-Platz . The 148-meter-high Eurotower , the seat of the European Central Bank until 2014 , was built in 1977 as the headquarters of the Bank for Public Economy . It occupies the entire street block on the western Neue Mainzer Strasse between Willy-Brandt-Platz and Kaiserstrasse and has been the seat of the Single Banking Supervision Mechanism (SSM) of the ECB since 2015 . The building block on the opposite side consists of a building from the reconstruction period in the 1950s, which is followed by the two Wilhelminian residential and commercial buildings No. 24 ( Frankfurter Haus ) and 26.
The K26 is a 20-storey, 75-meter-high skyscraper on the corner of Kaiserstraße and Neue Mainzer Straße No. 28 to 30.The owner is a subsidiary of the Hauck bank , whose headquarters were on this property until 1983. The K26 replaced a simple, 11-story office building 44 meters high that was only in use for almost 20 years. To the north of K26 is the 109-meter-high skyscraper Neue Mainzer Straße 32-36 , which was Commerzbank's headquarters from 1973 to 1997 . In 1997 the administration moved to the neighboring Commerzbank Tower . Before the Commerzbank high-rise was built, this was a simple commercial building built in 1952, the Bieger-Haus .
The block on the opposite side of the street consists of a Wilhelminian-era commercial building, which housed the Gloria cinema from 1927 to 1981, and a building complex of up to nine floors that was built between 1950 and 1957 for the Deutsche Genossenschaftskasse . The entire block was owned by Commerzbank. In 2011 it was completely demolished and replaced by two high-rise buildings, the 170-meter-high Taunusturm and another 60-meter-high building. The Wilhelminian style office building remains.
Between Taunustor and Junghofstrasse
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Between Taunustor and Junghofstrasse, the high-rise buildings are concentrated in their greatest density. It starts with the Japan Center , a 115-meter-high 27-storey high-rise in the shape of a Japanese stone lantern. Before it was inaugurated in 1996, the property on the corner of Neue Mainzer Strasse and Taunustor had already served various purposes. Originally the home of the wealthy Catholic merchant Stephan von Guaita was located here . He bequeathed the house to the von Guaitaschen Foundation , endowed in a will by himself and his wife , a pension institution for poor girls and the shameful poor of the Roman Catholic faith and for unmarried or widowed men over 60 in need of help . The unadorned functional building of the Taunustor tax office was later built here .
The opposite corner property on Große Gallusstraße was the seat of the Metzler bank until 2014 . In the high-rise master plan, the construction of a 175-meter-high building with 44 floors was planned at this point. The real estate developer Tishman Speyer Properties has been building the Omniturm , a 190 meter high residential and commercial building, here since the beginning of 2016 . Completion is expected in 2019. Behind the Omniturm, the narrow Neue Schlesingergasse branches off at a right angle , which after about 50 meters turns north in the direction of Junghofstrasse. The building complex Neue Mainzer Strasse 52-58 of the Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen is located on the property between Neuer Mainzer Strasse and Neuer Schlesingergasse . The bank's older high-rise, built in 1976, has been called the Garden Tower since it was renovated in 2005 . It consists of two 14 and 25 storey towers, the highest of which is 127 meters high. To the north of this is the 200 meter high Main Tower , which was built between 1996 and 1999 .
Opposite on the western side of the street is the headquarters of the Frankfurter Sparkasse and the Polytechnische Gesellschaft (Neue Mainzer Straße 49/51). After the old buildings were destroyed during the war, the bank built a makeshift building in 1949, which was replaced from 1955 to 1957 by a six-story building designed by the architects Krahn and Petry. To the north of it, Neue Mainzer Strasse bends sharply to the right. It follows the course of the old Frankfurt city wall from the 14th century. Shortly before the bend is the so-called Pfeiffer-Belli parent company (Neue Mainzer Straße 55), the only classicist building on the street that has survived to this day. During the reconstruction after the war, two banks settled on the adjoining former du Fayschen garden plot at Junghofbollwerk: The building at Neue Mainzer Strasse 57, built in 1960 by W. Berentzen, housed one of the first commercial data centers in Germany. It was equipped with a Univac UCT . The building belongs to the Württembergische Hypothekenbank . In addition to the Wilhelminian-style building of the Hypobank, there is a ten-story office building, also built by W. Berentzen in 1960 for the Wayss & Freytag construction group . Frankfurter Sparkasse and Württembergische Hypobank are planning to build a new building with 55 floors and 197 meters in height on plot No. 57–59 . The design comes from KSP Engel and Zimmermann Architects, a date for the start of construction has not yet been set.
At the corner of Neue Mainzer Strasse and Junghofstrasse on property no. 62–66, the next skyscraper follows with the Eurotheum . The 31-storey tower with a height of 110 meters was completed in 1999. The design came from the Offenbach architects Novotny Mähner Assoziierte . The Eurotheum is a combined office and residential building: the lower 21 floors contain offices and furnished apartments above.
Junghofstrasse to Opernplatz
Behind the busy intersection with Junghofstrasse is the office building at the Alte Oper , the seat of Citibank's German headquarters, on the western side of the street . The twenty-storey building designed by the architects Hubertus von Allwörden, Gerhard Balser, Roger Bundschuh and Rolf Schloen is 89 meters high. It was created from 1981 to 1984 and was later modernized. He also received a glass facade. Another renovation is planned.
The building opposite, Neue Mainzer Strasse 72 on the corner of Junghofstrasse, a Wilhelminian style office building from 1876, was extensively renovated a few years ago. It is used by the Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen. The Neue Rothofstrasse , which joins from the right, reminds, like the Junghofstrasse, of the time when Frankfurt Neustadt was a sparsely populated suburb in which there were still large farms. A few multi-storey commercial buildings from the 1950s and 1980s follow along Neue Mainzer Straße. Shortly before the Alte Oper, Goethestrasse branches off to the right , which in recent years has made a name for itself as a shopping street for the high demands of a wealthy consumer class. Behind Goethestrasse, Neue Mainzer Strasse ends at the intersection with Opernplatz and Freßgass , whose official name, Grosse Bockenheimer Strasse, is only known to a few Frankfurters.
The lower section of Neue Mainzer Straße is well known to a growing number of recreational athletes. The JPMorgan Chase Corporate Challenge , held annually in June, is the running event with the largest number of participants in the world. Since 2005 there have always been over 60,000 runners registered. In order to send the large field of participants safely on the 5.6-kilometer running route through Frankfurt city center, two separate starting positions are required, which are only brought together after around 400 meters at Eschenheimer Tor. The northern installation has been in the Neue Mainzer Straße for several years. The queue stretches for several hundred meters down the entire Neue Mainzer Strasse to Willy-Brandt-Platz, and the last runners need more than 20 minutes to reach the starting line at the Alte Oper.
See also
literature
- Wolfgang Klötzer : Frankfurt then, yesterday and today. A city that has changed over the past 50 years. Verlag JF Steinkopf , Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-7984-0398-8 .
- Fried Lübbecke : The face of the city. Based on Frankfurt plans by Faber, Merian and Delkeskamp 1552–1864. Waldemar Kramer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1983, ISBN 3-7829-0276-9 .
- Hans-Otto Schembs : Bankenklamm was once considered one of the most elegant addresses. In: Hans-Otto Schembs: Walk through Frankfurt history. Waldemar Kramer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2002, ISBN 3-7829-0530-X .
swell
- ↑ Stadtvermessungsamt Frankfurt am Main (ed.): Portal GeoInfo Frankfurt , city map
- ↑ General traffic plan 2004 (PDF file; 23.88 MB), results report of the municipal authorities from February 18, 2005
- ↑ Green light for MainTor project
- ^ New Mainzer Strasse office building
- ↑ Commerzbank administration building
- ^ Bieger-Haus ( Memento from September 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Metzler Bank
- ↑ Neue Mainzer Strasse 57-59
Web links
- All buildings on Neue Mainzer Strasse
- The Neue Mainzer Strasse. altfrankfurt.com
- Modern building in Frankfurt 1960 to 1966 ( Memento from October 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- Entry via Neue Mainzer Straße at Emporis
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 40 " N , 8 ° 40 ′ 23.1" E